Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié un système complet d'antennes distribuées par voie optique pour déport de signaux radio suivant le principe de la radio sur fibre. La caractérisation du lien optique servant de base au système radio sur fibre, d'un point de vue composant et système via la transmission de standards radio a d'abord été effectuée. Nous avons montré par une nouvelle technique de caractérisation que l'élément non linéaire de notre chaîne de transmission pouvait se comporter de manière plus linéaire qu'attendue et faiblement impacter les standards radio transmis. Les standards choisis sont à enveloppe constante (GSM) et à enveloppe non constante (WLAN) pour mieux mettre en évidence les non-linéarités de la chaîne de transmission. Il est ainsi montré que les signaux à enveloppe non constante sont les signaux limitants et qu'en leur adjoignant un signal à enveloppe constante à faible puissance, la qualité de leur transmission n'est pas impactée. A partir de ces résultats expérimentaux, un algorithme de calcul de couvertures radio a été développé et appliqué à plusieurs scénarios de couverture intra-bâtiment. Notre étude montre que dans tous les cas, c'est la liaison montante, de l'utilisateur à la station centrale, qui est limitante puisque bien plus impactée par le bruit ajouté par la chaîne de transmission optique. Par suite, nous avons proposé une architecture de déploiement réseau originale de type bus pour laquelle nous montrons que malgré un coût de déploiement faible, il est possible d'atteindre des performances suffisantes pour assurer des couvertures au sein d'un réseau domestique. Enfin, ces résultats de simulation sur architecture bus sont confirmés par la réalisation d'un banc de test de type industriel permettant de confirmer par la mesure les résultats obtenus précédemment. Nous réalisons aussi un circuit radio passif permettant la séparation et recombination de plusieurs signaux (GSM et WLAN étudiés précédemment) de sorte que tous les éléments prouvant la réalisation et les mesures sur le système complet d'antennes distribuées sont à disposition et fonctionnels. / In this manuscript, we study a complete distributed antenna system through optical ways, to extend radio signals coverage, thanks to the radio over fiber principle. The optical link characterization is done first as the system basic building block. The characterization is done both through component and system analysis, thanks to different radio standards transmission. We develop a new characterization technique that allows us to confirm that the most non-linear element of the optical link behaves much more linearly than expected so that it has a low effect on transmission quality. Chosen standards are both constant and non-constant envelop to highlight the link non-linearities. This shows that non-constant envelop signals are the limiting signals for our system. This also allows to demonstrate that adding a low power constant envelop signal to a non-constant envelop one does not impact its transmission performance. From these experimental results, we develop an in-building coverage distance calculation algorithm for our system. Those simulations confirm that the uplink, from the user to the central station, is the most limiting section of our system because of the noise quantity added by the optical link. To follow this, we propose a new low-cost bus network in-building topology for our system that proves to be performing as wanted for personal homes. Finally, these bus topology simulation results are confirmed with the production of an industrial type test bench. We also produce a passive radio front-end that permits the separation and recombination of several radio signals (GSM and WLAN as previously studied) so that all the elements proving the production and the results of the complete distributed antenna system through optical ways are available and functional.

The concept of 2D barcodes is of great relevance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a typical setup, any file on a cell phone for example can be transferred to a second cell phone through a series of images on the LCD which are then captured and decoded through the camera of the second cell phone. In this research, a new approach for data modulation in 2D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard methods of barcode modulation. In the proposed method, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements to modulate intensity of individual pixels. It is shown that the bit error rate performance of the proposed system is superior to the current state of the art in various scenarios. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera motion, picture blur and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD. Furthermore, intensity modulation requires the input signal used to modulate a light source to be positive, which requires the addition of a dc bias. In the meantime, the high crest factor of OFDM requires a lower modulation index to limit clipping distortion. These two factors result in poor power efficiency in radio over fiber applications in which signal bandwidth is generally much less than the carrier frequency. In this study, it is shown that clipping a bipolar radio frequency signal at zero level, when it has a carrier frequency sufficiently higher than its bandwidth, results in negligible distortion in the pass band and most of the distortion power is concentrated in the baseband. Consequently, with less power provided to the optical carrier, higher power efficiencies and better receiver sensitivity will result. Finally, a more efficient optical integrated system is introduced to implement the proposed intensity modulation method which is optimized for radio over fiber applications.

