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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mathematical modelling processes : implications for teaching and learning

Oke, K. H. January 1984 (has links)
The principal aim of the project has been to investigate formulation-solution processes and the extent to which these processes lead to better guidance and understanding of teaching, learning, and assessment in mathematical modelling. The following main activities have been carried out in support of this aim: the development of case studies of the mathematical modelling approaches that may be used in the solution of practical problems; the design of teaching and learning experiments carried out mainly with undergraduates with some knowledge of physics and teachers on an MSc course in mathematical education; the theoretical development of formulation-solution processes by means of a concept matrix and a relationship level graph; the analysis of a selection of students' modelling attempts; an investigation of assessment methods and the implications of the theoretical development of formulation solution processes for these methods. The case studies were based on possible modelling approaches to practical problems which are connected in some way with every-day reality. These studies were used in seventeen experiments with students working in a genuine educational environment under the usual time constraints. Most of the students involved had little or no modelling experience. Results have shown that students have a common set of difficulties, and a set of learning heuristics has been devised in an attempt to overcome these. The theoretical development of formulation-solution processes has identified the following main characteristics in early model development: distribution of features from global (difficult to quantify) to specific (easily quantified) concepts; basic relationships are often generated as solution proceeds; relationships can occur in either general or specific forms; general progress is gauged by relationship 'level'; most variables and constants are generated with relationships; partitioning a problem into sub-problems may be possible initially, but such break-down into distinct parts is often only possible after having seen a pattern of linkages in a relationship level graph. Finally, the implications for assessment methods are examined, and suggestions for further research investigations are made.
2

Metodologia de projetos: estratégias para o ensino de matemática no ensino fundamental II / Project methodology: strategies for teaching mathematics in elementary education II

Maçumoto, Martha Caputo Savino Santolia Cancela 15 December 2017 (has links)
A Metodologia de Projetos tem sido uma estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem que vem ganhando espaço na educação ao longo dos anos. Muitos, porém, trabalham com essa metodologia de forma equivocada, acreditando que contextualizar é usar o meio em que o aluno está inserido como cenário dos exercícios dados em sala de aula, como futebol ou atividade com coleção de figurinhas. O resultado significativo da utilização desta metodologia de ensino acontece quando o aluno vive o problema que deve resolver, ou seja, quando se torna o protagonista da sua resolução. Desta forma, o projeto desenvolvido por alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio particular de uma cidade localizada no Vale do Paraíba, interior de São Paulo, foi resolver problemas de matemática com o fim de arrecadar verba para o Asilo, instituição da mesma cidade. Além de trabalhar a resolução de problemas matemáticos reais para a arrecadação, conviveram com idosos, e estabeleceram com eles uma questão de cunho social, que desenvolveu a cidadania entre eles. Assim, a pergunta que direciona a pesquisa é: \"A Metodologia de Projetos, como estratégia de ensino, favorece a aprendizagem de matemática de forma efetiva?\". Durante todo percurso do projeto observou-se que os alunos desenvolveram habilidades de interpretação e resolução de problemas de matemática, e ainda pôde-se notar o amadurecimento de atitudes de cidadania e respeito entre eles. / The Project Methodology has been a strategy of teaching and learning that has been gaining space in education over the years more and more. However, many works with this methodology are in the wrong way, believing that contextualizing is to use the student\'s environment as the setting for classroom exercises, such as football or a collection of cards. The significant result of the use of this teaching methodology happens when the student lives the problem that must solve, that is, when he becomes the protagonist of the problem solving. In this way, the project developed by students of the 6th year of elementary school of a private school in the city located in the Paraíba Valley, São Paulo, was to solve problems of mathematics in order to raise money for the Asylum, institution of the same city. In addition to working to solve real mathematical problems for collection, they had the experience of working with the elderly, a social issue, which developed citizenship among them. Thus, the research question is: \"Does the Project Methodology, as a teaching strategy, favor the learning of mathematics effectively?\". Throughout the course of the project it was observed that students have been able to develop mathematical problem solving and problem solving skills, and the maturity of citizenship attitudes and respect among them can be noted.
3

O problema da confecção da escala de trabalho para os profissionais de enfermagem no Brasil

