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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Πιθανότητα εμφάνισης ακτινικής πνευμονίτιδας σε σχέση με τον ακτινοβολούμενο όγκο πνεύμονα : σύγκριση των μεθόδων εξομοίωσης και κλινικά ευρήματα σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του μαστού / Possibility of radiation pneumonitis appearance in relation to the irradiated lung volume : comparison of the simulation methods and clinical findings of patients with breast cancer

Σπυροπούλου, Δέσποινα 27 December 2010 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να εκτιμηθούν οι πιθανές οξείες μεταβολές των πνευμονικών λειτουργιών σε γυναίκες που υποβλήθηκαν σε μετεγχειρητική ακτινοθεραπεία για καρκίνο του μαστού μετά από συντηρητική επέμβαση διατήρησης του μαστού ή μετά από μαστεκτομή. Η μελέτη συμπεριλάμβανε 35 γυναίκες εκ των οποίων οι 21 από αυτές είχαν υποβληθεί και σε χημειοθεραπεία. Από το συνολικό δείγμα των 35 γυναικών, οι 14 υποβλήθηκαν και σε ακτινοθεραπεία της μασχαλιαίας και της υπερκλείδιας χώρας λόγω διηθημένων μασχαλιαίων λεμφαδένων. Όλες οι γυναίκες που έλαβαν μέρος στη μελέτη υποβλήθηκαν σε έλεγχο της πνευμονικής λειτουργίας με τη μέτρηση της βίαιης ζωτικής χωρητικότητας (FVC), του βίαιου εκπνεόμενου όγκου αέρα σε 1 sec (FEV1), της μέγιστης μεσοεκπνευστικής ροής (MMEF25-75), της μέγιστης κατανάλωσης οξυγόνου (VO2max), και της διαχυτικής ικανότητας μονοξειδίου του άνθρακα (DLCO). Όλες οι παραπάνω παράμετροι μετρήθηκαν πριν από την έναρξη της ακτινοθεραπείας και τρείς μήνες μετά από την ολοκλήρωσή της. Από την στατιστική ανάλυση προέκυψε στατιστικά σημαντική πτώση των τιμών των FVC, FEV1 και του DLCO, τρείς μήνες μετά την ολοκλήρωση της ακτινοθεραπείας, στις γυναίκες που έλαβαν τοπικοπεριοχική ακτινοθεραπεία και χημειοθεραπεία. Ωστόσο, στις γυναίκες που έλαβαν αποκλειστικά τοπική ακτινοθεραπεία δεν παρατηρήθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική πτώση των παραπάνω τιμών. Συμπερασματικά, η τοπική ακτινοθεραπεία για τον καρκίνο του μαστού δεν συσχετίστηκε με στατιστικά σημαντική πτώση των τιμών των πνευμονικών λειτουργιών, ενώ η τοπικοπεριοχική ακτινοβόληση και η χορήγηση χημειοθεραπείας ανέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντική πτώση των FVC, FEV1 και του DLCO τρείς μήνες μετά την ολοκλήρωση της ακτινοθεραπείας. / The frequency and grade of pulmonary complications after radiotherapy for breast cancer are still debated. This study evaluated changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) after radiotherapy in women with breast cancer. Thirty five consecutive eligible women with breast cancer underwent pulmonary function testing before and 3 months after adjuvant radiotherapy. Twenty one of them also received chemotherapy. A significant decrease of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was observed in the women treated with locoregional adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, whereas no decrease of the above parameters was evidenced in women treated exclusively with local adjuvant radiotherapy. Local adjuvant radiotherapy is not associated with any reduction in lung function parameters, however, locoregional adjuvant radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy shows a significant reduction in PFTs 3 months after radiotherapy completion.
2

A pilot study on the safety and efficacy of dose escalation in stereotactic body radiotherapy for peripheral lung tumors / 末梢性肺腫瘍に対する体幹部定位放射線治療における線量増加の安全性及び有効性に関するパイロット研究

Mitsuyoshi, Takamasa 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20997号 / 医博第4343号 / 新制||医||1027(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 鈴木 実, 教授 平井 豊博, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
3

