Acompanha: Caderno de atividades sobre operações de pensamento para leitura competente de textos por estudantes do Ensino Médio: produto educacional / A preocupação com o fato do baixo desempenho de leitura pelos alunos de diferentes níveis de escolaridade e a crença de que não adianta somente ficar reclamando das condições ofertadas pelo sistema educacional ou do desinteresse dos alunos pelas atividades de compreensão de textos levaram a pesquisadora a elaborar uma proposta didática de trabalho com leitura na escola. Acredita-se que essa proposta, assim como outras já existentes, possa contribuir para um melhor desempenho dos alunos na compreensão de textos escolares e não escolares. Nesse sentido, este trabalho acadêmico-científico teve por objetivos elaborar, aplicar e analisar um produto educacional que consiste em um caderno de atividades didáticas, referentes às distintas operações de pensamento - comparação, classificação, argumentação, hipótese e definição, que auxilie o professor de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio a desenvolver em seus aprendizes uma leitura mais eficaz de textos. O embasamento teórico é constituído de princípios da Linguística Textual, Linguística Aplicada e Psicologia Cognitiva e Comportamental. A metodologia implica em uma pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica, descritiva, experimental e analítica. Como referencial teórico, apoiou-se em autores como Raths (1977); Bamberger (1995); Colomer e Camps (2002); Kleiman (2013); Koch e Elias (2012); Solé (1998); entre outros. O material didático foi aplicado aos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, em 2015. Foram cinco encontros com duas horas de aula em cada um deles. Houve uma aceitação e participação positiva por parte dos aprendizes. Os resultados demonstraram uma apropriação satisfatória dos estudantes sobre as operações de pensamento estudadas e a sua utilização consciente como estratégia para chegar ao entendimento global de variados textos. Esse processo tornou os alunos leitores mais amadurecidos não só com textos de cunho escolar, mas também com textos de outras esferas do cotidiano social. Portanto, a proposta didática desta dissertação apresenta-se viável e produtiva para desenvolver a competência leitora nos estudantes do Ensino Médio. / The concern about the low reading performance by students of different levels of education and the belief that it is useless only be complaining about the conditions offered by the educational system or the lack of interest of students by the reading comprehension activities led the researcher to develop a didactic proposal to work with reading in school. It is believed that this proposal, as well as other ones, can contribute to a better performance of the students in understanding of school and non-school texts. In this sense, this academic and scientific study aimed to create, implement and analyze an educational product that consists of a notebook of educational activities relating to the different thought operations - comparison, classification, reasoning, hypothesis and definition, to assist the High School Portuguese teacher to develop in his/her students a proficient reading skill. The theoretical basis consists of Textual Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology principles. This study’s methodology involved field, literature, descriptive, experimental and analytical research. This study was based on authors like Raths (1977); Bamberger (1995); Colomer and Camps (2002); Kleiman (2013); Koch and Elias (2012); Sole (1998); among others. The material was applied with students from the 2nd year of High School of a public school in the city of Londrina, Parana state, in 2015. There were five meetings with two hours duration each. There was an acceptance and positive participation by the learners. The results showed a satisfactory comprehension by the students on the studied thought operations and its use as a conscious strategy to reach comprehensive understanding of several texts. This process has made the readers more mature not only with school texts, but also with texts from other areas of everyday social life. Therefore, the didactic purpose of this dissertation presented viable and productive to develop reading skills in high school students.

