Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

This Master‘s paper is about problems, which arise out of jurisdiction regulation of cases with international element in national and international level. In the first part of this paper author gives a definition of international jurisdiction and discusses its significance to the recognition and enforcement of judgments. Later after having analyzed national laws of different states (Germany, France, U.K., Lithuania, etc.) and EU documents - Brussels convention (1968) and Regulation No. 44/2001, as well as some cases of Lithuanian Supreme Court, European Justice Court and USA courts and having done a sociological research of Lithuanian judges‘ opinion, detailed analysis of such problems as parallel litigation, exorbitant jurisdiction and forum shopping is given. Then author discusses how these problems can be solved and gives a way to solve each problem – respectively, lis alibi pendens, unification and forum non conveniens doctrine. Each way is seen through analysis of its advantages and disadvantages and how it can be applicable to Lithuanian civil procedure law. Research showed that national efforts to solve jurisdiction problems in the international civil procedure are not sufficient and (or) not effective. Thus first of all states must cooperate with each other and coordinate their positions.

1 Abstract: Regulation of international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels Ibis Regulation The master thesis deals with the regulation of international jurisdiction of courts regulated by Brussels Ibis Regulation. The main aim of the master thesis is to analyse the topic of prorogation, in particular the general definition of the prorogation agreement and the regulation of prorogation in the Brussels Ibis Regulation, including prorogation agreements concluded with weaker contracting party. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters, which are further divided into subchapters. The first chapter introduces the Brussels Ibis Regulation and defines its substantive, temporal, personal and territorial scope of application. The presence of an international element is also required for the application of Brussels Ibis Regulation. The thesis deals with the rules of general, alternative, special, exclusive, agreed international jurisdiction and of submission to international jurisdiction. It also describes the hierarchy of these rules. The second chapter focuses on the topic of prorogation, which is essential for the thesis. It clarifies the concept of the prorogation agreement, explains its importance and character. It deals with the effects of the prorogation agreement and divides prorogation agreements into exclusive...

Ante a crescente utilização dos meios eletrônicos como forma de viabilizar o comércio de produtos e serviços além das fronteiras estatais o presente estudo tem como escopo identificar os desafios oriundos do embate entre a realidade cibernética e o direito internacional contemporâneo, pontuando, de forma crítica, as soluções descortinadas pela sociedade internacional. Isto porque as questões de direito internacional, já conflituosas no âmbito do comércio internacional tradicional, se mostram ainda mais subjetivas no peculiar ambiente virtual, em regra desmaterializado e a desterritorializado. Tais características e peculiaridades refletem na identificação da jurisdição e da lei aplicável no contrato eletrônico, nas soluções para o combate do cibercrime e na solução alternativa de conflitos, ademais de outros temas que foram possíveis de serem abordados neste estudo. Para tanto é proposto um exame das soluções até então desenvolvidas para a regularização e/ou padronização das condutas no âmbito do comércio internacional por via eletrônica, colacionando a normativa e a jurisprudência implementadas e/ou em desenvolvimento na área. / In view of the increasing on the usage of electronic media as a means to facilitate the trade of goods and services beyond the State borders, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges arising from the clash between the practices in the cyberspace and the contemporary law, showing in a critically way the solutions unveiled by international society. The international law issues, that are already conflictual before the traditional international trade, become even more subjective in particular virtual environment, dematerialized and deterritorialized. Such characteristics and peculiarities reflects in the identification of jurisdiction and applicable law, in the solutions to prevent the cybercrime and in the alternative dispute resolutions as well as other subjects that were likely to be addressed in this study. Therefore this study intends to examine the solutions developed so far in order to regularize and/or standardize the actions in the electronically international trade, presenting rules and case law implemented or in developing in the area.