Análise comparativa dos efeitos da atividade física através da mensuração de citocimas pró-inflamatórias em pulmões irradiados de ratos / Comparative analysis of the effects of physical activity through the measurement of proinflammatory cytokines in irradiated lungs of rats

Bianchi, Renata Cristiane Gennari, 1978- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Roberto Lopes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:36:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianchi_RenataCristianeGennari_D.pdf: 1264896 bytes, checksum: e7f0d2b827693233f95ddfd5a5e1ab93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As neoplasias esofágicas passíveis de tratamento por radioterapia podem induzir seqüelas clínicas importantes como a pneumonite radioinduzida e a fibrose pulmonar. É sabido que os exercícios físicos promovem uma seqüência de liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, com diminuição dos efeitos deletérios das desordens cardiovasculares e promoção de efeito protetor contra as doenças associadas à inflamação sistêmica. Diante deste fato, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar se a atividade física pré-radioterapia possui elementos radioprotetores, medindo-se a ativação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como a interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator transformador de crescimento-bete (TGF-'beta'), fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-'alfa') e quinase de proteína beta (IKK'beta'), por meio da análise de Western Blotting (WB). Para isto, foi realizado um estudo randomizado empregando 28 ratos Wistar Hannover, machos, com idade média de 90 dias e e peso aproximado de 200 gramas. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos. Gl (grupo controle), Gll (grupo que foi submetido à radioterapia e sacrificado no 1o dia pós-radioterapia - Glla ou sacrificado no 7o dia pós-radioterapia - Gllb) e Glll (grupo que realizou atividade física e radioterapia e foi sacrificado no 1°dia pós-radioterapia- Gllla ou sacrificado no 7°dia pós-radioterapia- Glllb). A atividade física do grupo Glll consistiu em natação, durante 8 semanas (carga zero, 3 vezes por semana, cerca de 30 minutos). Após tal atividade física, Gll e Glll foram submetidos à irradiação por cobaltoterapia, dose única de 3,5 grays em corpo inteiro. Todos os animais foram sacrificados por overdose de pentobarbital, de acordo com o tempo de análise de citocinas, e em seguida, um fragmento do lobo inferior do pulmão direito foi foi analisado por WB. Como resultado, a expressão das citocinas IKK'beta', TNF-'alfa' e IL-6 induzidas por radiação no pulmão foi menor nos animais que se exercitaram e que foram sacrificados no 7°dia pós-radioterapia (Glllb), com significância estatística através do teste de ANOVA (p<0,05). No entanto, o exercício não alterou o aumento induzido pela radiação em relação à TGF-'beta'. Concluiu-se que a atividade física possui elementos radioprotetores, pois houve menor aumento de IKK'beta', TNF-'alfa' e IL-6 nos grupos pós-atividade física (Glllb), com sugestão de menor inflamação e lesão tecidual pós-radioterapia. Possivelmente não houve significância estatística em relação à TGF-'beta', pois tal citocina tem papel preponderante numa fase mais tardia de injúria tecidual, ou seja, na fibrose pulmonar. Além disso, as citocinas analisadas mostraram-se bons marcadores para mensurar a resposta inflamatória tecidual pulmonar / Abstract: Esophageal neoplasms amenable to treatment by radiation therapy may induce important clinical radioinduced sequelae as pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. It is known that exercise promotes a sequence of release of proinflammatory cytokines, decreasing the deleterious effects of cardiovascular disorders and promotion of protective effect against diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Given this fact, this study aimed to determine whether physical activity pre-radiotherapy has radioprotective elements by measuring the activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-'beta'), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-'alpha') and beta protein kinase (IKK'beta') by means of Western Blotting (WB) analysis. For this, we performed a randomized study using 28 male Wistar Hannover rats, males with a mean age of 90 days and and weighing approximately 200 grams. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Gl (control group), Gil (group underwent radiotherapy and sacrificed on day 1 after radiation therapy - Gila or sacrificed on day 7 post-radiotherapy -Glib) and GIN (the group that performed physical activity and radiotherapy and was sacrificed on day 1 post-radiotherapy-Gllla or sacrificed on day 7 post-radiotherapy-Glllb). The physical activity of the group GIN consisted of swimming for 8 weeks (zero load, three times per week, about 30 minutes). After this activity, Gil and GIN were subjected to irradiation by cobalt, a single dose of 3.5 Gy of whole body. All animals were sacrificed by an overdose of pentobarbital, according to the analysis time of cytokines, and then a fragment of the lower lobe of right lung was analyzed by WB. As a result, the expression of cytokines IKK 'beta', TNF-'alpha' and IL-6 induced by radiation in the lungs was lower in the exercised animals and that were sacrificed on day 7 post-radiotherapy (Glllb), with statistical significance by ANOVA test (p<0,05) . However, the exercise did not affect the increase induced by radiation in relation to TGF-'beta'. It was concluded that physical activity has radioprotective elements because there was a lower increase of IKK 'beta', TNF-'alpha' and IL-6 in post-exercise groups (Glllb), with suggestion of less inflammation and tissue injury after radiation therapy. Possibly there was no statistical significance in relation to TGF-'beta', as this cytokine plays an important role in a later phase of tissue injury, namely pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the cytokines analyzed proved to be good markers to measure the pulmonary inflammatory response / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências
4

