The purpose of the thesis is to offer a comprehensive commentary of the choice-of-court agreements under the Brussels I bis regulations and the 2005 Convention on Choice of Court Agreements ("Convention") and to refer to the main problems which may arise during the application of these instruments to the disputes arising from relationships in which the choice- of-court agreement was concluded. The paper is composed of five main chapters. The first four chapters deal with the framework of the Brussels I bis, the fifth chapter illustrates the rules of the Convention. Chapter one is dedicated to the fundamental characteristics of the Brussels I bis. It compares the rules contained therein with the previous legislation, analyses its principles and purposes, the interpretation of the terms contained therein and the relation to the other instruments. Chapter two deals with the detailed analysis of the choice-of-court agreements under the Brussels I bis, particularly with the scope of effect of art. 25, the effect of jurisdictional agreements, their characteristics, formalities necessary for their creations, their extent, forms, formal and material validity, cases where the Brussels I bis restricts the effect of the choice-of-court agreements and the consequences of such violation. Chapter three explains...

Topic of this diploma thesis is "Brussels I Regulation and other procedural laws of European private international law". The thesis focuses on the analysis of the problems that its name suggests. The procedural rules of private international law underwent during the past fifteen years relatively significant changes. Due to the application of the principles of free movement of persons, capital, goods and services, it results necessary to develop effective instruments for performing the law accross the member states borders. It occurs in procedural area primarily through the adoption of instruments of the European secondary legislation, particularly through regulation. The most important and most widely used procedural rules of European private international law was until recently Regulation (EC) no. 44/2001 of the 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, which was since the 10th of January 2015 replaced by the regulation of the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EU) no. 1215/2012 of the 12th December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The subject of this paper is to examine the procedural rules of European private international law with a particular...

The dissertation thesis deals with choice of law and choice of court in the area of international trade, as governed by the EU and international legal instruments. The thesis is divided into 4 basic chapters, its centerpiece being chapters II and III, which contain a detailed analysis of choice of law and choice of court in the EU legal instruments and also in international agreements. Chapter I is an introduction of the topic, while chapter IV brings a summary of findings and conclusions made throughout the thesis. The introductory chapter brings about the justification, why it was choice of law and choice of court, which have become the subject matter of the thesis. Right at the beginning, the importance of these tools for international transactions is demonstrated; principle of party autonomy, which is reflected in these tools, plays a key role here. It is party autonomy principle and its history, what is analyzed in the first part of this chapter, while the author comes back to this pivotal (and nowadays in principle universally respected) principle also in other chapters, always in relation to the specific legal instruments dealt with therein. The introductory chapter also discusses the reasons, why parties conclude choice of law agreements and it also analyses under which circumstances they...

LL.M. (International Commercial Law) / This dissertation concerns a comparative analysis of Brazilian, Indian and South African private international law principles on the exercise of jurisdiction in international civil and commercial cases. The intention is to uncover the fundamental grounds of jurisdiction in these legal systems and in doing so draw attention to their comparable characteristics. Emphasis is placed on matters of a commercial nature. Furthermore, a discussion of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements provides insight on the Convention’s purpose and its possible influence on and implications for jurisdictional rules found in the private international law of the IBSA countries should they become members to the Convention.

Regulation of international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation Abstract This master thesis deals with the international jurisdiction of courts in Brussels I bis Regulation. The main aim is to analyse the provisions of the Brussels I bis Regulation and compare them with the previous Brussels I Regulation and with the proposed amendments. Attention is paid to the choice of court agreements as an instrument providing the party autonomy, and also to the controversial issues of the new regulation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the history of the European international jurisdiction which is reliant on the development of the European integration. It shows the background of preparation of the Brussels Convention, the Lugano Convention, the Brussels I Regulation and its recast. The second chapter focuses on the scope of application of the Brussels I bis Regulation. Before the analyse of individual provision, the attention is paid to the international element as the implicit condition to apply the Brussels I bis Regulation. The thesis then explores the material scope of the regulation stressing the term "civil and commercial matters". The originally proposed universal scope is examined within the personal scope of the regulation. However, it was implemented only...

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

INTERNATIONAL SALES DISPUTE RESOLUTION ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with judicial resolution of disputes arising from cross-border commercial relationships, more precisely from international sales contract as their common representative. The introduction defines the term of international sales contract (chapter one) and the process of its formation (chapter two) under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG"). It addresses inter alia the gap filling of the CISG, uniform interpretation or commercial usages. Some comparative notes are also provided. Further, it examines a phenomenon called "battle of forms" that often occurs in practice when dealing with standard terms and conditions. The focal point of the thesis is the rules of jurisdiction set out in the Brussels I Regulation Recast ("Regulation") which are analysed from the perspective of an international commercial relationship. The emphasis is on the prorogation of jurisdiction under the Regulation. The third chapter deals with the territorial, temporal and material scope of application of the Regulation, as well as with its autonomous interpretation. It also discusses the role of the Regulation in arbitration. Chapter four reviews the rules of jurisdiction applicable when there is no valid choice of...