Cette thèse vise à analyser en détails la possibilité d'améliorer les futurs systèmes Radio-sur-Fibre (RoF) dans différents scénarios de télécommunication, tels que les réseaux cellulaires actuels et de la prochaine génération, ainsi que dans d'autres applications telles que la radioastronomie. Le système RoF étudié est donc composé d’un laser à cavité verticale (VCSEL) fonctionnant à 850 nm, d'une fibre standard monomode (SSMF) et d'un phototransistor à hétérojonction SiGe (HPT), adoptant la technique appelée détection directe par modulation d'intensité qui est aujourd'hui l'architecture à moindre coût et la plus simple pour RoF. Cette thèse décrit en détail la propagation non naturelle dans le SSMF (conçue pour fonctionner uniquement à 1310 nm et 1550 nm) à 850 nm. A travers un modèle mathématique développé, la propagation à deux modes est décrite et les principaux phénomènes impliqués sont analysés. En particulier, le modèle se concentre sur la dispersion intermodale et le bruit modal, considérés comme les deux principales contributions de performance nuisible. Le modèle mis au point permet d'identifier les principaux paramètres qui contribuent à renforcer les effets néfastes de la dispersion intermodale et du bruit modal, à la fois en fréquence et dans le temps. A partir du modèle, des techniques possibles pour améliorer les performances sont alors proposées. En fait, une technique de pré-filtrage est réalisée afin d'éviter l'excitation du mode du second ordre, permettant une propagation quasi-monomode au sein du SSMF. La technique est validée théoriquement et expérimentalement soit pour une transmission sinusoïdale à radiofréquence unique, soit pour une transmission de signal passe-bande centrée sur une bande de radiofréquence. Il est démontré expérimentalement que possibilité d'augmenter la bande passante de modulation du système RoF, tout en réduisant les fluctuations de puissance et de gain. De plus, la technique est validée dans un véritable système de transmission LTE, ce qui permet à la technologie RoF de transmettre un signal LTE 256-QAM de 20 MHz, confirmant la possibilité d'utiliser cette technologie pour réduire le coût global et la consommation du réseau. Des travaux supplémentaires ont été réalisés sur le modèle mathématique. En fait, la propagation des deux modes est exploitée en sens inverse pour caractériser le chirp du VCSEL utilisé. Enfin, le problème du couplage entre les fibres et les dispositifs optoélectroniques est discuté et étudié afin d’améliorer les performances tout en gardant un faible coût. La possibilité d'utiliser une structure collective et passive pour coupler la fibre optique avec des photodétecteurs à petite surface et VCSEL est présentée, montrant des améliorations importantes sur l'efficacité du couplage et la tolérance au désalignement / This dissertation aims to analyze the possibility of improving in terms of cost and consumption the future Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems in different telecommunication scenarios, such as current and next generation of cellular networks and in other applications such as Radio Astronomy. The RoF system studied is hence composed of a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) operating at 850 nm, standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and SiGe Heterojunction Phototransistor (HPT), adopting the technique called Intensity Modulation{Direct Detection which is nowadays the cheapest and simplest architecture for RoF. This dissertation describes in detail the multimode propagation within the SSMF (designed to operate only at 1310 nm and 1550 nm) which is present at 850 nm. Through a developed mathematical model, the two-modes propagation is described and the main phenomena involved are analyzed. In particular, the model focus on intermodal dispersion and modal noise which are considered the two main contributions of performance detrimental. The model developed is able to identify the main parameters which contribute to enhance the detrimental effects produced by intermodal dispersion and modal noise both in frequency and time domain. Starting from the model, possible techniques to improve the performances are then proposed. In particular, a pre-filtering technique is realized in order to avoid the excitation of the second order mode, allowing a quasi-single-modepropagation within the SSMF. The technique is theoretically and experimentally validated either for single radio frequency sinusoidal transmission either for bandpass signal transmission centered in radio frequency band. In particular it is demonstrated experimentally the possibility of increasing the modulationbandwidth of the RoF system, reducing at the same time the fluctuations of power and gain. Furthermore, the technique is validated in a real LTE transmission system, making the RoF technology proposed able to transmit 256-QAM LTE signal of 20 MHz bandwidth, confirming the possibility of using this technology to decrease the overall cost and consumption of the network. Further work hasbeen done on the mathematical model. In particular the two modes propagation is exploited reversely in order to characterize the chirp parameter of the VCSEL employed. Finally, the problem of coupling between fiber and opto-electronic devices is also discussed and investigated, in order to enhance theperformances while keeping low the cost. The possibility of utilizing a collective and passive ploymerbased structure for coupling the optical fiber with small area photodetectors and VCSEL is presented, showing important improvements on coupling efficiency and tolerance to misalignment

