This Master‘s paper is about problems, which arise out of jurisdiction regulation of cases with international element in national and international level. In the first part of this paper author gives a definition of international jurisdiction and discusses its significance to the recognition and enforcement of judgments. Later after having analyzed national laws of different states (Germany, France, U.K., Lithuania, etc.) and EU documents - Brussels convention (1968) and Regulation No. 44/2001, as well as some cases of Lithuanian Supreme Court, European Justice Court and USA courts and having done a sociological research of Lithuanian judges‘ opinion, detailed analysis of such problems as parallel litigation, exorbitant jurisdiction and forum shopping is given. Then author discusses how these problems can be solved and gives a way to solve each problem – respectively, lis alibi pendens, unification and forum non conveniens doctrine. Each way is seen through analysis of its advantages and disadvantages and how it can be applicable to Lithuanian civil procedure law. Research showed that national efforts to solve jurisdiction problems in the international civil procedure are not sufficient and (or) not effective. Thus first of all states must cooperate with each other and coordinate their positions.

63 Recognition and execution of foreign arbitral awards Abstract This thesis deals with the issue of recognition and performance of foreign arbitral awards in the field of private international law. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the distinction between recognition and performance and to focus on the issue of enforceability in judicial and enforcement proceedings. The thesis is divided into four chapters describing individual elements of arbitration and recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. In the first chapter I deal with the arbitration, which is a prerequisite for the arbitral award. The second chapter defines the arbitral award itself, its particulars, types, and the procedure for its abolition. In the third chapter I dealt with the most important sources in the field of foreign arbitral awards and the last chapter is the most comprehensive. It contains a process of recognition and execution, including denial under the New York Convention, the current issue of the decision-making practice of the Supreme court of the Czech Republic, as well as recognition and enforcement in the territory of Switzerland. At the end of the thesis the Swiss and Czech legal regulations of the arbitration proceedings are compared, the amendment of the rules of arbitration of the International Chamber of...

Magistro darbe „Tarybos reglamentas (EB) Nr. 2201/2003 dėl jurisdikcijos ir teismo sprendimu, susijusiu su santuoka ir tėvų pareigomis, pripažinimo bei vykdymo, panaikinantis Reglamentą (EB) Nr. 1347/2000, ir jo įtaką Lietuvos civiliniam procesui“ nagrinėjamos šio ES teisės akto priėmimo priežastys, tikslai, taikymo sritis bei jo įtaka Lietuvos civiliniam procesui. Analizuojamas ES valstybių narių teismu jurisdikcijos nustatymo reglamentavimas, taip pat teismu sprendimu pripažinimo bei vykdymo taisyklės. Aptariami atvejai, kuomet teismu sprendimai pripažįstami bei vykdomi be exequatur procedūros. Dėmesys skiriamas ir centrinių institucijų bendradarbiavimo klausimu analizei. Darbe nagrinėjamos Briuselio IIa Reglamento galiojimo laike, erdvėje ir asmenų atžvilgiu problemos, kadangi jų tinkamai neįvertinus galimi netinkami šio ES teisės akto taikymo atvejai. Pabrėžiama, jog Briuselio IIa Reglamento netaikomas Danijai. Analizuojama Briuselio IIa Reglamento įtaka Lietuvos civiliniam procesui, akcentuojant, jog Briuselio IIa Reglamentas sudaro realias galimybes tam tikrus ES valstybių narių teismų sprendimus pripažinti vykdytinais ir juos vykdyti Lietuvoje be exequatur procedūros. Aptariamas Briuselio IIa Reglamento ir LR CPK juridinės galios klausimas. / In Master‘s thesis “The Council Regulation (EC) No. 2201/2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement judgements in matrimonial matters and the matters of paternal responsibilities, repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1347/200, and its influence to Lithuanian civil procedure“ the reasons of the enactment of this EU legal act, its purposes, the scope of regulation and its influence to Lithuanian civil procedure is analyzed. The reglamentation of jurisdiction of EU member states courts, as well as the rules of the courts decisions recognition and enforcement are analyzed. Specified issues, when the courts‘ decisions are recognized and enforced without exequatur procedure. Some attention is put on the analysis of the cooperation of the central institutions. In the thesis the problems of the application of the Regulation to the persons, its validity in time and space are analyzed, because the ascertation of these questions is important for proper application of this Regulation. It is emphasized, that the Regulation is not applied to Denmark. The influence of Brussels’ IIbis Regulation to Lithuanian civil procedure is analyzed, emphasizing that Brussels’ IIbis Regulation constitute real opportunities some EU members states decisions recognize and enforce in Lithuania without exequatur procedure. The question of legal power of Brussels’ IIbis Regulation and Lithuanian code of the civil procedure is analyzed.

