According to the well-known human resource service provider, Internet¡¦s 104¡¥s surveys indicate that the most popular job vacancy with freshmen whom enterprises want to recruit is that of salesperson. Salespeople have long working hours and high performance pressure, resulting in a high turnover rate, which is the reason why enterprises constantly need more salespeople. Besides this, according to reviews of the real estate industry, half of real estate brokers quit their job after having worked for a mere six months. Why do so many brokers quit their job? And, what¡¦s the difference between the broker who is still in the industry and the one out of it? What skills do the brokers need to prosper in the industry? This research uses narrative analysis to explore the views of real estate brokers on work, the difference between the incumbent brokers and the quit-forever brokers, the reasons why real estate brokers quit their job, and the skills the incumbent brokers need to live on in this industry. The results of this research are as follows: First, the views of real estate brokers on work. Second, although the incumbent brokers and the quit-forever brokers have the same views on the work, but they have different attitudes towards their work. Third, the reason they quit their job is usually related to ethics. Forth, the skills of the incumbent brokers appear to be inadequate. Fifth, incumbent brokers develop their skills through learning from experience. (learning on the job).

In many job sectors the recruitment process is something that is considered so complex andprotracted that 60% choose not to complete it (Careerbuilder, 2013). The recruitment process in the real estate sector is an area where only slight research exists. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine and get a deeper knowledge about the recruitment process in real estate brokerage companies and if recruitment failure is an eventuel consequence of this process. The study is based on a qualitative method where six semi structured interviews have been done with recruitment managers from the different real estate companies that have been selected for the study.The theoretical outsets that have been used to analyze the result from the interviews is institutionalisomorphism and two different aspects within recruitment, which is the psychometric and the social aspect. From these two aspects the Matchningsmodell and the Bedömningsmodell have also been very important for the analytical chapter.The result shows for an example that the real estate companies have three different recruitment processes depending on which kind of candidate that is requested. These three processes both have their similarities and differences in those different interviewed companies. The main similarity is that all respondents use interviews as a recruitment method where the personality of the candidates are the most deciding factor. The significant difference in their recruitment processes is the first meeting. Since the largest recruitment of real estate brokers happens among the students there are many that want to access these as early as possible into the education. It occurs “mass recruitments” that some of the companies advocates and others oppose.The conclusion shows that the real estate sector is a job sector where companies, in many ways, follow the stream and do as their competitors do. Some companies choose to break free from the stream and go their own way but many decide to keep on doing as the others do. Recruitment failure occurs, like in other job sectors, but not only because of the recruitment process.