Ce travail de thèse, consiste à étudier les performances d'une liaison Radio sur Fibre simplifiée mettant en ¿uvre une modulation extérieure de la source optique avec des signaux OFDM. La source laser est couplée sur une même puce avec un modulateur à électro-absorption, développée par Alcatel III-V LaB été modélisée à l'aide du logiciel ADS( Advanced Design System) et caractérisée au laboratoire.Dans une première partie, nous présenterons une introduction de la technologie Radio sur Fibre avec ses applications, et son intérêt pour les technologies futures.Dans une seconde partie, nous nous intéresserons à la modélisation électrique du modulateur à électro-absorption utilisée pour effectuer la modulation numérique de type OFDM.Dans une troisième partie, sera proposée un modèle complet de la chaine de transmission intégrant tous les composants de la liaison, de manière à effectuer une analyse comportementale du système.La quatrième partie, présentent les performances mesurées réalisées au laboratoire sur le banc de caractérisation de la chaine en modulation numérique OFDM Ultra Large Bande et simulées sous ADS et les corrélations entre les résultats. / This thesis is to study the performance of a radio link over fiber simplified implementing an external modulation of the optical source with OFDM signals. The laser source is coupled on a single chip with an electro-absorption modulator, developed by Alcatel III-V LaB been modeled using software ADS (Advanced Design System) and characterized in the laboratory. In the first part, we will present an introduction to the Radio on Fiber technology with its applications, and its interest in future technologies.In the second part, we will focus on the electrical modeling of the electro-absorption modulator used to make the digital OFDM type. In the third part, will be offered a complete model of the transmission chain incorporating all components of the link, so as to perform behavioral analysis system. The fourth part, have measured performance in the laboratory on the chain of characterization bench in digital OFDM Ultra Wideband and simulated in ADS and correlations between the results.

Cette étude se situe au niveau de la couche physique d'un système de transmission optique terrestre de type réseau métropolitain. Il s'agit d'y intégrer un composant, le laser modulateur intégrés (Electroabsorption Modulated Laser ou EML) du III-V Lab Alcatel-Thales, un laboratoire industriel de composants optoélectroniques. Et ceci pour en diminuer la complexité par pré-distorsion apportée par la modulation du laser. Les distances de transmission étant limités par des phénomènes physiques intrinsèques aux fibres optiques, le but est de développer un schéma de fonctionnement des EML pouvant dépasser les limites fixées par la dispersion chromatique des fibres et ses effets non-linéaires, principe qui a été démontré avec un laser et un modulateur discret mais jamais avec un composant intégré. La technique est basée sur une pré-compensation de la dispersion chromatique en appliquant une modulation sur le laser de l'EML qui génère la porteuse optique préchirpée qui est ensuite modulée par le modulateur à électro-absorption, raison du nom donné à l'EML : Dual Electroabsorption Modulated Laser ou D-EML. C'est l'axe majeur de recherche car il met en évidence le principe de la compensation de dispersion permettant d'incrémenter les distances de transmission de 80 km à 160 km pour la première fois avec un composant monolithique. Une application Radio-sur-Fibre pour les réseaux d'accès a été explorée, elle est basée sur une modulation duale analogique, permettant l'extinction d'une raie de modulation optique générant ainsi un signal à bande latérale unique Single Side Band. Ce format permet de transporter des signaux I-Q très haut-débit sur des distances de plus de 100 km.

Fault localization is the process of realizing the true source of a failure from a set of collected failure notifications. Isolating failure recovery within the network optical domain is necessary to resolve alarm storm problems. The introduction of the monitoring trail (m-trail) has been proven to deliver better performance by employing monitoring resources in a form of optical trails - a monitoring framework that generalizes all the previously reported counterparts. In this dissertation, the m-trail design is explored and a focus is given to the analysis on using m-trails with established lightpaths to achieve fault localization. This process saves network resources by reducing the number of the m-trails required for fault localization and therefore the number of wavelengths used in the network. A novel approach based on Geographic Midpoint Technique, an adapted version of the Chinese Postman’s Problem (CPP) solution and an adapted version of the Traveling Salesman’s Problem (TSP) solution algorithms is introduced. The desirable features of network architectures and the enabling of innovative technologies for delivering future millimeter-waveband (mm-WB) Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems for wireless services integrated in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is proposed in this dissertation. For the conceptual illustration, a DWDM RoF system with channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is considered. The mm-WB Radio Frequency (RF) signal is obtained at each Optical Network Unit (ONU) by simultaneously using optical heterodyning photo detection between two optical carriers. The generated RF modulated signal has a frequency of 12.5 GHz. This RoF system is easy, cost-effective, resistant to laser phase noise and also reduces maintenance needs, in principle. A revision of related RoF network proposals and experiments is also included. A number of models for Passive Optical Networks (PON)/ RoF-PON that combine both innovative and existing ideas along with a number of solutions for m-trail design problem of these models are proposed. The comparison between these models uses the expected survivability function which proved that these models are liable to be implemented in the new and existing PON/ RoF-PON systems. This dissertation is followed by recommendation of possible directions for future research in this area.

