No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between child-oriented parental attitudes and resulting child behavior.

Hypothesized in this study are the following: (1) that there are significant general differences between the childrearing attitudes of disadvantaged Chicano and Black mothers, (2) that their respective attitudes significantly vary on particular subtests of maternal attitude, and (3) that demographic variables, such as age, number of marriages, nativemigrant status, and level of education will affect significant differences in response on a number of specified attitudinal subtests.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Nursing. / This thesis is an investigation of maternal learning through the experiences of fifteen women who were learning to mother their first born infants within a white anglo-centric culture. These women provided stories about their experiences of pregnancy, birth and the early days of mothering during a series of interviews. Poststructural and feminist approaches have been used to inform this research study. These approaches have resulted in an analysis that troubles several of the dominant maternal discourses that are frequently used in two complementary ways: first, to explain the seemingly inexplicable ability to mother as 'maternal instinct', and second, within a specific culture, to provide the criteria for maternal attitudes and behaviours. The use of a poststructural framing has enabled an unsettling of the frequently accepted and taken-for-granted understandings about maternal learning through asking how it works and why women act in certain ways and not in other ways? There are two major sections to this thesis. The first section provides a theoretical positioning within the practice disciplines of adult education, parent education and nursing, and an overview of poststructural and feminist understandings and research applications of discourse analysis. The analysis work of this thesis commences within the second section where maternal discourses are examined and the resulting discursive constructions of maternal subject positions are foregrounded. Tensions and contradictions within the women's stories are explored and taken-for-granted explanations about women's apparently inexplicable or 'natural' ability to mother are challenged. Counter constructions for the taken-for-granted understandings about maternal ability are offered through the use of the discourses of memory, habitus and incidental learning. These three discourses assist in thinking about maternal learning and why some women have such difficulty taking on the multiple subject positions of motherhood, while the ability to mother seems to 'just happen' for other women. Of importance to this study is the inability of language to provide a common meaning for maternal experiences or to adequately portray the complexity of maternal experience, learning and knowledge. This understanding signals the possibility for maternal knowledge being a predominantly `somatically' based knowledge acquired throughout a woman's life as an outcome of incidental learning. The recognition of somatic knowledge as an important element in the development of maternal knowledge has significant implications for nursing practice, and the way in which maternal learning is facilitated.

<p>This study investigated the extent to which memories of parental rearing were related to the quality of parent and peer attachment, and whether parent and peer attachment were correlated with social anxiety feelings among 510 Chinese high school students. Memories of parental rearing were measured by the My Memories of Upbringing for Children (EMBU-C), The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) was used to assess attachment quality and social anxiety was assessed by Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) with adolescents in two age-groups. Consistent with findings from Western samples, the analyses revealed significant associations between attachment and memories of parental warm emotions as well as with memories of parental rejection. Attachment scores were related to level of social anxiety. Moreover, peer attachment was stronger associated with the adolescent¡¯s social anxiety feelings than parent attachment. However, the age differences were found across each measure scale. Furthermore, fathers showed a moderately more important role in the adolescent¡¯s social development than mothers. The findings indicate that in spite of considerable consistency with findings from Western studies, child-parent attachment in Chinese adolescents is also influenced by culture-specific practices that shape the youth-parent relationships and their meaning to the child.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

This study investigated the extent to which memories of parental rearing were related to the quality of parent and peer attachment, and whether parent and peer attachment were correlated with social anxiety feelings among 510 Chinese high school students. Memories of parental rearing were measured by the My Memories of Upbringing for Children (EMBU-C), The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) was used to assess attachment quality and social anxiety was assessed by Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) with adolescents in two age-groups. Consistent with findings from Western samples, the analyses revealed significant associations between attachment and memories of parental warm emotions as well as with memories of parental rejection. Attachment scores were related to level of social anxiety. Moreover, peer attachment was stronger associated with the adolescent¡¯s social anxiety feelings than parent attachment. However, the age differences were found across each measure scale. Furthermore, fathers showed a moderately more important role in the adolescent¡¯s social development than mothers. The findings indicate that in spite of considerable consistency with findings from Western studies, child-parent attachment in Chinese adolescents is also influenced by culture-specific practices that shape the youth-parent relationships and their meaning to the child.

No description available.

This project focused on improving the in vitro rearing methods of Toxoneuron nigriceps, an important biological control agent of Heliothis virescens, by supplementing the rearing media with the host hemolymph. T. nigriceps larvae of different ages were incubated in the artificial rearing media. The growth (increase in length and width), development (molting), and survival of the incubated larvae were observed. Changes in osmotic pressure of the rearing media before and after incubation were evaluated. The protein profiles of day 1, 3 and 5 hemolymph samples of the parasitized and unparasitized H. virescens fifth instar larvae, used in the artificial rearing media, were determined. Host hemolymph improved the growth and development of T. nigriceps larvae in the artificial rearing media except in the case of new and early first instar larvae. Osmotic pressure of all media showed a significant decrease after the incubation of the larvae except media incubated with the new first instar larvae indicating that the older larvae absorbed and utilized more of the nutrients from the rearing media than the younger larvae. Growth and development was higher in the semisolid media than in the liquid media. In the artificial rearing media, the late first instar T. nigriceps larvae molted to second instars and a few of them molted to third instars. The early and late second instar larvae incubated in the artificial media also grew well and molted to third instars. Some of the in vitro reared third instar larvae demonstrated behavioral changes that could be expressed as the preparation for cocoon formation or pupation, however neither a cocoon nor pupation occurred. No qualitative differences in the protein titers were detected between hemolymph of the parasitized and unparasitized fifth instar H. virescens larvae. There was a significant increase in the protein concentration in both unparasitized and parasitized H. virescens larvae as the age increased. This increase in the protein concentration showed a positive effect on the growth and development of T. nigriceps larvae indicating that availability of nutrients was an important factor for the growth of T. nigriceps larvae in vitro.