The aim of this study was to identify difficulties experienced by caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The aim was achieved through the following objectives: investigate the family background of caregivers of AIDS orphans; investigate the general emotional impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the health impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the extent of financial impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the impact of caring for AIDS orphans on the social life of caregivers; to make recommendations so as to assist in helping caregivers. A literature review and the qualitative empirical research method were used to achieve the aim and thus, the objectives stated above. The literature review revealed the following difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans: lack of knowledge regarding the formal adoption of orphans; lengthy process administered by an increasingly overstretched system; bad behaviour by orphans; stress resulting to poor physical and mental health, strained personal relationships and lowering of standards of care; poverty; "role strain" and "identity"; interpersonal and family conflicts; isolation and fear for the future; excessive workload of having to care for children; and stigma and discrimination relating to HIV/AIDS. However, this study highlighted the following difficulties: poverty; stress and depression; family fights; adoption; bad influence on orphans by neighbours; education; lack of training; lack of social services support; lack of community support structures; and lack of prior planning by orphans' parents. The conclusions drawn from this study are that there were similar problems revealed in this study to those identified in the literature. For example, both literature and this study revealed poverty, stress and interpersonal and family conflicts as major problems experienced by caregivers. Grandparents and other family members who were caregivers in this study did not see "role strain" and "identity" as major stumbling blocks. Stigma and isolation were also some of the problems not directly experienced by most caregivers. However, it was evident that lack of involvement of some of these caregivers with the community, has led to their not experiencing stigmatisation and isolation. The following recommendations were made: caregivers should be given adequate training on how to use the grants given to orphans; researchers should use their research findings to influence government policy regarding termination of grants for orphans, that is, as long as orphans are still attending school or university, grants should not be terminated; universities and government should set aside special bursaries or study loans for orphans at universities, and these loans must only be paid when the orphans are in the position to do so; government should make extra funds available to give to caregivers as incentives; Social Welfare Department should be strengthen so that free counselling could be given to caregivers whenever is necessary; School-Based Support Teams (SBST) committees in schools should be capacitated and empowered; capacitate and empower non -governmental organisations (NGOs); and there should be a strong interaction between schools, NGOs, social workers, nurses and police. Limitations of the current study were also identified. This study could not show with absolute certainty whether the problems identified are related to orphanhood in general, rather than orphanhood by HIV/AIDS. Thus it was deemed necessary in future to have a comparison group of caregivers of orphans due to reasons other than HIV/AIDS. Other limitations included reliance on one population race. The study cannot ascertain whether these findings can be applicable to caregivers from other race groups such as white or coloured races. South Africa is a multicultural society with different norms and values. Thus, the way we react to certain stimuli might be influenced to a large extent by our customs and values. Further limitations included reliance on one specific type of caregiving. The study did not explore other type such as orphanages, but concentrated on what is regarded as the traditional safety net. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide and the number of individuals who have this condition in South Africa has also increased drastically. The educator with DM experiences many challenges that affect his or her ability to function effectively. The goal of this in-depth study is to; investigate the causes and physical and emotional effects of DM; investigate the challenges educators with DM face, as well as the effect the condition has on the effective performance of daily tasks in the educational environment; empirically investigate perceptions about DM and its effect on the educator who lives with DM; provide guidelines and make possible recommendations for the educator with DM to perform effectively in the educational sector. For this purpose, terms such as diabetes mellitus, the educator, the educator who has DM, learner of an educator with DM and the effect on the educational system on the educator who has DM had to be clarified. Problems and everyday challenges that the educator with DM faces have been investigated by means of a literature study. The possible perceptions of employers, management, colleagues and learners of educators with DM are also included in the study. Interviews were conducted with eight educators who have DM to obtain information regarding daily challenges they face. The data analysis was conducted carefully, data were arranged and categorised logically and integrated into the core summary of the study. The most important result was that educators who have DM are facing numerous challenges in the educational sector. Guidelines were suggested and possible recommendations were made from the data of the research conducted on educators who have DM that may assist in making the working environment less challenging. These guidelines and adjustments could have a positive effect on and increase the effective functionality of the educator with DM in the educational sector. More effective functioning of the educator with DM will have a positive effect on learners, colleagues, the education profession and ultimately the educational sector in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The aim of this study was to identify difficulties