O reconhecimento, pelos tribunais, da possibilidade de as partes escolherem livremente o foro que deverá decidir eventual litígio consiste em um tema de estudo do direito internacional privado que gera intensas discussões. Embora seja possível se argumentar que, com base no princípio da autonomia da vontade, seja plenamente aceitável a fixação da competência do tribunal a partir da vontade das partes, a jurisprudência brasileira, de maneira não uniforme, ainda reluta em aceitar esse fato. Entende-se que não seria possível às partes afastar a atuação do judiciário brasileiro em hipótese de competência concorrente. O estudo do direito convencional e regional (União Européia e Mercosul) acerca da matéria evidencia uma tendência em favor do reconhecimento da possibilidade de escolha de foro estrangeiro pelos contratantes. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que as justificativas jurídicas que embasam a denegação à eleição de foro estrangeiro à luz do ordenamento brasileiro não se sustentam, e que se faz necessário o reconhecimento, pelo país, da possibilidade de escolha pelos contratantes do tribunal competente para decidir a causa. / The courts acceptance of the freedom of the parties in choosing the court under which they will seek to resolve any possible litigation is a controversial matter of international private law. Although it is possible to state that the choice of court based on the free will principle is entirely legitimate, the Brazilian case law, even if not unanimously, still resists accepting this fact. It is understood that the contracting parties could not fail to resort to the Brazilian courts in the event of concurring jurisdiction. The study of contractual and regional law (European Union and Mercosur) on this matter shows a tendency towards the acceptance of choice of court by the contracting parties. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the lack of legal reasons for denying the choice of court in light of the Brazilian legal system, as well as that Brazil should accept the discretion of the contracting parties in choosing the court under which they want to litigate their case.

O reconhecimento, pelos tribunais, da possibilidade de as partes escolherem livremente o foro que deverá decidir eventual litígio consiste em um tema de estudo do direito internacional privado que gera intensas discussões. Embora seja possível se argumentar que, com base no princípio da autonomia da vontade, seja plenamente aceitável a fixação da competência do tribunal a partir da vontade das partes, a jurisprudência brasileira, de maneira não uniforme, ainda reluta em aceitar esse fato. Entende-se que não seria possível às partes afastar a atuação do judiciário brasileiro em hipótese de competência concorrente. O estudo do direito convencional e regional (União Européia e Mercosul) acerca da matéria evidencia uma tendência em favor do reconhecimento da possibilidade de escolha de foro estrangeiro pelos contratantes. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que as justificativas jurídicas que embasam a denegação à eleição de foro estrangeiro à luz do ordenamento brasileiro não se sustentam, e que se faz necessário o reconhecimento, pelo país, da possibilidade de escolha pelos contratantes do tribunal competente para decidir a causa. / The courts acceptance of the freedom of the parties in choosing the court under which they will seek to resolve any possible litigation is a controversial matter of international private law. Although it is possible to state that the choice of court based on the free will principle is entirely legitimate, the Brazilian case law, even if not unanimously, still resists accepting this fact. It is understood that the contracting parties could not fail to resort to the Brazilian courts in the event of concurring jurisdiction. The study of contractual and regional law (European Union and Mercosur) on this matter shows a tendency towards the acceptance of choice of court by the contracting parties. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the lack of legal reasons for denying the choice of court in light of the Brazilian legal system, as well as that Brazil should accept the discretion of the contracting parties in choosing the court under which they want to litigate their case.

© JUDr. Barbora Krajcová Mezinárodní internetové právo a příslušnost soudu v internetových sporech ABSTRACT The aim of this dissertation thesis is to provide an analysis of International Internet Law from an electronic commerce and, in particular, procedural law perspective. The author focuses on questions relating to jurisdiction which are, according to the author's opinion, specific and controversial to electronic commerce cases. Other questions of procedural law, such as, for example, recognition and enforcement of judgments, are not analyzed in this thesis, since the author does not see any specific issues with these questions in connection with electronic commerce. The Chapter No. 1 in the theoretical portion of this dissertation thesis refers to internet as medium operating electronic commerce. The Chapter No. 2 reflects key and basic terms, contains, inter alia, definition of electronic commerce. However, this thesis analyses questions of jurisdiction the Chapter No. 3 analyses also substantive law relating to electronic commerce and the basic terms used throughout this thesis. Due understanding of substantive law (from an EU law perspective; the e-commerce directive and from an international law perspective; the UNCITRAL Convention on Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts) its...