Acompanha: Caderno de atividades sobre operações de pensamento para leitura competente de textos por estudantes do Ensino Médio: produto educacional / A preocupação com o fato do baixo desempenho de leitura pelos alunos de diferentes níveis de escolaridade e a crença de que não adianta somente ficar reclamando das condições ofertadas pelo sistema educacional ou do desinteresse dos alunos pelas atividades de compreensão de textos levaram a pesquisadora a elaborar uma proposta didática de trabalho com leitura na escola. Acredita-se que essa proposta, assim como outras já existentes, possa contribuir para um melhor desempenho dos alunos na compreensão de textos escolares e não escolares. Nesse sentido, este trabalho acadêmico-científico teve por objetivos elaborar, aplicar e analisar um produto educacional que consiste em um caderno de atividades didáticas, referentes às distintas operações de pensamento - comparação, classificação, argumentação, hipótese e definição, que auxilie o professor de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio a desenvolver em seus aprendizes uma leitura mais eficaz de textos. O embasamento teórico é constituído de princípios da Linguística Textual, Linguística Aplicada e Psicologia Cognitiva e Comportamental. A metodologia implica em uma pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica, descritiva, experimental e analítica. Como referencial teórico, apoiou-se em autores como Raths (1977); Bamberger (1995); Colomer e Camps (2002); Kleiman (2013); Koch e Elias (2012); Solé (1998); entre outros. O material didático foi aplicado aos alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, em 2015. Foram cinco encontros com duas horas de aula em cada um deles. Houve uma aceitação e participação positiva por parte dos aprendizes. Os resultados demonstraram uma apropriação satisfatória dos estudantes sobre as operações de pensamento estudadas e a sua utilização consciente como estratégia para chegar ao entendimento global de variados textos. Esse processo tornou os alunos leitores mais amadurecidos não só com textos de cunho escolar, mas também com textos de outras esferas do cotidiano social. Portanto, a proposta didática desta dissertação apresenta-se viável e produtiva para desenvolver a competência leitora nos estudantes do Ensino Médio. / The concern about the low reading performance by students of different levels of education and the belief that it is useless only be complaining about the conditions offered by the educational system or the lack of interest of students by the reading comprehension activities led the researcher to develop a didactic proposal to work with reading in school. It is believed that this proposal, as well as other ones, can contribute to a better performance of the students in understanding of school and non-school texts. In this sense, this academic and scientific study aimed to create, implement and analyze an educational product that consists of a notebook of educational activities relating to the different thought operations - comparison, classification, reasoning, hypothesis and definition, to assist the High School Portuguese teacher to develop in his/her students a proficient reading skill. The theoretical basis consists of Textual Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology principles. This study’s methodology involved field, literature, descriptive, experimental and analytical research. This study was based on authors like Raths (1977); Bamberger (1995); Colomer and Camps (2002); Kleiman (2013); Koch and Elias (2012); Sole (1998); among others. The material was applied with students from the 2nd year of High School of a public school in the city of Londrina, Parana state, in 2015. There were five meetings with two hours duration each. There was an acceptance and positive participation by the learners. The results showed a satisfactory comprehension by the students on the studied thought operations and its use as a conscious strategy to reach comprehensive understanding of several texts. This process has made the readers more mature not only with school texts, but also with texts from other areas of everyday social life. Therefore, the didactic purpose of this dissertation presented viable and productive to develop reading skills in high school students.

Esta dissertação teve como principal objetivo a elaboração de uma proposta de transposição didática de alguns conceitos da Teoria da Argumentação na Língua, de Oswald Ducrot, Jean-Claude Anscombre e Marion Carel, com vistas a fornecer subsídios para que estudantes do Ensino Superior aperfeiçoem o desenvolvimento das habilidades de compreensão leitora dos articuladores mas e embora. Parti da hipótese de que um número significante de universitários ainda precisa aprimorar suas habilidades linguístico-discursivas, para serem proficientes no uso do código escrito, suporte no alcance de seus objetivos de vida. A investigação configurou-se como uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-metodológico e teve por base principalmente pressupostos teóricos de Saussure, Ducrot, Anscombre, Carel, Azevedo, Vigotski, Chevallard, Álvarez, dentre outros estudiosos em Semântica Argumentativa, educação, transposição didática, aprendizagem e ensino de língua. A linguística saussuriana e a Teoria da Argumentação na Língua forneceram subsídios para a descrição semântica dos articuladores mas e embora. Os estudos sobre transposição didática, de Chevallard e Álvarez, foram redimensionados para a proposta de transformação didática, elaborada por Azevedo, visto que a aprendizagem de uma língua pressupõe o desenvolvimento de habilidades e não a formação de conceitos. Acredito que a partir desta proposta, novos direcionamentos metodológicos poderão ser pensados em relação ao desenvolvimento das habilidades pressupostas pela compreensão em leitura em diferentes níveis de ensino. / The primary purpose of this study was to develop a proposal for the didactic transposition of some concepts from the Language Argumentation Theory, by Oswald Ducrot, Jean-Claude Anscombre and Marion Carel, in order to provide undergraduate students with resources to improve