1 Abstract: Czech and foreign arbitral award The purpose of this thesis is to describe and compare the position of Czech and foreign arbitral award in the Czech legislation. The author aims to clarify whether the Czech legislation grants to foreign arbitral awards the same possibility of enforcement as it grants, if the same conditions are met, to Czech arbitral awards. This thesis should also answer whether the decision-making practice of Czech courts is not in conflict with international obligations. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part is dedicated to general questions of arbitration. The purpose of this section is to introduce arbitration as an alternative method of dispute resolution. The author analyses the use of arbitration by describing its advantages and disadvantages. Further attention is paid to the main institutes of arbitration such as arbitrability of the dispute. The second part deals with the most important sources of law governing arbitration. For unambiguous application of sources of law, the author also deals with conflicts between different sources of law, for example in the form of a conflict of a multilateral international treaty with a bilateral international treaty on legal aid. The third part the author dedicates to the arbitral award itself. It deals with its...

This thesis presents a concise definition of arbitration as a method of dispute resolution, in particular in international commercial trade. In its seven chapters it contains a brief introduction to the history of international arbitration, its definition as opposed to other forms of alternative dispute resolution or the judiciary, an outline of the progress of operations from before the start of the procedure up until the end of it, and also a consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration. The first chapter of this thesis deals with the general characteristics of alternative dispute resolution. Disputes shall be defined by their relationship to arbitration, and a brief characterization of the different types of ADR such as mediation, conciliation, mini-trial, etc. will be included. It also outlines the development of arbitration proceedings, in particular in our country. The second chapter includes an introduction to the subject of arbitration. It contains the definition of the concept of international justice, in the context of fundamental theoretical doctrines which define the legal nature of the Institute and the Czech Constitutional Court and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, this chapter addresses the categories into which arbitration is...

This thesis describes and portrays system of arbitration proceedings in the international trade, staring with filing of motions ending with enforcement of arbitral rulings. Arbitral proceedings are legal alternative of settlement of legal disputes to traditional court cases, where a third entity - a intermediary, rules in a legal dispute delivering a binding and enforceable arbitration ruling. My paper consists of eight chapters First chapter broadly describes characteristics of alternative settlement of legal rows, defines connections with arbitral proceedings and involves a brief characteristics of single ways of ADR, such as mediation, conciliation, mini-trial, expertise etc. Second chapter is in introduction into the very essence of arbitral proceedings. If explains definition, characteristics and fundamental theoretical doctrines, which define legal nature of this institute, Since all sides yield to arbitration rulings deliberately, is this chapter dedicated to advantages and disadvantages determining decision-making of involved parties. List of proceedings' option can be found at the end of chapter. This involves institutional arbitrage, running in front of permanent arbitration institution, based on its rules, permanent fees and list of arbitrary judges as well it includes ad-hoc arbitrage, when a...

