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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cílování inflace v podmínkách nízkých úrokových sazeb / Inflation targeting in circumstances of low interest rates

Vránková, Martina January 2010 (has links)
The thesis "Inflation targeting in circumstances of low interest rates" describes the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank with main aim on its current problems. The target of the thesis is to analytically prove the disruption of a section of the transmission mechanism when the repo rate should determine the interest rates on the czech interbank market. This disruption should have been caused by the recent financial crisis.
2

Effectiveness of monetary policies : A study of the Swedish repo rate between 1994 and 2019

Bjerknesli, Christoffer January 2020 (has links)
The repo rate, which is the key interest rate, set by the central banks has been declining for many years and hitting zero in Sweden in late 2014. We analyse the effectiveness on the economy from a change in the repo rate, comparing two time periods with high and low repo rate environments. We use quarterly data on GDP and its components, between 1994 and 2019. For analysing the effectiveness, we use multiple Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modelling to compute a total of 12 models. In our findings, we saw that the effectiveness of a change in repo rate has been increased in the low repo rate environment, making it harder to increase the rate without harming the economy but also increasing the effect of a decrease in the repo rate. Also, we found that the investment component of GDP may exhibit extra high effectiveness in the low repo rate environment. This method of analysing the repo rates impact on the economy could be used for decision makers regarding monetary policies.
3

Repo Rates and Private Consumption in Sweden from 1995-2019 : An analysis of negative repo rates with regards to private consumption

Söderström Hallberg, Jacob, Xu, Zixuan January 2020 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to examine whether repo rates have any impact on private consumption in Sweden. After the financial crisis in 2008, the repo rates in some periods become negative. Whether negative repo rates have impact on private consumption is an additional analysis in the thesis. In the theoretical framework the IS-LM model and some explicit hypothesis are derived. In the empirical part, data for repo rate, income, inflation and saving in Sweden are collected from 1995 to 2019 with a time unit of quarterly data. With the collected data one multiple linear regression is estimated and one additional test where the same model is modified with a dummy variable that isolates the periods with negative repo rates. In line with the theoretical prediction, the first multiple linear regression result exhibits that the repo rate has statistically significant negative impact on private consumption. The second multiple linear regression with the dummy variable shows that the impact of negative repo rates is not different from positive repo rate. Limitations and shortcomings are discussed in the section limitations and weaknesses.
4

Söka bostad online- En studie av sökbeteendet hos Sveriges bostadsökare / Searching for a home online- A study of search behavior of Swedish home speculators

Dahlberg, Mattias, Lövstedt, Tobias January 2013 (has links)
Utvecklingen inom förmedling av bostäder har gått snabbt sedan internet blev en del av vår vardag. Idag vänder vi oss online för att hitta vår nya bostad och detta ger möjligheten att följa bostadsmarknaden på ett helt nytt sätt. Denna uppsats undersöker relationen mellan Sveriges bostadsköpares sökbeteende på Sveriges utan tvekan största bostadssöksajt Hemnet och Riksbankens räntebesked. Genom att analysera det totala antalet sökningar gjorda på bostadsrätter, hus och fritidshus vid av Riksbanken rapporterade räntehöjningar, räntesänkningar samt en lämnad oförändrad reporänta försöker författarna se om sökbeteendet ändras. Sökbeteendet fyller funktionen av en ny möjlig indikator för efterfrågan på den Svenska bostadsmarknaden. Den statistik som undersöks sträcker sig från tidsperioden april 2011 till april 2013. Resultatet av studien visar att Riksbankens räntebeslut, oavsett karaktär, inte ger någon effekt på antalet sökningar. Vad som istället kan observeras är att det finns en stark veckovis trend där måndagar är den dag med absolut flest sökningar. Antalet sökningar avtar sedan varje dag fram tills en form av botten på lördagen för att sedan ta ett kliv uppåt på söndag. De som söker bostad i Sverige påverkas inte av små, kortsiktiga ränteförändringar. Med en historiskt låg ränta samt en långsiktig planering av bostadsköp är det troligt att ränteförändringarna under denna period inte har någon inverkan på viljan att söka bostad. Sett till ränteration, förhållandet mellan ränteutgift och disponibel inkomst, finns även där utrymme för högre räntebetalningar. Uppsatsen har använt en ny metod att analysera efterfrågan på bostadsmarknaden. Den bidrar / The development of how we are marketing homes for sale has been rapid since the Internet became part of our daily lives. Today, we turn online to find our new home and this gives the opportunity to follow the housing market in a whole new way. This paper examines the relationship between search behavior on housing at Hemnet, Sweden's biggest online marketplace for homes, and the announcements of interest rate change by the Riksbank. By analyzing the total number of searches done on condominiums, villas and cottages at an by the Riksbank reported increased, decreased and unchanged interest rate, the authors will observe if there is a change in the search behavior. These types of search behavior for houses can work as a new indicator of demand in the Swedish housing market. The statistics that are examined range from April 2011 to April 2013. The results of the study show that the Riksbank's interest rate decisions, regardless of character, have no effect on the number of searches. What on the other hand is observed is that there is a strong weekly trend in the data. Monday is the day with the most searches. The searches then decreases each day until they bottom out on Saturday to later take a step up on Sundays. Those who are looking for housing in Sweden stay unaffected by small, short-term changes of interest. With historically low interest rates and long-term planning of home purchases, it is likely that changes in interest rates during this period has no effect on the willingness to search for housing. The interest ratio, the ratio of interest expenditure and disposable income, can also explain that people are still able to handle higher interest payments. The paper has used a new method to analyze the demand for housing. It provides inspiration for further research in a topic that has great potential.
5