Afin de réaliser la convergence de l'infrastructure optique des réseaux d'accès fixes et mobiles, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les solutions pour la distribution de porteuses radio natives à travers des réseaux d'accès optiques typiques. La première partie décrit les contextes et les principales propriétés physiques des réseaux d'accès optiques et radio : depuis les systèmes Fiber To The Home (FTTH) actuellement déployés et leurs évolutions attendues, en passant par l'actuel système radio Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) jusqu'aux exigences des futurs systèmes modernes de téléphonie mobile. Ceci permet de fixer le cadre de l'environnement optique dans lequel les fonctionnalités Radio over Fiber (RoF) devront être intégrées, et d'anticiper les figures de mérite, se rapportant aux systèmes radios, auxquelles une attention particulière devra être protée durant la mise en oeuvre. La seconde partie montre l'intérêt et les possibilités de réutiliser l'infrastructure optique des réseaux d'accès fixes pour les systèmes de radio distribuée. Ensuite est proposé un inventaire des techniques RoF analogiques et numériques, ainsi qu'une discussion quant à leur intégrabilité dans des systèmes FTTH courants. La troisième partie traite du calcul formel et de simulations d'un système de transmission RoF analogique, où la liaison optique est soit passive ou optiquement pré-amplifiée, et voire amplifiée à l'émission. L'objectif est de fournir des résultats numériques en complément aux résultats pratiques (seconde moitié de la quatrième partie) pour lesquels le rapport signal à bruit est le souci majeur. Pour cela nous utilisons successivement des expressions formelles, et des résultats numériques obtenus pour des signaux sinusoïdaux et pour des signaux UMTS plus réalistes. La quatrième et dernière partie concerne les résultats expérimentaux : d'une part ceux concernant les architectures à base de récepteur APD et à portée étendue grâce à un SOA exploité de manière bidirectionnelle, et ayant pour figure de mérite principale l'EVM ; d'autre part les résultats ayant pour figure de mérite l'ACLR, qui pour les systèmes radio dans le sens descendant, est un paramètre critique, et s'avérant être plus important que l'EVM. C'est pourquoi sont présentées des architectures RoF compatibles avec les budgets PON, permettant de surmonter les non-linéarités d'ordre 3 induites par la dispersion chromatique et le chirp du laser, qui dégradent les performances de ACLR / In order to realize the convergence of the optical infrastructure of fixed and mobile access networks, the objective of this thesis is to study the solutions for distributing native radio carriers through typical optical access networks.The first Part describes the contexts and the main physical properties of the optical and radio access networks: from nowadays deployed Fiber To The Home (FTTH) systems, and their expected evolutions, to the current radio system Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) towards the expected requirements of modern mobile radio systems. This allows to settle the optical environment in which the Radio over Fiber(RoF)-functionalities will have to be integrated, and to know on which radio systems'figures of merits to focus on when implementing it. The second Part shows the benefit and possibilities of re-using the optical infrastructure of the fixed access networks for distributed radio systems. Then a review of the analog and digital RoF techniques is proposed, and their feasibility of integration into legacy FTTH systems is discussed. The third part deals with the computing and simulations of an analog RoF-system where the optical link is either passive or optically pre-amplified, and even boosted. The goal is to provide numerical results to the practical lab. results of the second half of the fourth part where the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) matters. Therefore successively formal expressions, numerical results for simple 2-tone signals and more realistic UMTS signals are considered. The fourth and last part deals with the obtained practical results. These can be split into two main categories : Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)-oriented results where an Avalanche Photo-Detector (APD) is used for legacy and extended-reach PON architectures using a direction shared Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) ; and an Adjacent/Alternate Channel power Leakage Ratio (ACLR)-driven part where the focus is seton a very critical figure of merit of radio systems, especially in the downlink. The latter part turned out to be mandatory and prevailing over the initially considered EVM concerns. Hence several RoF architectures, compatible with PONs, are introduced in order to overcome the non-linearities undergone by the RoF-signals, induced by the chromatic dispersion of the PON's fiber and the laser chirp, and degrading the ACLR performances