their reading comprehension skills of the articulators but and although. The fact that a significant number of students still need to master their linguistic and discursive abilities so as to be proficient in written language usage, support to life goals achievements, was assumption of the research. This thesis has a theoretical and methodological approach, mainly founded on the framework of Saussure, Ducrot, Anscombre, Carel, Azevedo, Vigotski, Chevallard, Álvarez, among other scholars of Argumentative Semantics, education, didactic transposition, language learning and teaching. Saussure’s linguistics and the Language Argumentation Theory based the semantic description of the articulators but and although. The studies on didactic transposition, by Chevallard e Álvarez, were revised for the proposal of the didactic transformation, developed by Azevedo, since language learning implies the development of abilities and not concept formation. I reckon that, from this investigation, new methodological directions might be thought towards the development of abilities implied in reading comprehension in all educational levels.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_joana_darc.pdf: 2627665 bytes, checksum: 4f1b720901cbbb6625e1e456d94bc9df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / Each day is demanded that the readers are proficient and present language domain abilities to make possible the full social participation and the school has the attribution of forming readers. Considering the difficulties presented by that Brazilian students had in reading and understanding in all education levels, the interest of this research appeared. In that sense, this dissertation aims to analyze what form has been worked the reading at school, for the teachers in the first and the second cycles final years of learning under the proficient readers' perspective formation. Then the theoretical language sciences contribution was used, the psycholinguistic and more specifically of the textual linguistics, that it proposes the investigation of the constitution, of the operation, of the production and of the understanding of the texts in use. It was characterized as a qualitative research, based on documental analysis, observation of the classes of six subject with registrations in the field diary and interview narrative. The analysis of the data indicated there to be different theoretical-methodological perspectives regarding the reading work and readers' formation. In one of them work him/it of readers' formation privileges the reading as decoding. In the other perspective, the reading is observed as a process of construction of senses, favoring the proficient reader's formation Those data appear for the need of a larger investment in the public net, with focus in the teachers' preparation to form critical readers. They also appear for the socialization in net of the significant experiences in the sense of the accomplishment of a work of proficient readers formation. / A cada dia exige-se que os leitores sejam proficientes e que apresentem habilidades de domínio da linguagem que possibilitem a plena participação social, cabendo à escola a atribuição de formar esses leitores. Considerando as dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes brasileiros, em todos os níveis de escolaridade, em realizar a leitura tendo em vista a compreensão, surgiu o interesse desta pesquisa. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar de que forma tem sido trabalhada a leitura na escola, pelos professores dos anos finais do primeiro e segundo ciclos de aprendizagem sob a perspectiva da formação de leitores proficientes. Para tanto, utilizou-se o aporte teórico das ciências da linguagem, da psicolinguística e mais especificamente da linguística textual, que propõe a investigação da constituição, do funcionamento, da produção e da compreensão dos textos em uso. Caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em análise documental, observação das aulas de seis sujeitos com registros no diário de campo e entrevista narrativa. A análise dos dados indicou haver diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas a respeito do trabalho de leitura e formação de leitores. Em uma delas o trabalho de formação de leitores privilegia a leitura como decodificação. Na outra perspectiva, observa-se a leitura como processo de construção de sentidos, favorecendo a formação do leitor proficiente. Esses dados apontam para a necessidade de um investimento maior na rede pública, com foco na preparação dos professores para formar leitores críticos. Apontam também para a socialização em rede das experiências significativas no sentido da realização de um trabalho de formação de leitores proficientes

The purpose of this project will be to supply teachers, specifically those of second grade students, with a variety of activities that match to appropriate comprehension strategies using California Young Reader Medal nominated books for the year 2000 at the primary level as read-alouds.

First-year composition (FYC) courses are a backbone of undergraduate instruction, with nearly every institution of higher education requiring a version of the course. The majority of FYC courses assign reading, especially the reading of contemporary essays, for students to respond to in their own writing. However, a common concern among compositionists who focus on reading is that composition studies as a whole does not, and has not, focused enough on reading theories and pedagogies in FYC. Using a method of close reading and analyses, and borrowing from post-qualitative research the idea of reflexivity, this study examines texts in composition studies and adjacent fields, published primarily from the mid-20th century to the present, to explore how reading is, and has been, understood in relationship to writing and composition. Further, this study explores pedagogical and theoretical consequences of the “place” of reading in FYC. It ultimately contends that the marginalization of reading in composition studies as well as FYC limits both the pedagogical and reading possibilities of this universally required course.

Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Given that the South African government intends to improve its literacy rates by implementing Guided Reading in the primary schools, teachers are challenged to give good quality Guided Reading instruction. This study evaluates how teachers understand and implement Guided Reading in Grade 1 and 2 at three public schools in the Western Cape. It discusses how Guided Reading can be a teaching context in which children learn to construct meaning independently from text. In addition, the study gives explanation on how to implement Guided Reading into classrooms. To gather data on teachers’ current understanding and implementation of Guided Reading, a Guided Reading Self-Assessment Inventory was used (Fountas & Pinnell 1996:283-285). Data were also drawn from observations of teachers during their Guided Reading instruction. Analysis of the abovementioned quantitative and qualitative research data, indicate that teachers have a superficial understanding of Guided Reading. The new policy requirements for Guided Reading appear to fail to offer teachers a sufficient explanation of Guided Reading. Without clear explanation of Guided Reading and practical support, it is expected that South African teachers will continue with their traditional reading instruction, because they do not fully understand the concept and value of Guided Reading. This study suggests that South African teachers struggle to implement Guided Reading in their classrooms, because they do not create Guided Reading groups based on ongoing assessment and they do not have access to leveled Guided Reading books. Without addressing these basic requirements, it is unlikely that Guided Reading will be implemented with any success in South African classrooms. An overriding conclusion is that Guided Reading instruction needs further research before it can be implemented correctly on a large scale in the primary schools of South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse regering se besluit om begeleide lees “Guided Reading” in primêre skole te implimenteer om gelettertheid te bevorder, plaas ‘n groot verantwoordelikheid op onderwysers om hierdie leesbenadering op die juiste manier aan te bied. Hierdie navorsing fokus op Graad 1- en 2- onderwysers se begrip en uitvoering van begeleide lees in drie publieke skole in die Wes-Kaap. Die studie poog om onderwysers bewus te maak dat begeleide lees ‘n raamwerk kan wees waarbinne kinders leer om met begrip te lees asook om hoe hierdie leesbenadering te implementeer. Om data in te samel oor die huidige stand van uitvoering van begeleidelees is gebruik gemaak van ‘n “Guided Reading Self-Assessment Inventory” (Fountas & Pinnell 1996:283-285). Waarnemings is ook gemaak van onderwysers se begeleide lees onderrig. Die analisering van die data dui op Suid Afrikaanse onderwysers se gebrekkige begrip van begeleide lees, tot ‘n mate as gevolg van onduidelike beleidsdokumente. Sonder duidelike instruksie en ondersteuning aan onderwysers is dit te verwagte dat hulle sal terugval op hul tradisionele onderrigmetodes, terwyl die volle waarde van begeleide lees hulle ontgaan. Die studie bevind dat onderwysers die leesbenadering nie korrek tot uitvoering kan bring nie omdat hulle nie hul kinders in groepe plaas aan die hand van deurlopende evaluering nie, maar ook weens ‘n tekort aan geskikte onderrigmateriaal. Die sukses van begeleide lees is onwaarskynlik indien hierdie tekorte nie aangespreek word nie. Die oorheersende slotsom van die studie is dat verdere navorsing in die onderrig van begeleide lees nodig is voordat dit op groot skaal ingestel kan word by alle primêre skole in Suid Afrika.

Thesis (MEdPsych )--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adequate literacy skills form the basis for learning and development. Unfortunately, a lack of adequate literacy skills is a world-wide tendency. Literacy in South Africa is part of this problem. The Department of Basic Education has, since 2000, been using the National Systemic Evaluation (NSE) to determine the level of learners' literacy skills. This evaluation takes place in grades 3 and 6 every alternate year. The latest evaluation indicated that the number of Intermediate Phase learners in South Africa who do not have the required literacy skills has increased over the last few years. The school where this research was undertaken also experiences problems with learners whose literacy skills are not up to standard. The results of the National Systemic Evaluation (NSE) of 2005 indicate that only 30% of the grade 6 learners in the school are able to read and write at the required age level. As a result, a large percentage of the learners' reading and writing skills can be compared to learners in the Foundation Phase. Teachers in the Intermediate Phase have indicated that they do not have sufficient knowledge and self-confidence to support learners whose literacy skills are comparable with those in the Foundation Phase. It is within this frame of reference that I developed a support programme for teachers who teach in the Intermediate Phase. The aim of the research was to evaluate the efficacy of the Literacy Support Programme (GOP) for the Intermediate Phase. The study will determine if the teachers' self-confidence, skills and strategies for literacy support have improved. Transformation of the learners' backlog cannot take place before their teachers' self-confidence to support them has improved dramatically. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voldoende geletterdheidsvaardighede vorm die basis van leer en ontwikkeling. Ongelukkig is 'n gebrek aan voldoende geletterdheidsvaardighede 'n wêreldwye tendens. Suid-Afrika ondervind ook hierdie probleem. Die Departement van Onderwys gebruik sedert 2000 die Nasionale Sistemiese Evaluering (NSE) om die vlak van leerders se geletterdheidsvaardighede te bepaal. Hierdie evaluering vind al om die ander jaar in graad 3 en 6 plaas. Die evaluering het getoon dat die aantal Intermediêre Fase-leerders in Suid-Afrikaanse skole wat nie oor voldoende geletterdheidsvaardighede beskik nie, die afgelope paar jaar toegeneem het. Die skool waar hierdie navorsing gedoen is ondervind ook probleme met leerders se geletterheidsvaardighede wat nie op standaard is nie. Die sistemiese evalueringsuitslae van 2005 het getoon dat slegs 30% van die Graad 6-leerders in dié skool volgens hul ouderdomsvlak kan lees en skryf. Gevolglik is daar 'n baie groot persentasie leerders wie se lees- en skryfvaardighede met leerders in die Grondslagfase (GF) vergelyk kan word. Die onderwysers in die Intermediêre Fase het aangedui dat hulle nie oor genoeg kennis of selfvertroue beskik om leerders te ondersteun wie se geletterdheidsvaardighede steeds met die van die Grondslagfase vergelyk kan word nie. Dit is binne hierdie verwysingsraamwerk dat ek 'n ondersteuningsprogram vir onderwysers van die Intermediêre Fase ontwikkel het. Die doel van die navorsingstudie was om die effektiwiteit van die Geletterdheidsondersteuningprogram (GOP) vir die Intermediêre Fase te evalueer. Die studie wil bepaal of die onderwysers se selfvertroue en vaardighede/strategieë vir geletterdheidsondersteuning in die Intermediêre Fase verbeter het. Transformasie van leerders se agterstande kan nie plaasvind alvorens die onderwysers nie oor genoeg selfvertroue beskik om hierdie leerders te ondersteun nie.