Ante a crescente utilização dos meios eletrônicos como forma de viabilizar o comércio de produtos e serviços além das fronteiras estatais o presente estudo tem como escopo identificar os desafios oriundos do embate entre a realidade cibernética e o direito internacional contemporâneo, pontuando, de forma crítica, as soluções descortinadas pela sociedade internacional. Isto porque as questões de direito internacional, já conflituosas no âmbito do comércio internacional tradicional, se mostram ainda mais subjetivas no peculiar ambiente virtual, em regra desmaterializado e a desterritorializado. Tais características e peculiaridades refletem na identificação da jurisdição e da lei aplicável no contrato eletrônico, nas soluções para o combate do cibercrime e na solução alternativa de conflitos, ademais de outros temas que foram possíveis de serem abordados neste estudo. Para tanto é proposto um exame das soluções até então desenvolvidas para a regularização e/ou padronização das condutas no âmbito do comércio internacional por via eletrônica, colacionando a normativa e a jurisprudência implementadas e/ou em desenvolvimento na área. / In view of the increasing on the usage of electronic media as a means to facilitate the trade of goods and services beyond the State borders, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges arising from the clash between the practices in the cyberspace and the contemporary law, showing in a critically way the solutions unveiled by international society. The international law issues, that are already conflictual before the traditional international trade, become even more subjective in particular virtual environment, dematerialized and deterritorialized. Such characteristics and peculiarities reflects in the identification of jurisdiction and applicable law, in the solutions to prevent the cybercrime and in the alternative dispute resolutions as well as other subjects that were likely to be addressed in this study. Therefore this study intends to examine the solutions developed so far in order to regularize and/or standardize the actions in the electronically international trade, presenting rules and case law implemented or in developing in the area.

Regulation of international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation Abstract This master thesis deals with the international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation. The main aim is to analyse the provisions of the Brussels I bis Regulation and compare them with the previous Brussels I Regulation and with the proposed amendments. Attention is paid to the choice of court agreements as an instrument providing the party autonomy, and also to the controversial issues of the new regulation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the history of the European international jurisdiction which is reliant on the development of the European integration. It shows the background of preparation of the Brussels Convention, the Lugano Convention, the Brussels I Regulation and its recast. The second chapter focuses on the scope of application of the Brussels I bis Regulation. Before the analyse of individual provision, the attention is paid to the international element as the implicit condition to apply the Brussels I bis Regulation. The thesis then explores the material scope of the regulation stressing the term "civil and commercial matters". The originally proposed universal scope is examined within the personal scope of the regulation. However, it was implemented only...

La réparation en droit international public vise à remédier aux conséquences d’un fait internationalement illicite. Aujourd’hui, l’obligation de réparer intégralement les préjudices est un principe bien établi dans différents domaines du droit international et devant les juridictions judiciaires internationales. La notion de réparation a évolué avec le temps et a connu un tournant majeur avec la reconnaissance du statut de l’individu bénéficiaire et débiteur de l’obligation de réparer. Par ailleurs, la réparation n’est pas seulement la modalité prononcée en tant que telle, mais elle consiste aussi et surtout dans la mise en oeuvre de cette modalité. La surveillance de l’exécution des décisions de réparation est ainsi une des clés de l’effectivité de cette dernière. Sur ce point, le soutien des Etats est d’autant plus incontournable que les juridictions internationales présentent une limite essentielle : l’absence de force contraignante pour faire exécuter leur décision. Par ailleurs, l’accent doit être mis sur le rôle d’entités non étatiques dans le processus de réparation, notamment celui de la société civile. Il est intéressant de voir comment s’articule la pratique actuelle de la réparation devant différentes juridictions internationales en tenant compte de tous ces facteurs. Il convient aussi de noter que malgré un contexte de multiplication de juridictions internationales, il reste des défis complexes dans cette matière, comme par exemple celui de la réparation des situations impliquant des enfants soldats à la fois auteurs et victimes de violations du droit international. Par leurs mesures de réparation, les juridictions internationales contribuent au respect de la légalité internationale. / The requirement to fully repair a damage is a well-established principle in different areas of international law. International judicial courts are particularly called upon to deal with this issue. The concept of remedy has evolved over time. This concept has reached a major turning point with the recognition of the status of the individual, beneficiary and debtor of the obligation to repair. Its terms are not the same depending on the international court in which it is contemplated and reparation is not only the modality pronounced as such, but it is also and especially the implementation of this modality. Monitoring the performance of reparation decisions is thus a key to the effectiveness of the latter. On this point, state support is even more essential that the international courts have an important limitation: the lack of binding force to enforce their decision. Moreover, the role of non-state entities should not be underestimated in the reparation process, especially that of civil society. It is interesting to see how the current practice of reparation before various international tribunals is articulated, considering all these factors. It should also be noted that despite a context of multiplication of international courts, it complex challenges remain in this area. The child soldier issue, both perpetrator and victim of violations of international law is particularly eloquent. With their remedies, international courts contribute to the respect of international legality.

