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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Analyse et amélioration des performances d’un système complexe par pilotage et par re-conception / Performance analysis and improvement of a complex system through control and re-design

Samet, Bacem 11 March 2019 (has links)
Les systèmes complexes à longue durée de service sont des systèmes de grande taille qui ont généralement un comportement stochastique. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions, particulièrement, un type de ces systèmes : le système de vélos en libre-service. Le principe de fonctionnement de ce service de transports est de disposer des vélos dans diverses stations de la ville. Les usagers viennent prendre des vélos pour effectuer un trajet et puis les déposent dans des stations quelconques.Comme la durée d’exploitation de ces systèmes est longue, de nouveaux besoins (par exemple l’attractivité de station) et une dégradation de performance peuvent survenir. Un outil d’aide à la décision est ainsi nécessaire pour analyser et améliorer la performance par des opérations de pilotage (p.ex. changement de la taille de flotte) ou de re-conception (p.ex. changement de la capacité d’une station). L’approche suivie, pour cette finalité, est la modélisation stochastique en utilisant un réseau de files d’attente possédant des files à capacités limitées et un mécanisme de blocage. La méthode de résolution du modèle proposé est définie dans les travaux de Kouvatsos (1994). Notre cas d’étude est un sous-réseau de 20 stations du système Vélib’ de Paris. L’analyse de la performance suite aux changements exogènes et aux opérations d’amélioration (pilotage et re-conception), nous a permis de déduire un ensemble de préconisations qui peuvent améliorer les performances du système. Comme la méthode de résolution de ce modèle possède une complexité importante, nous proposons une méthode d’agrégation des stations pour réduire la taille du problème en ayant des erreurs maîtrisables. Cette méthode est implémentée et évaluée pour un système particulier où tous les paramètres sont homogènes. Enfin, l’étude de cette méthode pour un système non-homogène et d’autres perspectives sont proposées pour étendre ces travaux de recherche. / Complex systems having a long period of service are large scale systems that typically have stochastic behavior. In this thesis, we study, in particular, one type of these systems: the Bike Sharing System. The operating principle of this transport service consists of a fleet of bikes disposed in various stations. The users come to take bicycles to use them for their trip and then bring them back in any stations.As these systems are supposed to operate for long periods, new requirements can overcome (eg. station attractiveness) and performance degradation may occur. A decision support tool is thus required to analyze and improve the performance by control operations (eg. fleet size change) or re-design (eg. changing the capacity of a station).The stochastic modeling approach is used through a network of queues with limited capacity queues and a blocking mechanism. The resolution method of the proposed model is defined in the research work of Kouvatsos (1994).The case study is a sub-network of 20 Vélib's stations in Paris. The performance analysis according to exogenous changes and improvement operations (control and re-design) allowed us to deduce recommendations that can improve the performance of the system.As the method of solving this model has a great complexity, we propose a method of aggregation of the stations to reduce the size of the problem by having controllable errors. This method is implemented and evaluated for a particular system where all the parameters are homogeneous. Finally, the study of this method for a non-homogeneous system and other perspectives are proposed to extend this research work.
32

Revitalizing a Company Classic : The Story of Revitalizing a Company Classic Using a Practical Method of Design

Hellberg, Mats January 2016 (has links)
The main purpose of this report is to analyze a practical method of design while doing an innovation project connected to a specific armchair. The aim is to re-vitalize the pre-existing product. This project is done within the context of a specific furniture producer. This report describes theories about practical methods of design and how the practical intellect is used in a creative process. It also contains background research about classics. The background research is based on a brief literature review on the subject as well as interviews with professionals within the field of furniture design.  A few factors that can be said to characterize what makes a classic are suggested. The development of a specific armchair is described. Earlier projects where practical methods of design have been used are also described. The practical methods of design used in this project are described. The main method for this is making physical models by hand together with hand sketching.  The design process of developing a new product is described and discussed. As a final result visualizations and a description of a suggestion of how one can re-vitalize the specific armchair are shown. The outcomes and learning from using a practical method of design are discussed. The final suggestion is analyzed according to the factors suggested in the background research to characterize what makes a classic.

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