Thesis (M.Sc.)(Mathematics and Applied Mathematics)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-29T18:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JerônimoV.Lopes.pdf: 1087259 bytes, checksum: 4da4a7bae04f1cc29a15660d53857c55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T18:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JerônimoV.Lopes.pdf: 1087259 bytes, checksum: 4da4a7bae04f1cc29a15660d53857c55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / Nenhuma / O spread é a diferença que os bancos cobram dos tomadores de empréstimos e pagam aos poupadores. Este tema é de suma importância para a economia do país, pois através dos empréstimos realizado pelas instituições bancárias são efetuados os investimentos necessários para o crescimento econômico. Desde 1999 o Banco Central do Brasil divulga os principais componentes do spread, que é um dos componentes da taxa de juros cobrada dos tomadores de empréstimos, que cobre as despesas das instituições financeiras, remunera os poupadores e os bancos. O assunto em questão apresenta-se em diversos estudos, porém sem um consenso entre os seus autores, sendo a taxa de juros de remuneração dos títulos do governo (Selic), juntamente com a taxa de inadimplência, as maiores influências no spread cobrado pelos bancos brasileiros. Mesmo com a queda dos juros no mercado interno no período recente e internacionalmente após a crise de 2008 as taxas cobradas pelas instituições financeiras continuam em um nível elevado, porém com modificações na composição do spread. / The spread is the difference that banks charge from borrowers and savers to pay. This topic is of paramount importance for the country's economy, as through loans made by banks are made the necessary investment to economic growth. Since 1999 the Central Bank of Brazil presents the main components of the spread, which is one of the components of the interest rate charged to borrowers, which covers the costs of financial institutions, pays savers and banks. The subject matter is presented in several studies, but without a consensus among the authors, with the interest rate of return on government bonds (Selic), along with the default rate, the major influences on the spread charged by banks Brazilians. Even with the decline in interest rates domestically and internationally in recent years after the crisis of 2008 the rates charged by financial institutions remain at a high level, but with changes in the composition of the spread.

Interactions between macroeconomic fundamentals and term structure of interest rates be stronger according to the way of changes in structure of worldwide economy. Combined macro-finance analysis determines the joint dynamics of term structure of interest rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. This thesis provides analysis of two existing macro-finance models and an original one. Parameter estimations for these three macro-finance term structure models are done for monthly Turkish data by use of an efficient recursive estimator Kalman filter. In spite of the small scale application the results are satisfactory except first model but with longer sets of macroeconomic variables and interest rate data models provide more encouraging results.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 80-82).

This final work is aimed at the concept of relationship between exchange rate and interest rate differential. The introductory part briefly describes exchange rate as a macro-economical parameter, which can be seen in many different systems of exchange rate. Next part consists of theoretical principles of uncovered interest parity and the dynamics of this process and also the process of international Fisher effect. In the analysis part the relation between interest rate and exchange rate is explored in various conditions of exchange rate arrangements in the countries of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Slovakia. The uncovered interest parity is valued by graphic analysis made by calculation of the theoretical rate based on uncovered interest parity and the off-set index rate. International Fisher effect is tested on the graph of change in exchange rate depending on the interest rate differential. The graphic analysis is followed by the analysis of linear regression. Afterwards with the use of VAR model we find not only the dependence of exchange rate on interest rate differential but also whether the interest rate differential is dependent on exchange rate or not.

This thesis aims to analyze the significance of the impact of low interest rates on profitability of banks in the Czech Republic. Profitability of banks is examined through an analysis of the financial profitability ratios on a sample of 6 banks in the period 2004 to 2014. A more detailed analysis and a better assessment of the impact of low interest rates on bank profitability are used decomposition of return on equity, which did not show the effect of low interest rates on return on assets. A more relevant indicator for assessing the impact of low interest rates is the net interest margin, reflecting a negative impact with half of all banks. The financial analysis results were confirmed in a subsequent regression analysis, which examined a variety of internal and external determinants of profitability including the impact of low interest rates. The impact of low interest rates, there was again demonstrated only in the net interest margin, but it certainly can not talk about the dominant factor.