Makrofaktorers påverkan på den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden / Makrofaktorers påverkan på kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden

Fredriksson, Veronica, Winkler, Josefin January 2015 (has links)
Den 18 februari i år fick Sverige en negativ reporänta. Ett historiskt ögonblick i Sveriges ekonomiska historia. I detta arbete har vi valt att fokusera på hur den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden kommer att påverkas av denna händelse. Den kommersiella fastighetsmarknadens rörelse är inte beroende av enbart en variabel utan av flera. Som i sin tur är mer eller mindre beroende av varandra. BNP och reporäntan är två av dessa variabler som påverkar den studerade marknaden. I arbetet valdes fyra scenarion ut där BNP och reporäntan befann sig i olika lägen under 2000-talet. Dessa fyra scenarion leder fram till en diskussion angående ett eventuellt samband mellan de olika faktorerna och makrofaktorernas rörelse. Vi studerar även om vi på grund av detta eventuella samband kan förutsäga framtiden. Den framtid som förväntas kantas av en sjunkande negativ reporänta och en växande ekonomisk tillväxt. Efter att ha genomfört studien kan vi utläsa ett samband mellan våra utvalda makrofaktorer och den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden. Ett tydligt mönster, vid en sammanställning av resultaten från våra scenarion, har inte hittats och kan därför inte användas i en argumentation kring följden av reporäntans nu negativa värde. Resonemanget förs dock kring att den negativa reporäntan och dagens ekonomiska tillväxt kommer påverka den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden positivt snarare än negativt. / On 18th of February this year, the Swedish central bank set a negative repo rate. This was a historic moment in Sweden's economic history. In this paper, we have chosen to focus on how the commercial property market will be affected by this event. The commercial property market movements is not dependent on only one variable, but a set of dependent and independent variables. GDP and the repo rate are two variables that affect the studied market. In this essay, four different scenarios were chosen where GDP and the repo rate were in different positions during the 2000s. These four scenarios lead to a discussion about a possible relationship between the commercial property market- and the macro factors movement. The paper also discusses if the future can be predicted, because of a possible relationship. The future that is expected to consist of a sinking negative repo rate and an economic growth. After conducting the study, the paper concludes that there is a strong connection between our selected macro factors and the commercial property market. Although, a clear pattern, after a summary of the results of our scenarios, has not been found and therefore cannot be used in an argument about the result of the negative repo rate. The conclusion is, however, that the negative repo rate and today's economic growth will affect the commercial property market positively rather than negatively
6

The Effect of Conventional Monetary Policy on Stock Market Prices in Sweden : Stock Market Reaction to Announcements of Repo Rate Changes Made by the Swedish Central Bank

