The first chapters of the thesis describe the Czech beer market, beer consumption in the Czech Republic and current trends. It also describes world export and the Czech beer export and assesses the Czech production situation on a worldwide basis. In the practical part I am attending to Pivovar Nymburk, it's history, production and range of products. In the other chapters I am describing competitors in the Czech industry and the situation in German beer industry as a market where Pivovar Nymburk exports the most of the beer. The fifth chapter describes objectives and positioning of the brewery, includes SWOT analysis and BCG matrix for a detail describtion of the portfolio. The chapter six describes export strategy, export markets and the way how the brewery enters foreign markets. The next chapters contain some of the marketing mix policies. The final chapter includes recommendations for the brewery's activities in the future.

Although Turkey is a country with strong social cohesion, figures of runaway children in Turkey are increasing dramatically. This research focused on the factors that cause children to run away and on interaction programs to intervene and/or prevent this problem. Until recently, Turkish family life was able to avoid such problems, but with the effect of westernization and social mobility in Turkey, the basic family structure has become more like the family structure in the western countries. Studies reveal that runaway episodes happen in all families regardless of such factors as economic, race, or geographic situations. Teenagers run away for several reasons; however, early intervention is highly suggested by studies to mitigate the problem. Although, parent-child conflict plays a significant role as a reason for youth leaving home, on the other hand family interaction still remains the best alternative to the problem.

Les recommandations de bonne pratique, issues de la médecine des preuves, s’insèrent dans un processus ancien visant à asseoir la légitimité médicale sur la science et se sont déployées en tant qu’instrument politique de rationalisation des pratiques.Comment rencontrent-elles les valeurs professionnelles et l’exercice de la médecine ?La question est traitée dans le cadre de la médecine générale et de l’hypertension artérielle (HTA) dont la mise en recommandations est exemplaire de la construction d’un risque en santé publique.La première partie s’intéresse à l’origine de la médecine des preuves et en quoi ce mouvement est porteur de continuité et de modification dans les relations entre Médecine et État, au sein de la profession, entre médecin et patient.La seconde partie, centrée sur une microsociologie des consultations de patients hypertendus, montre que les recommandations constituent un appui pour le travail médical de prise de conscience par le patient de la réalité pathologique de l’HTA et des risques cardiovasculaires associés. Mais le généraliste inscrit son action dans la durée et, sous influence du patient, négocie et fait des compromis voire déroge aux « bonnes pratiques », considérant que ce qui n’est pas réalisable aujourd’hui le sera demain.Les recommandations sont intégrées dans les pratiques sous forme d’un modèle hybride associant la référence aux données scientifiques et l’adaptation à la singularité de la situation. La figure du patient statistique porté par la médecine des preuves est confrontée à la réalité sociale de l’individu plus ou moins doté d’autonomie et de ressources dont il s’agit pour le médecin d’acquérir la confiance et de la conserver. / Best practice recommendations, stemming from evidence based medicine, are part of a well versed process aiming to claim medical legitimacy based on science and are used as policy tools in practice. How do they relate to professional values, and to the practice of medicine?This question is examined within the framework of recommendations regarding the treatment, control and prevention of arterial hypertension (AH) in general practice which can be said to exemplify the construction of a public health risk.The first part of this work is centred on the origins of evidence based medicine, and the way in which it brings continuity as well as change to the relationships between: medical professionals; the institution of medicine and the state; doctors and patients.The second part, a microsociological study of GP consultations with hypertensive patients, shows that recommendations are used to reinforce the doctor’s efforts to increase patients’ awareness of AH and the ensuing cardiovascular risks. However, GPs use their influence over a long time period and, influenced by their patients, they negotiate, compromise and even disregard some of the best practice recommendations, considering that what may not be achievable in the present, may be achievable in the long term. Recommendations are therefore used in practice in hybrid form, where science is merged with an adaptation to each unique situation. The ‘average patient’ as the basic unit of evidence based medicine is opposed with the social reality of an individual with a certain level of autonomy and resources whose trust the doctor needs to gain and maintain.