experienced by caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The aim was achieved through the following objectives: investigate the family background of caregivers of AIDS orphans; investigate the general emotional impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the health impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the extent of financial impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the impact of caring for AIDS orphans on the social life of caregivers; to make recommendations so as to assist in helping caregivers. A literature review and the qualitative empirical research method were used to achieve the aim and thus, the objectives stated above. The literature review revealed the following difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans: lack of knowledge regarding the formal adoption of orphans; lengthy process administered by an increasingly overstretched system; bad behaviour by orphans; stress resulting to poor physical and mental health, strained personal relationships and lowering of standards of care; poverty; "role strain" and "identity"; interpersonal and family conflicts; isolation and fear for the future; excessive workload of having to care for children; and stigma and discrimination relating to HIV/AIDS. However, this study highlighted the following difficulties: poverty; stress and depression; family fights; adoption; bad influence on orphans by neighbours; education; lack of training; lack of social services support; lack of community support structures; and lack of prior planning by orphans' parents. The conclusions drawn from this study are that there were similar problems revealed in this study to those identified in the literature. For example, both literature and this study revealed poverty, stress and interpersonal and family conflicts as major problems experienced by caregivers. Grandparents and other family members who were caregivers in this study did not see "role strain" and "identity" as major stumbling blocks. Stigma and isolation were also some of the problems not directly experienced by most caregivers. However, it was evident that lack of involvement of some of these caregivers with the community, has led to their not experiencing stigmatisation and isolation. The following recommendations were made: caregivers should be given adequate training on how to use the grants given to orphans; researchers should use their research findings to influence government policy regarding termination of grants for orphans, that is, as long as orphans are still attending school or university, grants should not be terminated; universities and government should set aside special bursaries or study loans for orphans at universities, and these loans must only be paid when the orphans are in the position to do so; government should make extra funds available to give to caregivers as incentives; Social Welfare Department should be strengthen so that free counselling could be given to caregivers whenever is necessary; School-Based Support Teams (SBST) committees in schools should be capacitated and empowered; capacitate and empower non -governmental organisations (NGOs); and there should be a strong interaction between schools, NGOs, social workers, nurses and police. Limitations of the current study were also identified. This study could not show with absolute certainty whether the problems identified are related to orphanhood in general, rather than orphanhood by HIV/AIDS. Thus it was deemed necessary in future to have a comparison group of caregivers of orphans due to reasons other than HIV/AIDS. Other limitations included reliance on one population race. The study cannot ascertain whether these findings can be applicable to caregivers from other race groups such as white or coloured races. South Africa is a multicultural society with different norms and values. Thus, the way we react to certain stimuli might be influenced to a large extent by our customs and values. Further limitations included reliance on one specific type of caregiving. The study did not explore other type such as orphanages, but concentrated on what is regarded as the traditional safety net. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide and the number of individuals who have this condition in South Africa has also increased drastically. The educator with DM experiences many challenges that affect his or her ability to function effectively. The goal of this in-depth study is to; investigate the causes and physical and emotional effects of DM; investigate the challenges educators with DM face, as well as the effect the condition has on the effective performance of daily tasks in the educational environment; empirically investigate perceptions about DM and its effect on the educator who lives with DM; provide guidelines and make possible recommendations for the educator with DM to perform effectively in the educational sector. For this purpose, terms such as diabetes mellitus, the educator, the educator who has DM, learner of an educator with DM and the effect on the educational system on the educator who has DM had to be clarified. Problems and everyday challenges that the educator with DM faces have been investigated by means of a literature study. The possible perceptions of employers, management, colleagues and learners of educators with DM are also included in the study. Interviews were conducted with eight educators who have DM to obtain information regarding daily challenges they face. The data analysis was conducted carefully, data were arranged and categorised logically and integrated into the core summary of the study. The most important result was that educators who have DM are facing numerous challenges in the educational sector. Guidelines were suggested and possible recommendations were made from the data of the research conducted on educators who have DM that may assist in making the working environment less challenging. These guidelines and adjustments could have a positive effect on and increase the effective functionality of the educator with DM in the educational sector. More effective functioning of the educator with DM will have a positive effect on learners, colleagues, the education profession and ultimately the educational sector in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