I denna uppsats granskas och jämförs fastighetsmäklarens utbildningskrav och arbetssätt i Sverige och i USA. Det har gjorts en kvalitativ studie genom att intervjua fastighetsmäklare som studerat till och arbetat som mäklare både i Sverige och i USA. Detta ämne valdes för att arbetssätten och kunskapskraven ser så olika ut i respektive land och jag hade ett intresse av att fördjupa mig i på vilket sätt ländernas arbetssätt skiljer sig åt. Intervjuerna har fokuserat på hur upplevelsen av att börja arbeta som nyexaminerad mäklare i USA är, och jämförts med hur det är att börja i Sverige.  Eftersom fastighetsmäklares arbetssätt samt utbildningskrav skiljer sig åt i olika delstater, då lagarna ser olika ut i de olika delstaterna, har jag valt att fokusera på endast två delstater; Kalifornien och Florida. Intervjuer med fyra olika mäklare som arbetar i USA, varav tre även jobbat som mäklare i Sverige, gav resultatet att utbildningen skiljer sig åt mellan USA och Sverige, både längdmässigt samt innehållsmässigt. Det visade sig även att arbetssätten skiljer sig åt avsevärt. Den största skillnaden ligger i att man i USA ofta arbetar partiskt, genom att representera antingen köpare eller säljare, jämfört med i Sverige där man arbetar som en opartisk mellanman mellan köpare och säljare. Skillnaderna i hur partisk man behöver vara i sitt arbete leder till skillnader i hur kundrelationerna ser ut i Sverige och i USA. Eftersom yrkesrollerna ser olika ut i respektive undersökt land visade det sig att det är olika svårt att börja mäkla som nyexaminerad mäklare i Sverige och i USA. Det visade sig även att det finns skillnader både i utbildningen och i arbetssättet om man jämför delstaterna Kalifornien och Florida. Resultaten i denna studie ledde till intressanta upptäckter som kan användas som bas för ytterligare fördjupande studier inom ämnet. / In this assignment an evaluation and comparison of the educational requirements and working environment of real estate brokers will be made, as I believe these areas of the profession are disparate depending on country of practice. In order for me to immerse myself fully in the topic and gain a deeper understanding of it, a qualitative study in the form of first hand interviewing of real estate brokers who have studied and worked in both Sweden and the US was carried out. The focus of the interviews was to investigate the ways in which a newly graduated real estate broker perceives their working environment when they start working in the US, compared to their experience in Sweden. As the educational requirements and working procedures are very different in the US depending on state, my focus in this assignment was to examine my topic in regards to the two states Florida and California. After carrying out interviews with four different real estate brokers who are currently working in the US but where three of these brokers have previously worked in Sweden, the results of my study show that the educational aspect of becoming a real estate broker is different in Sweden and the US, both in terms of length as well as educational content. The results also show that the working procedures vary significantly. The biggest difference was that a broker in the US often work in a more biased way by representing either the buyer or the seller. In turn, this leads to a fundamental difference in terms of forming client relationships. As the professional roles of the broker look different depending on country, the study showed that the level of difficulty varies in terms of starting a career as a newly graduated real estate broker in the US and in Sweden. However an interesting point was also the apparent educational and professional differences in terms of state. The results of this study led to interesting discoveries which can be used as a base for further studies within the field.

The first essay investigates how individual characteristics influence sales outcomes for houses they help transact. It develops hedonic housing models to assess the impacts of agent characteristics such as the level of recent and concurrent agent activity on sales outcomes (price and time on market). This is done in a Multiple Listing Service (MLS) setting using seven years of data obtained from a large Midwestern city. I find evidence that more active listing agents sell homes more quickly, though they do so to the detriment of final sales price. I also find that more listings concurrently held by agents have a statistically significant, negative effect on price. Selling agents appear to be quite neutral in the process and have little effect on either sales price or time on market. The second essay defines market concentrations of residential real estate brokerage services across one hundred diverse U.S. markets. Since real estate is immobile, each geographical location constitutes a local market and thus national measures of market concentration, of the type espoused by the National Association of Realtors (NAR), are of little value. The only way to get a meaningful picture of the market in general is to collectively examine observations at the city/town level. Once indices of concentration are obtained, it may be possible to get a sense of minimum and maximum scale efficiencies as well as what market specific characteristics give rise to high or low concentrations. The third essay examines the “just-below” pricing strategy in the context of home sales. Many retailers price their goods/services directly below some round amount (i.e. pricing at $2.99 instead of $3.00) and a number of studies document the effectiveness of this strategy on the demand for relatively inexpensive items (clothing, groceries, small appliances, etc). A lesser developed strand of literature examines the prevalence and effectiveness of just-below pricing in the context of larger purchases, namely real estate. This essay affirms the prevalence of just-below pricing in home transactions and finds evidence that just-below pricing can yield a higher final transaction price compared to homes initially priced on an even price point.

No description available.

Master's thesis discusses the issue of valuation of property within the market conditions in Czech Republic. The problem is treated in the theoretical, as well as in practical basis, based on available literature and Internet sources. In the beginning of the theoretical part the author pays attention to the most important and most frequent terms used in valuation, then to division of real estate markets and to definition of terms value and price. The second part of the theory briefly and clearly processes methodology of market valuation. It also talks more about comparative and yield method of valuation. The third issue discussed in theoretical part is marketing process of property selling, recommendations for selecting real estate agent and the essential particulars relating to the purchase agreement and transfer of immovable property. In the practical part is located economic, social and real estate situation in the region of Hradec Králové and Czech Republic. In this section there is also a market valuation of real property located in the spa town Janské lázně through the comparative method. Value of the property is determined by qualitative, quantitative and mixed analysis.