The primary purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of the market reaction to stock recommendations published by Swedish banks. The market price reactions will also be compared to the OMXSPI index to analyse if it is possible to earn higher returns by following the recommendations. Previous studies suggest that the effect of stock recommendations leads to higher trading volumes and returns. While previous studies suggest that there is an effect, the effect from stock recommendation is not long lasting. The data collected consist of 659 stock recommendations from the biggest banks in Sweden. The results of the paper are in line with previous studies on the subject. The results suggest that buy recommendations lead to increased trading volumes and returns on the publication day. We also find that the cumulative average return from the recommendations is slightly higher than the index on the publication date. / Huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie är att undersöka marknadsreaktioner på aktierekommendationer utgivna av svenska banker. Syftet är även att jämföra marknadens prisreaktioner med OMXSPI index för att undersöka huruvida avkastningen från rekommendationerna överträffar index. Tidigare forskning har visat att aktierekommendationer leder till högre avkastning och högre handelsvolym. Effekten är däremot inte bestående på längre sikt. Datainsamlingen innehåller 659 aktierekommendationer från storbankerna i Sverige. Resultatet av studien ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att köprekommendationer leder till att avkastningen och handelsvolymen ökar i genomsnitt på kort sikt. Studien finner även att den kumulativa avkastningen från rekommendationerna är något högre än index på publiceringsdagen.

Quantitative data analysis revealed that out of the two proposed hypotheses, consumers’ travel preferences have a positive effect on online travel purchases, while Instagram influencers’ travel recommendations did not have a positive effect on consumers’ online travel purchases. Despite that, male respondents experienced travel recommendations to be more influential than their own travel preferences when purchasing travel. However, the results indicate that there is a need for further research.

Samhällets digitalisering har inte bara ändrat på sättet som konsumenter söker information om produkter och tjänster. Nu ser vi även hur företag följer trender och anpassar sig för att nå konsumenterna där de befinner sig. Electronic word-of-mouth har visat sig ha en stor påverkan på företags försäljning, med online rekommendationer och recensioner som andra konsumenter kan läsa och ta del av. Ihop med influencers, de nya trendsättarna, har nu företag börjat arbeta med influencer marketing för att synas med sina produkter där konsumenterna hittar sin inspiration och tips. Med ökade misstankar kring att influencers utnyttjar sin popularitet till egen vinning vid samarbeten och när de tar emot PR-produkter, så har tillit och trovärdighet blivit en viktig komponent när en influencer ska göra en e-wom rekommendation till sina följare. Med ett experiment som bygger på teorin om tillit, kommer denna studie undersöka hur studenter på Karlstads Universitet uppfattar ett inlägg där en influencer rekommenderar en produkt i tre olika scenarion. De olika inläggen visar en rekommendation av en influencer gjord på eget val, en rekommendation av en produkt som influencern mottagit i PR-utskick, samt en rekommendation av en produkt i ett samarbete med ett företag. Frågeställningarna för uppsatsen lyder: I vilken utsträckning ändras tilliten och trovärdigheten till en influencer när denne rekommenderar en produkt i tre olika scenarion? Samt i vilken utsträckning påverkar kön och medieanvändning resultatet? Resultatet i studien tyder på att det inte finns ett scenario som är bättre än de andra, utan det uppstår en ambivalens. Ett scenario kan öka med trovärdigheten i en faktor, medan samma scenario tappar trovärdigheten i en annan. Studien visar även på att varken kön eller medieanvändning spelar roll för tilliten och trovärdigheten. / The digitalisation of today's society has not only changed the way consumers seek information about products and services. Now we can also see how companies are following trends and adapting to reach consumers where they are. Electronic word-of-mouth has proven to have a huge impact on corporate sales, with online recommendations and reviews that other consumers can read and take a part of. Together with influencers, the new trendsetters, companies has now started working with influencer marketing to get their products to where the consumers find their inspiration. However with increased suspicions that influencers nowadays are using their popularity for their own gain with collaborations and when they receive promotional products, trust and credibility has become an important component for when an influencer make an e-wom recommendation to their followers. With the method of an experiment based on the theory of trust, this study will explore how students at Karlstad University perceive a post by an influencer, who recommends a product in three different scenarios. The various posts shows an influencer doing a recommendation on their own will, a recommendation of a product that the influencer has received in a PR-package, and finally a recommendation of a product in collaboration with a company. The questions that the essay will research are: To what extent does trust and credibility to an influencer change when she recommends a product in three different scenarios? And to what extent does gender and media consumption affect the outcome? The results of the study indicate that there is no scenario that is better than the others. Instead there is an ambivalence that occur amongst the scenarios. One scenario can have it’s credibility increase in one factor, while the same scenario loses credibility in another. The study also shows that neither gender nor media consumption plays a role in the trust and credibility.