The theme of my diploma thesis is one of the most important judicial acts of European private international law of civil procedure - Brussels I Regulation. The aim of my thesis was to analyse the Regulation from many views with an emphasis on the jurisprudence of European Court of Justice and of domestic national courts. First part of the thesis aims to describe the whole legal branch of european private international law of civil procedure and therefore place the Regulation in the context of the whole legal branch. second part of the thesis deals with the Regulation in its entirety and desribes every single article of the Regulation and tries to determine the boundaries of its application and interpretation. The last, third part, states othre relevant legal acts related to Regulation which are considered to be its alternative, and sums up the pros and cons of their application.

Liability for defective products meets a modern legal framework applicable to cases which have an international nature in the European Union. However, the new regulatory developments have not solved the existing coordination problems and offer an unjustified complexity, so there is a certain risk that the objectives pursued by the European legislator in this strategic sector for the EU internal market are not going to be fulfilled. The objective of this study is to analyze the solutions contained in Regulation (EC) 442001, relating to jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters and Regulation (EC) 8642007, concerning the law applicable to non-contractual obligations («Rome II»), aswell as their interrelationship with other conventional instruments. / La responsabilidad por productos defectuosos cuenta en la Unión Europea con un moderno marco legal aplicable a los casos que cuenten con una naturaleza internacional. Sin embargo, los nuevos desarrollos normativos no han suprimido los problemas de coordinación existentes y ofrecen una injustificada complejidad, por lo que existe un cierto riesgo de que se malogren los objetivos perseguidos por el legislador europeo en este estratégico sector para el mercado interior de la Unión Europea. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las respuestas contenidas en el Reglamento (CE) 44/2001, relativo a la competencia judicial, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia civil y mercantil y el Reglamento (CE) 864/2007, relativo a la ley aplicable a las obligaciones extracontractuales («Roma II») asícomo su interrelación con otros instrumentos convencionales.

O reconhecimento, pelos tribunais, da possibilidade de as partes escolherem livremente o foro que deverá decidir eventual litígio consiste em um tema de estudo do direito internacional privado que gera intensas discussões. Embora seja possível se argumentar que, com base no princípio da autonomia da vontade, seja plenamente aceitável a fixação da competência do tribunal a partir da vontade das partes, a jurisprudência brasileira, de maneira não uniforme, ainda reluta em aceitar esse fato. Entende-se que não seria possível às partes afastar a atuação do judiciário brasileiro em hipótese de competência concorrente. O estudo do direito convencional e regional (União Européia e Mercosul) acerca da matéria evidencia uma tendência em favor do reconhecimento da possibilidade de escolha de foro estrangeiro pelos contratantes. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que as justificativas jurídicas que embasam a denegação à eleição de foro estrangeiro à luz do ordenamento brasileiro não se sustentam, e que se faz necessário o reconhecimento, pelo país, da possibilidade de escolha pelos contratantes do tribunal competente para decidir a causa. / The courts acceptance of the freedom of the parties in choosing the court under which they will seek to resolve any possible litigation is a controversial matter of international private law. Although it is possible to state that the choice of court based on the free will principle is entirely legitimate, the Brazilian case law, even if not unanimously, still resists accepting this fact. It is understood that the contracting parties could not fail to resort to the Brazilian courts in the event of concurring jurisdiction. The study of contractual and regional law (European Union and Mercosur) on this matter shows a tendency towards the acceptance of choice of court by the contracting parties. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the lack of legal reasons for denying the choice of court in light of the Brazilian legal system, as well as that Brazil should accept the discretion of the contracting parties in choosing the court under which they want to litigate their case.