Après la crise des années 1990, le monde rural, à l’image de la société russe, est traversé, à partir des années 2000, par un processus de normalisation économique et sociale. Cette thèse étudie ce phénomène – par le bas – à partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée au sein des espaces ruraux russes, portant sur les pratiques de la vie quotidienne dans divers lieux et auprès de différents acteurs en situation de précarité. L’argumentation développée obéit à un double mouvement. Elle montre d’une part comment le développement de l’économie de marché a généré au sein de la population rurale des formes diverses de précarité et d’autre part que l’investissement des individus au sein de l’économie domestique peut être considéré comme un moyen de se protéger contre le risque de précarisation, en se reconstruisant des formes de vie stables et en réduisant par là-même l’incertitude de leur existence. D’une part, l’examen de l’organisation de l’économie domestique est centré sur la mise en place des mécanismes de protections rapprochées en réponse à la situation de précarité vécue par les acteurs. D’autre part, cette thèse met en évidence que le mouvement de repli des hommes vers la sphère domestique entraine une redéfinition de leur rôle au sein de la famille et comment leur intégration à un collectif de travail domestique permet à ceux-ci de retrouver une place légitime dans la société. Enfin, ce travail révèle la manière dont les logiques marchandes véhiculées par le développement du capitalisme sont retraduites dans les pratiques économiques ordinaires et comment elles expriment un mouvement conjugué de domestication du marché et de marchéisation de la sphère domestique. / After the crises of the 1990’s, like the overall Russian society, the rural world experienced a process of economical and social normalization. This thesis studies this phenomenon – from below – on the basis of an ethnography of the practices of everyday life carried in the Russian rural territories, in various places and concerning different people in precarious situation. The argumentation of this thesis follows a double movement. On one hand, she explains how the development of the market economy generated in the rural population various form of precarious situations, and on the other hand she demonstrates how the work of people in the household production can be interpret as a protection toward this risk and a way of rebuilding some stability and security into the conditions of their daily life. Firstly, the analysis of the organisation of the household economy is focusing on the constitution of the family solidarities and on the way they help people dealing with the insecurity of their daily life. Secondly, this thesis emphasis that the movement of retreat into the household experienced by the men lead to a redefinition of their role in the family and highlight how by their integration in the household production they manage to rehabilitate themselves within the society. Thirdly, this study shows how the market logics spread by the development of the capitalism economy are translated in the ordinaries economics practices and how these practices reveal the existence of a combine movement of domestication of the market and marketization of household economy

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T13:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dirlei de Azambuja Pereira_Tese.pdf: 1071105 bytes, checksum: 13df1af61878556fa583cb9635688377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T13:47:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dirlei de Azambuja Pereira_Tese.pdf: 1071105 bytes, checksum: 13df1af61878556fa583cb9635688377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T21:43:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dirlei de Azambuja Pereira_Tese.pdf: 1071105 bytes, checksum: 13df1af61878556fa583cb9635688377 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T21:43:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dirlei de Azambuja Pereira_Tese.pdf: 1071105 bytes, checksum: 13df1af61878556fa583cb9635688377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Paulo Freire, ao construir a sua pedagogia, recebeu influências diversas. Na teoria do pedagogo brasileiro, podem ser encontradas categorias filosóficas provenientes da Fenomenologia, do Existencialismo, do Cristianismo, da Teologia da Libertação, da Hermenêutica, do Marxismo e do Humanismo. Diante dessa constatação, há a necessidade de ser questionada a viabilidade de um diálogo que tenciona articular tantas e complexas influências. Haveria na obra de Paulo Freire apenas uma justaposição de fontes filosóficas? Seria o pedagogo brasileiro um autor eclético? Ou Freire elabora uma síntese intelectual, criativa e original, sem lesar, em seu cerne, os paradigmas filosóficos com os quais dialoga? Por meio da investigação desenvolvida, de matriz bibliográfica, concluiu-se que a última possibilidade exposta é a mais coerente em se tratando da teoria freiriana. O pedagogo brasileiro, como já asseveraram muitos estudiosos de sua obra, realiza uma síntese. Feita essa verificação, constatou-se que resta ainda sem resposta o fundamento de tal síntese, ou seja: se Freire desenvolveu esse processo, qual seria o núcleo sintético que o realiza? A resposta apresentada, frente a essa interrogativa, é que o núcleo que sintetiza as diversas categorias, que influenciam a pedagogia de Paulo Freire e que são oriundas de diferentes correntes filosóficas, é a ideia de transformação social radical na mesma perspectiva desenvolvida na filosofia social marxiana, entendida, neste contexto, como o movimento que envolve uma discussão radical sobre classe social e alienação, que decorrem do modelo social do capital e que, obrigatoriamente, precisam ser superadas tendo em vista a plena realização da emancipação humana. A contribuição intelectual e criativa que Paulo Freire oferece para a conquista desse horizonte é uma elaboração pedagógica que rigorosamente pensou e pôs em prática. A pedagogia freiriana, é relevante explicitar, potencialmente embasa uma práxis educativa radicalmente transformadora. Ainda seria oportuno argumentar que só foi possível para Freire trazer para o seu construto teórico as contribuições de diferentes correntes filosóficas, porque todas elas, com suas especificidades, providenciam determinações mais precisas para um projeto educativo que tem como horizonte a transformação social radical, que leve à superação do sistema social do capital e efetive a emancipação humana. E esse objetivo é o fio condutor que permeia a teoria de Karl Marx. / In order to build his pedagogy, Paulo Freire was influenced by several theories and, in his pedagogy, there can be found philosophical categories from Phenomenology, Existentialism, Christianity, Theology of Liberation, Hermeneutics, Marxism and Humanism. Considering this fact, there is a necessity of questioning the feasibility of a dialogue that intends to articulate so many and complex influences. Would there be, in Paulo Freire‘s work just an overlapping of philosophical sources? Would Brazilian teacher be an eclectic author? Does Freire develop an intellectual creative and original synthesis without damage, at its core, the philosophical paradigms? Through the research carried out, based on bibliographic literature, we conclude that the latter possibility is more coherent in Freirian theory. Freire, as asserted many scholars of his work, performs a synthesis. Accepting this thesis, it was found that remains unanswered the foundation of such a synthesis, i.e.: if Freire developed this process, which would be the synthetic core that performs the synthesis? The answer to this question is that the core summarizing the various categories that influenced Paulo Freire‘s pedagogy are from different philosophies. It is the idea of a radical social transformation in the same perspective outlined by Marxian social philosophy. It is understood in this context as the movement that involves a radical discussion of social class and alienation, under capitalism social model that needs to be overcome with a view to fulfill human emancipation. The intellectual and creative contributions that Paulo Freire offers to achievement of this horizon is a pedagogical preparation to rigorous thought and implement. Freire's pedagogy emphasized a radical transformative educational praxis. We argued that it was possible to Freire bring his theoretical contributions of different philosophical, because all of them, with their specific features, provide very precise determinations for an educational project which has a horizon of the radical social transformation. This transformation takes to overcome the social system of the capital and visualizes effective human emancipation. Human emancipation is the argumentative path that permeates Karl Marx‘s theory.