M.A.--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, Film and Television / Scholarly discourses on documentary film have focused on the debate between documentary’s claims of ‘objectivity’ and ‘truthfulness’ versus the reality of its subjective ontology. At the turn of the 21st century, there seems to be appreciation of the constructiveness of documentary film. This development is taking place at the backdrop of emergence of more subjective documentary films produced by a new crop of filmmakers who do not shy away from exposing their subjective production thoughts and processes, contrary to earlier documentary filmmakers. This renewed interest is interesting and points to something that calls for an investigation in order to understand fundamental reasons behind it. In this report, I investigate the relationship between this development and the concept of ‘Creative Imagination’ normally associated with fiction film. Particularly, the paper investigates why ‘Creative Imagination’ may be understood to deploy aspects of realism style which manipulates time, space, character, and characterisation, in the production and analysis of documentary films. Through a production of a documentary film The Zulu Mask, this report hypothesises that documentary just like fiction film utilises the logic of creative imagination of the mind and aspects of realism style’ to mimic the real. Documentary and fiction, I argue are thus the products of the same thought process and desire.

The master thesis is concerned with an analysis and a comparison of two realities that, according to the theory explained in the text, are supposed to be different. The first part of the thesis deals with the theoretical framework through the analysis of the relation between media and reality. Basic approaches focusing on this coexistence through several paradigms, above all social constructivism and social representation, are explained. The theoretical part contains a chapter dedicated to the basics of news and the specificities of the content creation. The practical part of the thesis is first comprised of a definition and of an analysis of the news media reality, based on the declarative statements of its relation to the non-media reality. The same type of analysis is secondly also applied to the non-media or life reality. In order to facilitate comprehension of the topic and of these two realities, the work analyses a case study of a news event. Based on the case study, the practical section leads then to a comparative analysis of the characteristics of both studied realities. The final part suggests the definition of a relation between the media reality based on news production on the one hand and the non-media reality on the other hand. The work examines thus the degree of validity of the...

As a link between past and present, ruins play for human  groups an active role intheir reality representation, leaving their perceptions rationalized under a triple psycho­ social conflict of cultural identity, spatial ubiquity and temporal continuity. From this proposal, we broach in this paper the tourism incidence on heritage revalorization among Lípez Highland rural communities (Department of Potosí, Bolivia). Taking the communities of Santiago K and Santiago Chuvica and the Lakaya archaeological site as study case, we analyze heritage-tourism relationship from a local point of view, falling into the emic lecture of the progress concept that sees in the past a potentialcultural consumer good to be exploited from tourism = economical development equation. Considering different glances on ruins that are perceived by communities as of their own, we try to grasp the logic that guide its transformation in a tourist­ heritage product, where aesthetic, identity, mythic, psychosocial, spatial, and strategic points of view come together. / En tanto que nexo entre pasado y presente, las ruinas juegan para los grupos humanos un papel activo en la representación de la realidad, con lo que queda su percepción racionalizada desde un triple conflicto psicosocial de identidad cultural, ubicación espacial y continuidad temporal. Partiendo de esta premisa, en el presente trabajo se aborda la incidencia del turismo en la revalorización del patrimonio entre las comu­ nidades rurales del altiplano de Lípez (departamento de Potosí, Bolivia). Tomando como caso de estudio las comunidades de Santiago K y Santiago Chuvica, así como el yacimiento arqueológico de Lakaya, se analiza la relación patrimonio-turismo desde un punto de vista local, con incidencia en esa lectura emic del concepto de progreso que, a partir de la ecuación turismo = desarrollo económico, ve en el pasado un potencial bien de consumo cultural que se puede explotar. Considerando distintas miradas sobre unas ruinas sentidas como propias por las comunidades, se trata de penetrar la lógica que guía su transformación en producto turístico-patrimonial, en la cual confluyen puntos de vista psicosociales, de identidad, estéticos, míticos, estra­tégicos y espaciales.