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDINEI MARTINS.pdf: 2135890 bytes, checksum: 419e34d778fa576dcea52630975b8c78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The intensive use of high-density data applications has driven the relentless pursuit of networks capable to provide high traffic capacity. The transparent optical networks plays an important role in the telecommunications infrastructure core, being able to meet these demands. New technologies to terabits per second networks have created a new stage of development for optical communications. New optical components that allows signal process in addition to just transportation, are needed. The scope of these networks extends from the core of the infrastructure to the end user, reaching the last mile, and recently also end devices such as computers, televisions and Internet. In this context, Silicon Photonics gained momentum in the last decade, as an alternative to the need to take the processing of optical signals to levels similar to those already made by semiconductor technology, in processing electrical signals. In our work, we studied systematically using simulations, ring resonators structure in Silicon Photonics, as technology to build miniaturized devices capable of handling optical signals. In particular, we investigated optical band-pass filter design narrowed than such filters used to the separation channel in wavelength division multiplexing systems, for application in various areas of optical networks such as radio over fiber, multiplexers, all optical encoders and modulators. In this work uses ring resonators structure for construction of these high order filters with reduced size, with a substrate of some micrometers area. Such filters could be built into microchips and integrated with other optical and optical-electronic components, resulting in more complex systems, in the near future. The main result was an optical band-pass filter with 8.6 GHz bandwidth based on asymmetric ring resonators with two sets of three rings, with following radii 5 ?m, 2.5 ?m and 5 ?m using a substrate area of 1840 ?m2 or, 57 ?m x 120 ?m. / O uso intensivo de aplica??es de alta densidade de dados tem impulsionado a busca constante por redes capazes de prover elevada capacidade de tr?fego. As redes ?pticas transparentes s?o capazes de atender a estas demandas e cumprem um papel relevante no n?cleo da infraestrutura de telecomunica??es. As novas tecnologias para redes de terabits por segundo criaram uma nova etapa do desenvolvimento das comunica??es ?pticas e novos componentes com capacidade n?o s? de transporte, mas tamb?m de processamento do sinal ?ptico tornaram-se necess?rios. A abrang?ncia destas redes estende-se do n?cleo da infraestrutura at? o usu?rio final, chegando ? ?ltima milha e, mais recentemente, tamb?m aos dispositivos finais, tais como computadores, televisores e Internet. Neste contexto, a Fot?nica de Sil?cio ganhou impulso, na ?ltima d?cada, como uma alternativa ? necessidade de levar o processamento dos sinais ?pticos a n?veis semelhantes aos j? realizados pela tecnologia de semicondutores no processamento de sinais el?tricos. Em nosso trabalho, pesquisamos de forma sistem?tica, utilizando simula??es, para o projeto de filtros com an?is ressoantes, constru?dos em Fot?nica de Sil?cio, para desenvolvimento de dispositivos miniaturizados capazes de tratar sinais ?pticos. Em particular, investigou-se o projeto de filtros ?pticos passa-faixa, de banda inferior ? utilizada, para separa??o de canais em sistemas de multiplexa??o por divis?o de comprimento de onda, para aplica??o em diversas ?reas das redes ?pticas, tais como r?dio sobre fibra, multiplexadores, moduladores e codificadores totalmente ?pticos. Neste trabalho, utiliza-se estrutura de an?is ressonantes para constru??o destes filtros, de ordem elevada e de tamanho reduzido, em um substrato de alguns micr?metros de ?rea. Tais filtros poder?o ser constru?dos em microchips e integrados com outros componentes ?pticos e ?ptico-eletr?nicos, dando origem a sistemas mais complexos no futuro pr?ximo. O principal resultado obtido foi um filtro ?ptico passa banda com 8,6 GHz de largura de banda, baseado em an?is ressoantes assim?tricos, composto de duas estruturas de tr?s an?is de raios 5 ?m, 2,5 ?m e 5 ?m, utilizando uma ?rea de substrato de 6840 ?m2 ou 57 ?m x 120 ?m.