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and generally describe an annulment of arbitral award in international commercial arbitration. The reason for my research is an interesting topic, which has not been described in detail yet and the aim of this thesis is to look at this institute from the perspective of relevant domestic and foreign authors and legislation of various countries. Furthermore the thesis aims to highlight possible dangers which accompany the process of annulment of the award, or the process after its setting aside. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of setting aside of an award in International commercial arbitration. Chapter One is introductory and describes the history, the legislation and explains advantages and disadvantages of the international arbitration as a whole. Chapter Two defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One describes arbitration and explains its main features. Part Two deals with domestic vs. international arbitration, explains the term "commercial" and foreign arbitral award vs. domestic arbitral award. Chapter three concentrates on relation between state and arbitration courts and the state's auxiliary and control function towards the arbitration. Chapter...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT Objective arbitrability as a limit of the transnational legal order In general, the disertation deals with a topic of interaction between the transnational and national law in the area of international trade. Specifically, it attempts to use the concept of objective arbitrability as a limit of the privately-created system of law referred to as lex mercatoria (alternatively "new lex mercatoria"). The reason for the chosen methodology is to come up with the most objective criterion to demark the scope of the application of privately created norms. Despite the wide recognition of the NLM fenomenon among the scholars and even arbitrators, the parties of international trade contracts can not be certain whether (and to what extent) the choice of NLM will be limitating, especially in the face of later recognition and enforcement of their arbital awards. The findings of this dissertation flows from the analysis of transnational norms, decisions of both state courts and arbitration tribunals and the relevant sources of law-theory. Especially important is the description of the concept of lex mercatoria as such and the description of order public, both in national and international/european meaning as it represents the final limit of application of privately-created norms. The conclusion of the...

The economical and judicial cooperation that EU constitutes results in that there is an increasing amount of international disputes arising. These international disputes in turn result in questions concerning private international law. The principle of mutual trust is not only an important principle in the entire judicial cooperation but especially important in the area of private international law. The principle means that the member states have to trust each other and the different legal systems. The aim of the principle is to ensure a well functioning internal market that is permeated by free circulation and freedom of establishment. In order to achieve a well functioning internal market it is necessary that the member states trust each other. The development during the last years have resulted in that the recognition and enforcement have been and will be improved as well as simplified in the entire area of private international law. The question the author has in mind is if there will be a time when the EU and its member states are ready for full implementation of the principle of mutual trust. Such implementation would mean that the member states have to trust each other and the different legal systems completely and be willing to let go of the possibility to refuse to recognise and enforce judgments issued in other member states. The discussion in the paper leads to the conclusion that the author finds it unlikely that there will be such a time. This conclusion is based on the discussion of the development and the reasons behind it and also the situation of the EU today. The economical crisis within the union is also in an aspect likely to have an effect on whether or not member states are willing to trust each other’s legal systems. The result of this situation and the previous development in the area leads the author to the conclusion that it will probably be necessary to maintain some sort of safeguards in the future also, either by grounds for refusal or minimum standards.

<p>The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the region. Trade is critical to Southern Africa, and the ideal is that barriers to trade, of which uncertainty concerning the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments among Member States is one, should be removed. Certainty, predictability, security of transactions, effective remedies and cost are important considerations in investment decision-making / and clear rules for allocating international jurisdiction and providing definite and expedited means of enforcing foreign judgments will facilitate intraregional as well as interregional trade. In addition to trade facilitation, a harmonised recognition and enforcement regime will consolidate economic and political integration in the SACU. An effective scheme for the mutual recognition and enforcement of civil judgments has been regarded as a feature of any economic integration initiative likely to achieve significant integration. While the harmonisation of the rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments has been given priority in other regional economic communities, in particularly the European Union, any similar effort to harmonise the rules on recognition and enforcement of Member States have been conspicuously absent in the SACU &ndash / a situation which needs to receive immediate attention. The thesis considers the approaches followed by the European Union with the Brussels Regime, the federal system of the United States of America under the &lsquo / full faith and credit clause&rsquo / the inter-state recognition scheme under the Australia and New Zealand Trans-Tasman judicial system / as well as the convention-approach of the Latin American States. It finds that the most suitable approach for the SACU is the negotiation and adoption by all SACU Member States of a multilateral convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, comparable to the 1971 Convention of the Hague Conference on Private International Law / the EU Brussels I Regulation and the Latin-American Montevideo Convention, as complemented by the La Paz Convention. It is imperative that a proposed convention should not merely duplicate previous efforts, but should be drafted in the light of the legal, political and socio-economic characteristics of the SACU Member States. The current legislative provisions in force in SACU Member States are compared and analysed, and the comparison and analysis form the basis of a proposal for a future instrument on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments for the region. A recommended draft text for a proposed Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments for the SACU is included. This draft text could form the basis for future negotiations by SACU Member States.</p>