This dissertation explores four big topics in the Austrian economic theory. Chapter 1 elucidates the Austrian theory of capital. It introduces basic tools that are further used in the analysis of the business cycle. It also clarifies some misunderstandings in this theory. Chapter 2 investigates the evolution of the interest rate over the business cycle that is predicted by the Austrian theory of economic fluctuations. Chapter 3 examines the pure time preference theory. It shows with the help of a simple neoclassical graphical and mathematical apparatus that there is a fundamental flaw in this theory. It suggests that the notions of want and good must be explicitly separated, and it concludes that the time preference as well as the subjective exchange ratio between present goods and future goods may take on any value. Chapter 4 explores the business cycle dynamics in the economy with permanently rising natural output. Simple monetary policy rule that was designed to eliminate economic fluctuations is discussed in detail.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-29T12:28:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus da Silva Fernandes.pdf: 1299404 bytes, checksum: d38378c3fd8f33e67220bf393b10b11e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T12:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus da Silva Fernandes.pdf: 1299404 bytes, checksum: d38378c3fd8f33e67220bf393b10b11e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze and propose changes in financial regulation from a Marxist-Keynesian point of view. This study is justified by the lack of social meaning in the functioning of the financial system. From the 1960s, fictitious capital began to take the productive economy more and more. Tax havens serve the wealthiest individuals and large corporations by allowing them to evade rules and taxes they would otherwise be compelled to meet. The financial crisis of 2008 let the dimension of those capitals be clear, which started to withdraw banking and financial regulation and supervision, allowing them to create new financial investments that turned non-bank institutions equivalent to bank institutions. To that end, these shadow banks were financed with customer deposits and invested in securities such as CDOs from subprime mortgages. When mortgage borrowers began to default, the entire system succumbed and carried with them the whole US economy, a priori, and the world economy after. Brazil, however, is involved in another way, by practicing the highest real rates of interest in the world. This fact allows the financial intermediaries to puncture a significant proportion of the productive wealth of families and companies, channeling it to the financial system. High rates of interest also affect the public sector by compromising the government budget with financial expenses instead of expending in public education, healthcare and infrastructure, for example. It is upon governments to restate the order of the financial sector, by enforcing laws that keep the financial system under strict supervision, and extend its scope to newly created innovations. The rates on capital gains and on fortunes should be instituted and raised and the usury crime regulated, establishing a ceiling for real rates of interest in Brazil / A presente dissertação tem objetivo de analisar e propor mudanças na regulação financeira sob a ótica marxista-keynesiana, e seu estudo se justifica pela falta do sentido social no funcionamento do sistema financeiro. A partir da década de 1960, o capital fictício passou a se apropriar cada vez mais da economia produtiva. Os paraísos fiscais servem aos indivíduos mais ricos e às grandes corporações ao permiti-los evadir de regras e tributações que, caso contrário, estariam compelidos a cumprir. A crise financeira de 2008 deixou clara a dimensão desses capitais, que passaram a operar arredios da regulação e supervisão financeira e bancária, os permitindo criar novas aplicações financeiras que tornavam instituições não-bancárias equivalentes às instituições bancárias. Para tanto, estes shadow banks se financiavam com depósitos dos clientes e aplicavam em títulos como os CDOs de hipotecas subprime. Quando os mutuários destas hipotecas começaram a calotear, todo o sistema derivado deles sucumbiu e levou consigo toda a economia dos EUA a priori, e mundial em seguida. O Brasil, contudo, se insere na finança mundial de outra forma, pela cobrança das maiores taxas de juros reais do mundo. Esse fato permite aos intermediários financeiros punçar uma relevante proporção da riqueza produtiva das famílias e das empresas, a canalizando para o sistema financeiro. Elevadas taxas de juros também afetam o setor público ao comprometer o orçamento do governo com gastos financeiros à revelia das despesas em educação, saúde e infraestrutura públicas, por exemplo. Cabe aos governos retomar a ordem do setor financeiro, pela aplicação de leis que mantenham o sistema financeiro sobre estrita supervisão, além de ampliar sua abrangência para as inovações criadas recentemente. Devem ser instituídas e elevadas as alíquotas sobre os ganhos de capital e sobre grandes fortunas e regulamentado o crime de usura, estabelecendo um teto para as taxas de juros reais no Brasil

The purpose of this paper is to examine how a current-looking Taylor rule explains the setting of the repo rate by the Riksbank between 1995-2018 vis-à-vis a forward-looking Taylor rule. Furthermore, we investigate whether the explanatory power of these rules change after the financial crisis. The implied Taylor rates are calculated using our own estimates of the natural rate of interest. These rates are then plotted on a graph creating a span of uncertainty in which the repo rate can be set between. Finally, we regress the repo rate on the Taylor rates. In this way, we examine which rule is more in line with the repo rate. The results showed that a forward-looking Taylor rule based on a varying real interest rate is more in line with the repo rate than the current-looking rule, both for the period as a whole and after 2008. The explanatory power of both rules decreases in the period following 2008.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe pateikiama bendra valstybės skolos samprata ir klasifikacija. Darbe išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai valstybės skolos struktūros kitimo bei poveikio ekonomikai tyrimai, atlikta Lietuvos Respublikos norminių aktų, reglamentuojančių Lietuvos valstybės skolą, analizė. Šiame darbe atlikta 1996 – 2010 m. Lietuvos valstybės skolos dinaminė ir struktūrinė analizė. Taip pat ištirtas ryšys tarp Lietuvos valstybės skolos ir biudžeto deficito, palūkanų normos, infliacijos lygio, bendrojo vidaus produkto ir kitų. Darbe iš dalies patvirtinama autorių suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad valstybės skola įtakoja šalies ekonomiką. / This master‘s final paper presents general overview of public debt conception and classification. It analyzes and systemizes theoretical and practical research into public debt structure range and influence on economics conducted by various Lithuanian and foreign authors, it also present an analysis of legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania that regulate the public debt of Lithuania. It analyzes Lithuanian public debt dynamic and structure in 1996 - 2010. The paper also examines relationships between Lithuanian public debt and budget deficit, rate of interest, inflationary level, GDP and others. The work approves the authors formulated research hypothesis that public debt influence national economy.