Multi-institutional dose-segmented dosiomic analysis for predicting radiation pneumonitis after lung stereotactic body radiation therapy / 多施設共同研究による肺定位放射線治療後の放射線肺臓炎発症予測に関する線量分布オミクス解析

Adachi, Takanori 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第23826号 / 人健博第97号 / 新制||人健||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 精山 明敏, 教授 椎名 毅, 教授 平井 豊博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
5

Impacto da radioterapia torácica na capacidade funcional de pacientes com neoplasia de mama / The impact of radiation therapy on functional capacity in patients with breast cancer

Suesada, Milena Mako 13 September 2010 (has links)
Introdução: Durante a radioterapia torácica (RT) para o câncer de mama, parte do parênquima pulmonar adjacente a caixa torácica acaba secundariamente sendo incluída no campo de tratamento, podendo cursar com lesões pulmonares e perdas na capacidade funcional. Essas seqüelas necessitam ser mais bem compreendidas, considerando o bom prognóstico da doença. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da RT na capacidade funcional em pacientes com neoplasia de mama. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu 41 pacientes consecutivas entre Janeiro de 2008 a Julho de 2009. As pacientes foram submetidas a uma avaliação da capacidade respiratória, da capacidade de exercício e tomografia de tórax de alta resolução antes do início e após 3 meses do término do tratamento. Para a avaliação respiratória foram mensurados a força de músculos respiratórios, mobilidade de caixa torácica e prova de função pulmonar completa. A capacidade de exercício foi avaliada através de teste cardiopulmonar de esforço (ergoespirometria). Foram calculados a dose pulmonar média e o volume pulmonar que recebeu uma dose de 25Gy em valor absoluto (V25cm3) e em porcentagem do volume pulmonar total (V25%). Os sintomas respiratórios (pneumonite) e dermatológicos (dermatite) foram classificados de acordo com escalas previamente descritos na literatura na avaliação final. Resultados: Após 3 meses da RT foram encontrados presença de sintomas de pneumonite actínica e dermatite actínica, com piora na performace status e diminuição da tolerância aos esforços para as atividades cotidianas. Na avaliação respiratória foram encontradas significativas perdas na força de músculos respiratórios (p<0,0001), mobilidade de caixa torácica (p<0,0001) e nos volumes e capacidades pulmonares. Não foram observados alterações na difusão (p=0,56). Os resultados obtidos na ergoespirometria foram significativamente piores após a RT e 87% das CT se mostraram alteradas. Conclusões: A RT agudamente cursa com perdas na capacidade funcional, caracterizando um quadro de descondicionamento físico. A inclusão da fossa supraclavicular no campo de tratamento aparentemente representa um fator de risco no surgimento dos sintomas de pneumonite e dermatite actínica / Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer involves part of the pulmonary parenchyma with potential losses in functional capacity. Those effects deserve to be more depth understands, considering the good prognosis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of radiotherapy in functional capacity after 3 months in patients treated with breast cancer. Methods: 41 consecutive women were performed lung high resolution computed tomography, respiratory and exercise capacity evaluation before and after 3 months of the completion of RT. The respiratory evaluation included complete pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall measurement. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to evaluate the exercise capacity. The mean lung dose of RT and the lung volume receiving 25Gy in absolute value (V25cm3) and in percentage of total pulmonary volume (V25%) were calculated. Results: After 3 months significant decreases in respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, exercise capacity and PFT were observed, except the diffusion capacity. HRCT showed changes related to RT in 87%, and that change was more important in patients with supraclavicular fossa included in RT treatment. Conclusions: Local RT for breast cancer led to a significant loss in functional capacity and physical deconditioning. The HRCT changes correlated with the inclusion of SCF in the treatment field and potentially represent a risk factor to development of radiation pneumonitis
6

