This thesis explores whether Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) can help anomic communities, affected by deindustrialization and globalization, in the U.S. Midwest, specifically looking at Saginaw, MI. After presenting a paper at the American Symposium for Theatre Research (ASTR) conference in 2009, the author attended a Theatre of the Oppressed facilitator training in Port Townsend, WA under the direction of Marc Weinblatt. She then conducted her own Theatre of the Oppressed workshop in Saginaw, MI to analyze the abilities of Theatre of the Oppressed in an anomic community. Each experience is detailed and followed by the author’s conclusions and hopes for Theatre of the Oppressed in the Midwest.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emigdio Enrique Orellana Jimenez.pdf: 1399808 bytes, checksum: 9a5dfb23c60c52032fb9609d09fd87ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-04 / The present study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength of new bonded and rebounded metallic brackets with three orthodontic composites. Ninety extracted first superior premolars were randomly divided in three groups, according to the different tested composite. All bonding procedures followed the manufacturer’s specifications with a 300g standard pressure over the bracket during positioning. Alpha plast (AP), Concise (CO) and Transbond XT (TB) were the evaluated composites. For each group, three shear bond strength examinations were performed in three different times, initial (T0), first rebonding (T1) and second rebonding (T2), with a 24 hour interval between them. The tests were performed with a SHIMADZU AG-I, (10KN) machine with a 0,5 mm/min cross-head speed and the fracture strength was recorded in Megapscal (MPa) considering brackets base area. The mean shear bond strength was evaluated and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was scored. The results showed that in T0 the groups AP and CO presented similar and higher values than TB, in T1 and T2 the highest shear bond strength values were found in group AP, followed by group CO and TB. Those data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey´s and Bonferroni´s test (p<0,05) and the ARI results were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Dunn´s test. It was found a statistical significant difference (p<0,05) in shear bond strength between groups but not between the different bonding and rebonding times. The highest shear bond strength values were observed in the group AP, followed by CO and TB. In relation to ARI, it was noticed a significant statistical difference (p<0,05) between the groups, and the TB presented higher values (p<0,05) than those verified in AP and CO, for T0 and T2. It was concluded that repeated bondings with new brackets presented an adhesive difference in shear bond strength considering the utilized composite, however, at bonding and rebonding with the same composite, there are no significant differences. / Este estudo avaliou in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes metálicos novos colados e recolados com três resinas ortodônticas. Foram utilizados 90 primeiros pré-molares superiores humanos extraídos para a confecção dos corpos de prova, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos;(n = 30) de acordo com a resina utilizada. Todos os procedimentos de colagem seguiram as recomendações do fabricante com uma pressão padronizada em 300g. Foram utilizadas as resinas Alpha Plast (AP), Concise (CO) e Transbond XT (TB). Para cada um dos grupos foram realizados três ensaios de cisalhamento em três tempos, um inicial (T0) e os outros dois T1 e T2, primeira e segunda recolagens, respectivamente, com intervalos de 24 horas. Os testes de cisalhamento foram realizados em uma máquina eletrônica de ensaios eletromecânicos SHIMADZU AG-I, (10KN), com velocidade de pressão de 0,5mm/min e carga de ruptura registrada em Megapascal (MPa). Considerando a área da base do braquete, foram mensuradas as resistências médias ao cisalhamento e o índice de adesivo remanescente (IAR). Os resultados demonstraram que para T0 os grupos AP e CO apresentaram valores próximos e superiores a TB, para T1 e T2 os maiores valores de resistência foram observados para o grupo AP, seguido dos grupos CO e TB. Estes dados foram submetidos à ANOVA 2 critérios e ao teste de Tukey e de Bonferroni (p<0,05) e para o IAR o teste Kruskal Wallis, seguido de teste Dunn. Existe diferença estatística significante (p<0,05) na resistência ao cisalhamento (MPa) entre os grupos mas não entre os tempos de colagem e recolagem de braquetes novos, sendo que os maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento foram encontrados no grupo AP, seguido de CO e TB. Em relação ao IAR, existiu diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre os grupos, o grupo TB foi estatisticamente superior (p<0,05) aos grupos AP e CO, para o T0 e T2. Concluiu-se que colagens repetidas com braquetes novos apresentam diferença adesiva de resistência ao cisalhamento considerando a resina utilizada, porém na colagem e recolagens com a mesma resina não há diferenças significativas.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto sobre la fuerza adhesiva (SBS), adhesivo remanente, y superficie del esmalte del recementado de brackets nuevos en la misma superficie de esmalte utilizando distintos métodos de acondicionamiento del esmalte.Utilizamos 135 incisivos bóvinos. Los brackets fueron cementados al esmalte con: (1)acido-fosfórico al 37%, (2)ácido-fosfórico al 37% (antes del primer cementado pero no en los siguientes cementados), (3)Transbond-Plus-Self-Etching-Primer® (TSEP) y (4)acondicionador que no precisa lavado (NRC). Los brackets fueron cementados y descementados tres veces utilizando el mismo procedimiento de acondicionamiento con la excepción del grupo 2 donde no se volvió a grabar con ácido-fosfórico al 37% en la segunda ni tercera secuencias de cementado. SBS y el adhesivo remanente fueron evaluados para cada descementado. Se realizaron observaciones al MEB para cada secuencia de acondicionamiento. Se realizó el análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA, test de Mann-Whitney, y test de Kruskal-Wallis. / The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect on shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant, and enamel surface of repeated bonding of new brackets on the same tooth using different methods of enamel conditioning.135 bovine incisors were used. Brackets were bonded to enamel using oneof the following conditioning procedures: (1) 37% phosphoric-acid, (2) 37% phosphoric-acid (prior to first bond but not for further bonds), (3) Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer® (TSEP), and (4) non-rinse-conditioner (NRC). Brackets were sequentially bonded and debonded three timesfollowing the same conditioning procedure with the exception of group 2 where 37% phosphoric-acid was not reapplied prior to the second and third bonding sequences. SBS and adhesive remnant were evaluated for each debond. SEM observations were made for each conditioning sequence. Statistical analysis was undertaken using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.