Davidsson, Viktor January 2022 (has links)
The reaction of asset prices to monetary policy is essential for investors andpolicymakers. However, previous research on the area in Sweden is limited, and there isno evidence of any impact on stock market prices from repo rate changes. This study estimates how stock market indices respond to repo rate changes, including different sector indices. The repo rate is the primary interest rate tool for the Swedish central bank. The utilised methodology is based on previous studies and follows a regression methodology. The paper's findings are that some sectoral stock market indices are affected by changes in repo rate. Bank and Financial sector indexes are positivelyaffected, while Health, Technology, Construction & Materials, Mid Cap, Small Cap,and Financial Services indices are negative. The result is estimated using two different variables for expectations of repo rate changes. The results are justified using a larger sample, including all monetary policy meetings. The results do only have a slight change in coefficients. This paper can be used to further investigate the impact of monetary policy on asset prices in Sweden.
7

Could confidence predict households’ debt growth?

Hübbert, Alexander, Lindström, Linda January 2019 (has links)
This thesis analyses if households’ confidence could be a significant variable to predicthouseholds’ debt growth in Sweden. Households’ debts have an important role in thefinancial system where the vulnerability of households’ debts has increased over time.To test whether households’ confidence is a significant variable for the prediction ofhouseholds’ debt growth in Sweden, an econometric model with the households’ debtchange as the dependent variable and the changes in the repo rate, unemployment, grossdomestic product and consumer confidence index as independent variables was used.Consumer confidence index was used as a proxy variable for households’ confidence.It was lagged by one time period in order to quantify if consumer confidence indexcould, with previous value, predict the households’ debt growth. The result showed thatthe households’ confidence was not significant to predict the households’ debt growth. / Denna uppsats har analyserat om hushållens förtroende är en signifikant variabel för attförutse hushållens skuldtillväxt i Sverige. De svenska hushållens skulder har ensignifikant betydelse för den svenska ekonomin. Men sårbarheten för dessa skulder harökat med tiden. För att testa om hushållens förtroende är en signifikant variabel för attförutse hushållens skuldtillväxt i Sverige har en ekonometrisk modell med förändringeni hushållens skulder som en beroende variabel och förändringen i reporäntan,arbetslöshet, bruttonationalprodukten och konsumentförtroendeindex som oberoendevariabler. Konsumentförtroendeindex användes som en ersättare för att mäta hushållensförtroende används. Den var fördröjd med en tidsperiod för att kunna testa omhushållens föregående uppfattningar påverkade framtida skuldtillväxt för hushållen.Resultaten från regressionsanalysen antyder på att hushållens förtroende inte är ensignifikant variabel för att kunna förutse hushållens skuldtillväxt.
8

Is Swedish monetary policy current or forward-looking? : A study using Taylor rules to explain the setting of the repo rate

Veskoukis, Andreas, Willman, Anna January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this paper is to examine how a current-looking Taylor rule explains the setting of the repo rate by the Riksbank between 1995-2018 vis-à-vis a forward-looking Taylor rule. Furthermore, we investigate whether the explanatory power of these rules change after the financial crisis. The implied Taylor rates are calculated using our own estimates of the natural rate of interest. These rates are then plotted on a graph creating a span of uncertainty in which the repo rate can be set between. Finally, we regress the repo rate on the Taylor rates. In this way, we examine which rule is more in line with the repo rate. The results showed that a forward-looking Taylor rule based on a varying real interest rate is more in line with the repo rate than the current-looking rule, both for the period as a whole and after 2008. The explanatory power of both rules decreases in the period following 2008.
9

The impact of Sweden ́s Negative Repo Rate on FDI : A quantitative analysis of how Sweden’s monetary policy has affected foreign direct investments

Olsson, Sanna, Jungnelius, Gustaf January 2019 (has links)
Sweden’s central bank implemented a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) in 2015, one year after adopting a zero-interest rate policy. Due to the monetary policy’s untested framework,experts are divided on the effectiveness of such a policy as well as its fortitude when faced with an economic recession. The lack of research on how the interest rate affects various economic metrics has left ample room for analysis and discussion on the subject. The aim ofthis thesis is to analyze how Sweden’s monetary policy has affected the flow of foreign directinvestments (FDI). Specifically, the paper will be focused on discovering the effect of theRiksbank’s negative repo rate policy on net FDI inflows between 2006 and 2017. Our quantitative analysis found no significant relationship between Sweden’s repo rate and itsFDI inflows. However, significance was found in the variables exchange rate, research and development expenditures, corporate taxes, and wages.
10