Oliveira, Nelson Gonçalves de January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Nogueira de Meneses / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2016. / A confecção da escala de trabalho, ou escala de folga, para os profssionais de enfermagem, conhecido pela comunidade academica como Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP) ou Nurse Rostering Problem (NRP), é um problema administrativo, que precisa ser resolvido frequentemente nas instituições de saúde (Unidade Basica de Saude (UBS), Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), hospitais, clínicas etc.) onde esses profssionais atuam. Ela é uma tarefa relativamente complexa, realizada frequentemente de maneira manual, que consome muito tempo dos profssionais que a executam e nem sempre produzindo um resultado com a qualidade desejada. Nesta dissertação, este problema é apresentado considerando as leis trabalhistas brasileiras, resoluções dos conselhos federais e regionais de enfermagem, convenções coletivas de trabalho dos sindicatos de classe e políticas dos centros de saúde para os profissionais de enfermagem. Para tentar resolver esse difícil problema de otimização, propomos um modelo em programação linear inteira, observando as restrições (fortes e fracas) impostas pelas diversas entidades reguladoras da atividade desses profissionais. Com esse modelo e a utilização de um software disponívell no mercado foi possível resolver (em poucos segundos) de maneira ótima, algumas instâncias reais do problema. Esta dissertação demonstra a capacidade de se resolver instâncias reais desse problema para a realidade das instituições de saúde brasileiras e, em especifico da Regi~ ao do Grande ABC em São Paulo, que abrange os municípios de Santo André, São Bernado do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Maua, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra (ABCDMRR), utilizando esse modelo matemático proporcionando soluções com qualidades iguais ou superiores àquelas obtidas por meio de escalas manuais. / The work or rest time table to the health professionals, known by the academic comunity as the NSP or NRP, is an administrative problem that needs to be solved often in health institutions (hospitals, clinics, emergency hospitals etc.) where these professionals work. It is a complex task, often carried out in a manual way, time-consuming by professionals that perform it and does not always produce a result with the desired quality. In this work, this problem is presented considering the Brazilian labor laws, resolutions of federal and regional councils of nursing, collective labor agreements of trade unions and health centers policies for nursing professionals. To try to resolve this dificult optimization problem, we propose in this work a model in Integer Linear programming, observing the restrictions (hard and soft) imposed by the various regulators of the activity of these professionals. This model is solved by IBM ILOG CPLEX solver which, if any, an optimal solution to the problem. This work demonstrates the ability to solve real instances of this problem to the reality of Brazilian health institutions, and in particular the Região do Grande ABC in São Paulo, covering the cities of Santo André, São Bernado do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra (ABCDMRR), using this mathematical model and solving arrangement in a reasonable time and with quality equal or superior to that obtained with manual scales.
4

Metodologia de projetos: estratégias para o ensino de matemática no ensino fundamental II / Project methodology: strategies for teaching mathematics in elementary education II

Martha Caputo Savino Santolia Cancela Maçumoto 15 December 2017 (has links)
A Metodologia de Projetos tem sido uma estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem que vem ganhando espaço na educação ao longo dos anos. Muitos, porém, trabalham com essa metodologia de forma equivocada, acreditando que contextualizar é usar o meio em que o aluno está inserido como cenário dos exercícios dados em sala de aula, como futebol ou atividade com coleção de figurinhas. O resultado significativo da utilização desta metodologia de ensino acontece quando o aluno vive o problema que deve resolver, ou seja, quando se torna o protagonista da sua resolução. Desta forma, o projeto desenvolvido por alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio particular de uma cidade localizada no Vale do Paraíba, interior de São Paulo, foi resolver problemas de matemática com o fim de arrecadar verba para o Asilo, instituição da mesma cidade. Além de trabalhar a resolução de problemas matemáticos reais para a arrecadação, conviveram com idosos, e estabeleceram com eles uma questão de cunho social, que desenvolveu a cidadania entre eles. Assim, a pergunta que direciona a pesquisa é: \"A Metodologia de Projetos, como estratégia de ensino, favorece a aprendizagem de matemática de forma efetiva?\". Durante todo percurso do projeto observou-se que os alunos desenvolveram habilidades de interpretação e resolução de problemas de matemática, e ainda pôde-se notar o amadurecimento de atitudes de cidadania e respeito entre eles. / The Project Methodology has been a strategy of teaching and learning that has been gaining space in education over the years more and more. However, many works with this methodology are in the wrong way, believing that contextualizing is to use the student\'s environment as the setting for classroom exercises, such as football or a collection of cards. The significant result of the use of this teaching methodology happens when the student lives the problem that must solve, that is, when he becomes the protagonist of the problem solving. In this way, the project developed by students of the 6th year of elementary school of a private school in the city located in the Paraíba Valley, São Paulo, was to solve problems of mathematics in order to raise money for the Asylum, institution of the same city. In addition to working to solve real mathematical problems for collection, they had the experience of working with the elderly, a social issue, which developed citizenship among them. Thus, the research question is: \"Does the Project Methodology, as a teaching strategy, favor the learning of mathematics effectively?\". Throughout the course of the project it was observed that students have been able to develop mathematical problem solving and problem solving skills, and the maturity of citizenship attitudes and respect among them can be noted.

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