When after 1989 in our country have discovered the first real estate brokers and agents, were more or less a new professions, at times of socialism not existing. Since then have more than 2 decades passed, it will be interesting to compare the current state of the neighboring countries. First I will focus on the close one, Slovakia and then Austria, which belongs to the developed property market. I will look at various options of real estate agents and their functioning in all 3 states. The issue of legal liability of real estate activities will be submitted to the critical analysis and all the lessons learned will bring into mutual comparisons. I will also address the association of Realtors and appraise their position and function in different countries. An interesting part of this work will be determination of public opinion on public awareness of the importance of real estate services, I have made this research through polls.

The work deals with the development of advertising and marketing channels used by real estate agency on the Czech real estate market. Detailed phase defines the different types of advertisings and actors entering in the real estate market, as between sellers and buyers than among the intermediaries as well. If the real estate agency want to apply or increase sales through certain advertising, is the task of this work determine which target groups to use for specific kind of advertising.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur mäklaren påverkar på ansvarsfördelningen för faktiska fel i fastighet mellan en köpare och säljare. Vilka fel som köparen kommer att ansvara för enligt 4:19 JB utgår från vad denne hade kunnat finna vid en normal undersökningsplikt. Undersökningsplikten kan även utökas om köparen får varnande besked att ett fel kan föreligga. Undersökningsplikten kan även reduceras ifall köparen får lugnande besked eller det bagatelliseras om den specifika egenskapen samt om utfästelser görs. Motsattvis reduceras eller utökas säljarens felansvar. Säljaren står även ansvarig för fel denne svikligt undanhåller för att utnyttja köparens okunskap. Mäklaren har en upplysningsplikt enligt 16 § FML och ska upplysa om fel denne känner till eller misstänker. Det är oberoende om informationen framkommit till mäklaren från annan part eller om mäklaren själv har vetskap om det genom exempelvis tidigare erfarenheter. Mäklaren ska även verka för att säljaren lämnar upplysningar som kan vara av betydelse för köparen. Det kan ske genom en s.k. frågelista. Utifrån sammanställning av författningar, praxis och doktrin har det framkommit att mäklaren genom sina skyldigheter kan påverka ansvarsfördelningen. Mäklaren kan påverka ansvarsfördelningen i bägge riktningar för en köpare och säljare, dvs. att det leder till en förskjutning av ansvaret för faktiska fel i fastigheten. Mäklaren påverkar ansvaret genom sin upplysningsplikt. Köparen kan få en utökad undersökningsplikt genom att mäklaren lämnar varnande besked till köparen om fel denne misstänker. Köparen kan också få reducerad undersökningsplikt genom att mäklaren lämnar lugnande besked. Motsatsvis innebär det ett reducerat eller utökat ansvar för säljaren. Det innebär att mäklarens uttalande till en köpare har samma innebörd som säljarens uttalande i fråga om ansvarsfördelningen mellan köparen och säljaren. / The essay is about how the broker affects the distribution of responsibilities for factual faults in properties between a buyer and a seller. Which faults the buyer will be responsible for according to 4:19 JB is based on what the buyer could have discovered in a normal investigation duty. This duty of inquiry may also be extended if the buyer receives a warning message pointing to that a fault may exist. The extension of what the buyer is responsible of may also be reduced if the buyer receives a calming message or the specific attribute is being trivialized or if a specific attribute is being pledged. By contrast, the seller’s liability of faults is reduced or increased. The seller is liable for faults, which he fraudulently refuses to exploit due to the byer’s lack of knowledge. The broker has a duty to provide information according to 16 § FML and shall disclose any faults he is aware of or suspects. It is independent whether the information has been disclosed to the broker from another person or if the broker himself knows about it through previous experiences. The broker must also act in order for the seller to provide information that may be of importance to the buyer. This can be done through a list of questions. Based on the compilation of constitutions, practices and doctrine, it has been found that the broker can, through his obligations, affect the distribution of responsibilities. The broker can affect the distribution of responsibilities in both directions for a buyer and a seller, i.e. that it leads to a shift of responsibilities for actual faults in the property. The broker affects the responsibility through his duty of disclosure. The buyer can also get a reduced duty to investigate due to a calming message from the broker. By contrast, it implies reduced or increased liability for the seller. This means that the broker’s statement to a buyer has the same meaning as the seller’s statement regarding the division of responsibility between the buyer and seller.