Impacto da radioterapia torácica na capacidade funcional de pacientes com neoplasia de mama / The impact of radiation therapy on functional capacity in patients with breast cancer

Milena Mako Suesada 13 September 2010 (has links)
Introdução: Durante a radioterapia torácica (RT) para o câncer de mama, parte do parênquima pulmonar adjacente a caixa torácica acaba secundariamente sendo incluída no campo de tratamento, podendo cursar com lesões pulmonares e perdas na capacidade funcional. Essas seqüelas necessitam ser mais bem compreendidas, considerando o bom prognóstico da doença. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da RT na capacidade funcional em pacientes com neoplasia de mama. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu 41 pacientes consecutivas entre Janeiro de 2008 a Julho de 2009. As pacientes foram submetidas a uma avaliação da capacidade respiratória, da capacidade de exercício e tomografia de tórax de alta resolução antes do início e após 3 meses do término do tratamento. Para a avaliação respiratória foram mensurados a força de músculos respiratórios, mobilidade de caixa torácica e prova de função pulmonar completa. A capacidade de exercício foi avaliada através de teste cardiopulmonar de esforço (ergoespirometria). Foram calculados a dose pulmonar média e o volume pulmonar que recebeu uma dose de 25Gy em valor absoluto (V25cm3) e em porcentagem do volume pulmonar total (V25%). Os sintomas respiratórios (pneumonite) e dermatológicos (dermatite) foram classificados de acordo com escalas previamente descritos na literatura na avaliação final. Resultados: Após 3 meses da RT foram encontrados presença de sintomas de pneumonite actínica e dermatite actínica, com piora na performace status e diminuição da tolerância aos esforços para as atividades cotidianas. Na avaliação respiratória foram encontradas significativas perdas na força de músculos respiratórios (p<0,0001), mobilidade de caixa torácica (p<0,0001) e nos volumes e capacidades pulmonares. Não foram observados alterações na difusão (p=0,56). Os resultados obtidos na ergoespirometria foram significativamente piores após a RT e 87% das CT se mostraram alteradas. Conclusões: A RT agudamente cursa com perdas na capacidade funcional, caracterizando um quadro de descondicionamento físico. A inclusão da fossa supraclavicular no campo de tratamento aparentemente representa um fator de risco no surgimento dos sintomas de pneumonite e dermatite actínica / Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer involves part of the pulmonary parenchyma with potential losses in functional capacity. Those effects deserve to be more depth understands, considering the good prognosis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of radiotherapy in functional capacity after 3 months in patients treated with breast cancer. Methods: 41 consecutive women were performed lung high resolution computed tomography, respiratory and exercise capacity evaluation before and after 3 months of the completion of RT. The respiratory evaluation included complete pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall measurement. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to evaluate the exercise capacity. The mean lung dose of RT and the lung volume receiving 25Gy in absolute value (V25cm3) and in percentage of total pulmonary volume (V25%) were calculated. Results: After 3 months significant decreases in respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, exercise capacity and PFT were observed, except the diffusion capacity. HRCT showed changes related to RT in 87%, and that change was more important in patients with supraclavicular fossa included in RT treatment. Conclusions: Local RT for breast cancer led to a significant loss in functional capacity and physical deconditioning. The HRCT changes correlated with the inclusion of SCF in the treatment field and potentially represent a risk factor to development of radiation pneumonitis

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