This aim of this study is to understand the professional identity of careers advisers in UK universities, at a time of unprecedented interest in employability across the sector following an increase in undergraduate tuition fees in England. The research question is “What is the professional identity of careers advisers in higher education in the ‘new’ employability climate? Opportunities and challenges for careers service leaders and managers.” Here, professional identity is defined as ‘the experience and self-understanding of those fulfilling a particular occupational role’. The study is qualitative, using the methodological approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The areas of literature that have been reviewed relate to the nature and development of the professions and the development of individual and collective professional identity. The history of the careers adviser role within the UK education system also provides context. Data was collected in summer 2012 through interviews with 21 careers advisers from 14 universities across England, Wales and Scotland using a stratified sample based on league table data. This study makes a contribution to knowledge by suggesting a professional identity for careers advisers which is Undefined, Parochial, Unrecognised and Unconfident yet Dedicated, and by making recommendations for leaders and managers, and careers advisers themselves, to consider in their approaches to staff development, (self-) advocacy and connection with broader institutional priorities. Such approaches do not conflict with a primary purpose of ‘helping students’ and can serve to strengthen the impact and influence of careers advisers as experts who address the increasingly critical employability agenda.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Computer Science / William H. Hsu / Current research in the field of recommender systems takes into consideration the interaction between users and items; we call this the homogeneous setting. In most real world systems, however these interactions are heterogeneous, i.e., apart from users and items there are other types of entities present within the system, and the interaction between the users and items occurs in multiple contexts and scenarios. The presence of multiple types of entities within a heterogeneous information network, opens up new interaction modalities for generating recommendations to the users. The key contribution of the proposed dissertation is representation learning in heterogeneous information networks for the recommendations task. Query-based information retrieval is one of the primary ways in which meaningful nuggets of information is retrieved from large amounts of data. Here the query is represented as a user's information need. In a homogeneous setting, in the absence of type and contextual side information, the retrieval context for a user boils down to the user's preferences over observed items. In a heterogeneous setting, information regarding entity types and preference context is available. Thus query-based contextual recommendations are possible in a heterogeneous network. The contextual query could be type-based (e.g., directors, actors, movies, books etc.) or value-based (e.g., based on tag values, genre values such as ``Comedy", ``Romance") or a combination of Types and Values. Exemplar-based information retrieval is another technique for of filtering information, where the objective is to retrieve similar entities based on a set of examples. This dissertation proposes approaches for recommendation tasks in heterogeneous networks, based on these retrieval mechanisms present in traditional information retrieval domain.

The diploma thesis analyzes a procedure of closing financial operations in an agricultural company, evaluates their correctness and points to the most frequent mistakes. The Closing financial statement processes and the particular accounting operations are described in the theoretical part. The practical part is done based on data provided by Agricultural Cooperative Třebelovice. These data were obtained in personal conversation with accountant-general of the agricultural cooperative. Imperfections in inventorying of animals and products were identified by the analysis mentioned above. Recommendations, leading to removal of these imperfections and following stock undervaluation, were proposed to the Agricultural Cooperative. The Agricultural Cooperative Třebelovice doesn't make a cash flow statement. For this reason the cash flow statement was made by the author.

In the past few years, the general work habits of people have changed dramatically, raising concerns about their well-being. Numerous health-related problems have been observed from their health records such as obesity, diabetes or heart diseases, and unhealthy eating is one of its factors. But these problems can be prevented if people start eating healthy food. The population, in general, is also realizing that healthy eating is important for their well-being. However, they usually resist because they assume that healthy food is not tasty and they do not want to comprise their taste preferences. Moreover, they have various other considerations that become barriers for them while selecting a healthy recipe. These are:(1) their complex, restrained needs (i.e., allergies and nutritional goals), (2) their strict lifestyle or dietary preferences (i.e., their desire to eat only vegan or vegetarian food), (3) lack of knowledge about how to choose healthy recipes while exploiting their taste preferences, (4) choosing recipes that maximize the use of available ingredients in their kitchen. Numerous researchers have been working in this field and developed various applications and systems to suggest healthy recipes. Apart from unhealthy eating, household food wastage has become a public problem, and some of the causes, which trigger it are users’ taste preferences (i.e., disliking of the food), and not cooking food before ingredients expiry dates. Thus, we propose a personalized recipes recommender system as a proof of concept called CAPRECIPES, which is based on context-awareness. It tackles the aforementioned barriers and improves the users’ experiences by providing the recommendations of personalized recipes with minimal efforts while exploiting their dynamically changing contexts. CAPRECIPES also helps in the reduction of food wastage as it first shows the recipes, which contain the ingredients that are expiring soon and matches with users’ taste preferences. It also considers that recipes do not violate users’ health restrictions and nutritional goals, and use the maximum number of available ingredients in users’ kitchen. The proposed system gathers users’ taste preferences by exploiting two third-party social media applications (i.e., Facebook and YouTube) and collaborative-based filtering algorithm. This thesis also explores various natural language processing techniques such as text analysis and parts of speech tagging to identify the recipes’ preferences and to find the most relevant match for each recipe or ingredient having different names. / Graduate