Even in the days of an ever closer European union, Europe contains no less than four different legal cultures with respect to real estate conveyances: the Latin-German notary system, the deregulated Dutch notary system, the lawyer/solicitor system, and the Scandinavian licensed real estate broker system. The latter is of particular interest in that Scandinavian brokers play a far larger role in real estate transactions than their European counterparts.This paper examines and compares the Swedish real estate broker and the Latin notary. The Swedish broker is required by law to act as an impartial intermediary, to provide counseling to both parties, and to assist in drawing up all contracts and other documents necessary for the transaction at hand. To that end, the broker must be active and observant of the particular needs of the parties to the present transaction, always striving to enable them to reach equitable and practical agreements so as to prevent future disputes. In other words, the broker is required to tailor the transaction to fit the needs of the buyer and seller.The Latin notary profession prevails in large parts of the world, particularly the Latin-German parts of continental Europe, and Latin America. While there are divergences in the notarial laws of all countries, the similarities are greater still, and it is correct to speak of a single profession throughout all these countries. The notary carries out several important functions, the nexus of which is the authentication of legal documents. In the preparation of these documents, the notary is required to provide impartial counseling in order to tailor the transaction at hand to fit the will and needs of the parties. To uphold the integra fama of the profession, and to safeguard the proper performance of the notarial functions, lawgivers in all countries emphasize the importance of impartiality and integrity. There are national divergences as to the specific rules of conduct related to impartiality, particularly those concerning what activities are considered incompatible with the notariat, but they rest on common principles. Most importantly, not only must the publica fides be honored, it must be seen in the eyes of the public to be honored. The organization and regulation of the notary profession raises important economic issues, particularly with regard to competition/monopoly and market failures. The discussion of the regulation or deregulation of the notariat is by no means settled. Comparing the two professions, it is striking to see the enormous similarities in the legal frameworks and their respective rationales. Two common features are of particular interest. Firstly, both the Swedish broker and the Latin notary are required to assist the contracting parties in the contract phase, drawing up any necessary documents and counseling the parties as to the implications of the transaction. In that respect, both professions function as tailors to the transaction. Secondly, both the broker and the notary are required to act impartially and independently – impartially visavi the contracting parties, and independently in order to preserve the public faith in the independence and integrity of the professions.The similarities can be summarized as a function on the real estate market: impartial counseling and contract-engineering. This function exists alongside other functions, such as the brokers’ traditional matchmaking, or the registration of property rights. This functional approach may prove very useful in all kinds of analyses of the real estate market, whether of political, legal, or economic nature. For instance, with respect to the merits and/or necessity of the Swedish impartiality rule, those wishing to amend the law and introduce a system of overtly partial brokers acting solely on behalf of their principal have to face the question of what is to become of counseling for the principal’s counterpart. Should the counterpart be forced to choose between hiring their own legal counsel or make do without? Further, those wishing to contest the mandatory notarial intervention in real estate transactions have to face the same question: what is to happen to impartial counseling, given not only to the client but also to the client’s counterpart? Both instances illustrate the common feature shared by the two examined professions: impartial contract-engineering and counseling. To complete the picture and cover the whole arena of real estate transactions, the next logical step is therefore to compare and analyze different systems for registration of property rights. Doing so will hopefully achieve a tool for examining the real estate market that will prove useful indeed, particularly in future discussions concerning European harmonization.