Vad styr företagens investeringar?En studie om hur förändringar i reporänta, makroekonomiska faktorer samt finansiella indikatorer påverkar investeringar hos svenska företag / What determines investments of firms?A study on how changes in the repo rate, macroeconomics factors and financial indicators affect investments of Swedish firms

Jansson, Emelie, Kapple, Linda January 2015 (has links)
Bakgrund: I november 2014 beslutade Riksbanken att ta steget mot en nollränta och i februari 2015 gick Riksbanken ut med ytterligare en sänkning till -0,10 procent. På så vis fick Sverige för första gången en negativ reporänta. Enligt makroekonomisk teori ska en sänkning av reporäntan stimulera konsumtion och investeringar i ekonomin. Huruvida reporäntan och dess räntesänkningar skapar förutsättningar för företag att investera är ett aktuellt och viktigt forskningsområde. Forskningen i ämnet är tunn på den svenska marknaden och således är forskningsbidraget från denna studie av betydelse.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera hur förändringar i reporänta, makro-ekonomiska faktorer samt finansiella indikatorer påverkar investeringar hos svenska företag.Genomförande: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod. En Vector Autoregressive model har skapats för att redogöra hur reporäntan, de makroekonomiska faktorerna och de finansiella indikatorerna påverkar företagens investeringar. För att möjliggöra en analys av dessa effekter har impulse response functions skattats i modellen. På så vis undersöks det hur en isolerad enhetsökning i de valda variablerna påverkar företagens investeringar över flera tidsperioder. För att genomföra en mer omfattande analys skattas tre modeller där den första tar hänsyn till både makroekonomiska faktorer och finansiella indikatorer. Den andra modellen exkluderar de finansiella indikatorerna och den tredje modellen speglar reporäntans utveckling i två olika tidsperioder.Resultat: Företagens investeringar påverkas av flertalet faktorer. En enhetsökning av utlåningsräntan, växelkursen och företagens inflationsförväntningar uppvisar ett signifikant negativt samband. En enhetsökning av BNP-tillväxten visar däremot ett signifikant positivt samband. Reporäntan visar ingen direkt effekt på investeringar i de första två modellerna. Däremot uppvisar reporäntan skillnader i den tredje modellen, där ett negativt samband förekommer i den första av de två observerade tidsperioderna. / Background: The central bank of Sweden decided in November 2014 to set the repo rate close to zero. Further they decided to lower the repo rate to -0,10 percent in February 2015. In regard to this, Sweden had a negative repo rate for the first time. According to macroeconomic theory a decrease in the repo rate is performed to stimulate an economy’s investments and consumptions. Whether or not a decrease in interest rates gives greater incentives for firms to invest is a topical subject and an important field of research. In addition to this, the existing research on the Swedish market is insufficient within this field, which gives us further motives to conduct this study.Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse how changes in the repo rate, macroeconomic factors and financial indicators affects investments of Swedish firms.Completion: The study is conducted with a quantitative approach. A Vector Autoregressive model is created in order to examine the impact of changes in the repo rate, the macroeconomic factors and the financial indicators on firms’ investments. Impulse response functions are estimated to allow a further analysis of these effects. Hence, it is conceivable to examine how one isolated unit-increase in a specific variable affects firms’ investment through several time periods. Furthermore, we estimate three models, one which includes both macroeconomic variables and financial indicators and another which excludes the financial indicators. The last model reflects the repo rate’s impact on investments in two separate time periods.Result: Investments of firms are affected by numerous of factors. One unit-increase of the lending rate, the exchange rate and firms’ expectations of inflation exhibit a negative relation to investments. Furthermore, one unit-increase in GDP-growth tends to increase investments. However, the repo rate has no impact on investments in the first two models. In spite of this, evidence from the third model indicates that the repo rate has a negative impact on investments during the first period.

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