L’internationalisation et la professionnalisation de l’actionnariat des sociétés cotées a directement participé au dérèglement de la souveraineté décisionnelle des assemblées générales d’actionnaires. En réponse à ce déséquilibre systémique qui a favorisé l’hégémonie de l’organe du conseil d’administration, les professionnels de l’intermédiation financière ont été vivement encouragés à voter d’une manière efficiente lors des assemblées. Or, la structure organisationnelle de nombreux investisseurs institutionnels demeure inadaptée au traitement de la multitude de projets de résolution qui émanent des dizaines, voire des centaines de firmes où ils détiennent des participations. Un pourcentage conséquent de « zinzins » fait donc appel à des agences de conseil en vote, qui leur fournissent des recommandations de vote. En parallèle, certaines agences ont également développé des services annexes, tel que la fourniture d’une plateforme de vote, ou encore un service de governance rating.Les agences de conseil en vote sont des organismes profondément clivants. Pour certains, elles épaulent efficacement une frange d’investisseurs institutionnels ne parvenant pas à faire un usage efficient de son vote aux assemblées. Pour d’autres, ces agences développent une forme illégitime d’externalisation du pouvoir actionnarial. Quoi qu’il en soit, les proxy advisors ont construit les contours d’une influence substantielle par le biais d’une promotion opiniâtre des valeurs du gouvernement d’entreprise, influence qui leur a conféré un rôle de soft law maker et de « lanceur d’alerte » en matière de corporate governance.L’influence des proxy advisors est devenue telle que de nombreux conseils d’administration se conforment à leurs politiques de gouvernance, dans le but de s’assurer un vote favorable aux assemblées générales d’actionnaires. Ainsi, les agences de conseil en vote se métamorphosent-elles progressivement en agence de gestion des sociétés cotées. Cette transformation atteint un degré paroxysmique quand le leader de cette industrie propose un service de recommandation de vote aux investisseurs, ainsi qu’un service de conseil en gouvernance à destination des émetteurs (par le biais d’une filiale détenue à 100%).Bien que les pratiques d’exercice des proxy advisors gagnent en transparence et se standardisent, elles demeurent perfectibles. Les conseillers proxy n’ont que récemment fait l’objet d’un encadrement de type « soft law » à l’échelle européenne, avec la publication d’un Code de bonne conduite. Certaines clefs de la légitimation de l’influence de ces organismes demeurent donc encore fragiles. Cette réalité peut plaider en faveur de l’établissement d’une réglementation contraignante des proxy advisors. Or, le Marché n’impute aucun dysfonctionnement à ces organismes, et un tel changement de paradigme pourrait être vecteur d’importantes perturbations dans le fonctionnement de certains « zinzins ». Rien ne permet donc d’affirmer, qu’à ce jour, un encadrement contraignant des proxy advisors pourra se révéler d’avantage efficient que la réglementation souple actuellement existante, règlementation « soft law » que nous proposerons toutefois d’enrichir. / The internationalisation and professionalisation of shareholding in listed companies directly contributed to the destabilisation of the shareholders’ sovereign decision-making process during shareholders’ general meetings. In reaction to this systemic unbalance that favoured the board of directors’ hegemony, professionals of financial intermediation were strongly encouraged to vote efficiently during these meetings. However, the organisation of large numbers of institutional investors remain ill-suited for managing multiple resolution projects from dozens and sometimes hundreds of companies. Therefore, an important percentage of institutional investors rely on proxy advisors, who provide voting recommendations. In addition, several proxy advisors developed additional services such as voting platforms or governance rating services.Proxy advisors are very differently perceived. For some, they efficiently accompany institutional investors which happen to not use their voting rights. For others, they indirectly and illegitimately exercise shareholders’ prerogatives. In any case, proxy advisors exert a substantial influence favouring corporate governance values. This influence elevated them to the position of soft law makers and “whistleblowers” regarding corporate governance.Proxy advisors’ influence became so substantial, many boards of directors started to abide their governance policies to ensure a favourable vote during shareholders general meetings. Thus, proxy advisors slowly became governance agencies for shareholding companies. This transformation reached its peak when the industry leader offered a voting recommendation service to investors, while also offering a governance advising service targeted to shares issuers (through a 100% owned subsidiary company).Even if proxy advisors’ practical modes to exercise are getting more transparent and standardized, they still could be improved. Proxy advisors were only recently subject to some level of soft law regulation at a European level, with the publication of a Code of good practices. Therefore, several aspects of the legitimisation of proxy advisors’ influence still remain fragile. This situation may advocate the establishment of a binding regulation for proxy advisors’ activities. However, the market does not believe proxy advisors to be the cause of any dysfunctions, and on the contrary considers that such regulation might cause major perturbations to functioning for some institutional investors. To date, there is no evidence to suggest that a binding regulation could turn out to be more efficient than the current soft law regulation, which is why we will merely try to improve it.