As futuras redes de acesso sem-fio, como a quinta geração de telefonia celular (5G), estão introduzindo e consolidando diversas tecnologias, tais como a operação em ondas milimétricas, picocélulas e o emprego massivo de antenas para diversidade espacial e temporal. Todas essas mudanças trazem desafios para a capacidade dos enlaces presentes nessas redes, como o backhaul e fronthaul. Nas últimas gerações, o ifronthaul tem utilizado Rádio-sobre-Fibra Digital (D-RoF, Digital Radio-over Fiber). Entretanto, neste novo paradigma, o processo de digitalização pode vir a consumir uma largura de banda excessiva e a transmissão analógica dos sinais de RF sobre a fibra se torna uma solução mais atrativa. Ao mesmo tempo, WDM-PON (Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Passive-Optical-Network) é uma proeminente alternativa para o futuro das PONs, especialmente considerando o seu emprego como fronthaul. Para reduzir a necessidade de diversos transmissores diferentes, várias técnicas de auto-alimentação para obtenção de fontes ópticas agnósticas em comprimento de onda têm sido propostas. O presente trabalho faz um estudo de topologias de auto-alimentação com dupla cavidade para operarem como fronthaul analógico nas futuras redes de acesso sem-fio. Simulações numéricas utilizando o software Optisystem demonstram a viabilidade destas topologias em diversos cenários previstos para estas redes de acesso, especialmente considerando a operação em ondas milimétricas. Transmissões bem sucedidas foram obtidas para sinais ASK, M-PSK e M-QAM em frequências de microondas (1,25, 2,5 e 5 GHz) e ondas milimétricas (38 e 60 GHz) com vazões de 155 Mbps a 10 Gbps utilizando modulação direta e modulação externa. / Future radio access networks, such as the fifth generation mobile network (5G), are introducing and consolidating disruptive technologies, such as millimeter wave operation, dense picocell coverage and massive use of antennas for spatial and temporal diversity. These new technologies present a challenge for the capacity of the links that are present on these networks, including backhaul and fronthaul. In the latest cellular network generations, the fronthaul was typically implemented by Digital Radio-over-Fiber (D-RoF) technique. However, in this future context, the digitalization process would require a prohibitive bandwidth and the analog transmission of RF signals over the fiber can be a more attractive solution when compared to D-RoF. At the same time, Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON) is prominent alternative for the future of PONs, especially considering its use as fronthaul. In order to avoid employing numerous distinct transmitters, several self-seeding techniques have been proposed to achieve colorless optical sources. This dissertation presents a numerical study of double-cavity self-seeding topologies to serve as analog fronthaul for future radio access networks. Numerical simulations using the software Optisystem demonstrate the feasibility of these topologies in various scenarios envisioned for these access networks, especially considering operation in millimeter waves. Successful transmission was achieved for ASK, M-PSK and M-QAM signals at microwave (1.25, 2.5 and 5 GHz) and millimeter wave (38 and 60 GHz) frequencies with throughput of 155 Mbps to 10 Gbps using direct and external modulation.

Fault localization is the process of realizing the true source of a failure from a set of collected failure notifications. Isolating failure recovery within the network optical domain is necessary to resolve alarm storm problems. The introduction of the monitoring trail (m-trail) has been proven to deliver better performance by employing monitoring resources in a form of optical trails - a monitoring framework that generalizes all the previously reported counterparts. In this dissertation, the m-trail design is explored and a focus is given to the analysis on using m-trails with established lightpaths to achieve fault localization. This process saves network resources by reducing the number of the m-trails required for fault localization and therefore the number of wavelengths used in the network. A novel approach based on Geographic Midpoint Technique, an adapted version of the Chinese Postman’s Problem (CPP) solution and an adapted version of the Traveling Salesman’s Problem (TSP) solution algorithms is introduced. The desirable features of network architectures and the enabling of innovative technologies for delivering future millimeter-waveband (mm-WB) Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems for wireless services integrated in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is proposed in this dissertation. For the conceptual illustration, a DWDM RoF system with channel spacing of 12.5 GHz is considered. The mm-WB Radio Frequency (RF) signal is obtained at each Optical Network Unit (ONU) by simultaneously using optical heterodyning photo detection between two optical carriers. The generated RF modulated signal has a frequency of 12.5 GHz. This RoF system is easy, cost-effective, resistant to laser phase noise and also reduces maintenance needs, in principle. A revision of related RoF network proposals and experiments is also included. A number of models for Passive Optical Networks (PON)/ RoF-PON that combine both innovative and existing ideas along with a number of solutions for m-trail design problem of these models are proposed. The comparison between these models uses the expected survivability function which proved that these models are liable to be implemented in the new and existing PON/ RoF-PON systems. This dissertation is followed by recommendation of possible directions for future research in this area.