The increased focus on the implementation of scientifically research-based instruction as an outcome of No Child Left Behind ("Understanding NCLB," 2007) has resulted in the widespread use of scripted reading curricula (Dewitz, Leahy, Jones, and Sullivan, 2010), which typically represents Eurocentric and middle class forms of discourse, knowledge, language, culture, and historical interpretations as academic knowledge (Howard, 2010; Delpit, 2012). In an era where the number of culturally and linguistically diverse students is increasing rapidly (Ginsberg, 2007), it is essential to consider that educational practices relying entirely on prefabricated content may require modification because, as recognized in the funds of knowledge theoretical framework (Veléz-Ibañez, 1988), all students bring a wealth of knowledge to the classroom that should be acknowledged, respected, valued and incorporated into instruction (Gonzalez, Moll, & Amanti, 2005). However, even if teachers are granted the time and permission to modify scripted content in order to build bridges between the prescribed lessons and students' lived experiences, doing so is not easily accomplished when the lives of educators are disconnected from their students (Baeder, 2010). This study investigated the behaviors and ideas teachers have developed as ways to connect with their culturally and linguistically diverse students and their families. Additionally, the study explored how teachers who implement scripted curricula describe the experience of creating culturally responsive lessons intended to specifically connect with their culturally and linguistically diverse students and to connect with students' funds of knowledge. This multiple case study describes how five teachers who implement scripted curricula reported their experiences of creating culturally responsive lessons for particular focal students. Findings are presented in individual case narratives followed by a cross-case synthesis. Findings suggest that teachers were able to carry out culturally responsive instructional practices while implementing scripted curricula; however, participants' CARE lessons did not represent Gay's (2010) ethnic and cultural diversity in curriculum content component of culturally responsive instruction. Additionally, findings indicate that building relationships with culturally and linguistically diverse students was key to adjusting instruction to suit their learning styles. The implications of these findings are discussed in recommendations for in-service teacher professional development and future research.

Proficient reading is a necessary skill for a quality life. While educators would like to believe that most students master the art of reading and can understand what they read, national reports indicate that learning to read and becoming a skilled reader is not mastered by all (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001 ; NICHD, 2000a). One component of successful reading is the ability to read a text with appropriate speed, accuracy, and prosody. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (Pinnell et al., 1995) reported that 44% of the nation's fourth grade students were not able to read at an acceptable level of fluency that was considered necessary for comprehension. Since the publication of that report, research has shown that with direct instruction and remediation of fluency, students in the elementary grades can increase their reading rate. One of the most common fluency intervention techniques is repeated readings (Samuels,1979). However, most of the studies completed include ele mentary students and were focused on increasing their reading rate. Some students are arriving at the secondary level with reading problems which include fluency and comprehension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of repeated readings on the rate, accuracy, and comprehension of students with disabilities at the secondary level. This study involved a total of 35 students with learning disabilities in grades 6-9. A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. The treatment group received a total of 20 sessions of repeated reading with immediate feedback., goal setting, and independent practice with graphing of reading rate. The comparison group continued their reading instruction with no fluency intervention.The results indicate that this combination of repeated readings had a significant influence on reading rate only. / The other two variables, accuracy and comprehension, did not improve significantly in the treatment group when compared to the comparison group. / by Janice M. Russell. / Thesis (D.Ed.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.