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The aim of the thesis is to create investment recommendations for the real estate investor. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. Secondary data from Czech and foreign sources are collected in the theoretical part. In the practical part, the research and analysis of real estate market is done for the real estate currently available for sale in Brno. At the same time, economic profitability is calculated wherever possible. Subsequently, the options are verbally evaluated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most common neuroinflammatory diseases across the globe and is autoimmune mediated in nature. This progressive, highly debilitating disease often leaves individuals wheelchair bound within 15-25 years of onset. MS is characterized by inflammatory lesions that appear in unpredictable locations around the central nervous system. Lesions can be visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. As neuroinflammation continues and lesions accumulate, patients can experience a wide array of progressively worsening symptoms including but not limited to motor impairments, sensory disturbances, loss of control of bodily functions, and/or neuropathic pain, depending on the location of lesion formations. There are different types of MS, the most common being relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) seen in about 85% of cases and characterized by periods of symptom remission followed by flare-ups. A large majority of these patients go on to develop secondary progressive MS (SPMS) where neurological damage and patient decline is progressive and continuous. Primary progressive MS (PPMS) is seen in about 10% of cases and is characterized by progressive and continuous patient decline from the outset of disease. Other rarer forms of MS do exist but will not be discussed further. Research aimed at MS is at an all-time high and the timing could not be better: its global incidence and prevalence is climbing. For decades MS has been thought of as a disease caused by dysfunctional CD4+ T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. It is now known that many different cell types contribute to MS pathophysiology. These other cell types include macrophages and dendritic cells of the innate immune system due to their expression of MHC class II molecules that function to activate CD4+ Th1 cells. More recent research has implicated CD8+ T-cells and B-cells in contributing to disease through direct destruction of neural cells that express MHC class I molecules and through the generation of autoantibodies, respectively. While these discoveries are important and provide hope for future breakthrough treatments, there are still enormous gaps in the medical community’s knowledge of what causes MS. The epidemiologic pattern of MS prevalence has for many decades interested scientists and hinted at a potential cause of this disease. MS tends to affect white individuals with genetic ties to northern Europe, but this relationship may not still hold true, as MS incidence and prevalence may be rising faster in black populations compared to other races/ethnicities, at least in the United States. MS occurs nearly 3 times as often in females than in males, and is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection—especially in those that go on to develop infectious mononucleosis (IM). MS prevalence increases markedly in regions north of 40 degrees North latitude or south of 40 degrees South latitude. MS risk also changes depending on body mass index (BMI) considerations, migration history, and in families with a genetic history of the disease. It is well-accepted that MS has a genetic component, the most important of which is the presence of the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele that codes for certain proteins in MHC class II molecules. However, genetics alone are unable to sufficiently account for MS risk as the concordance rate for identical twins with MS is only 25-30%. These well-established findings imply that some unknown environmental factor(s) must be contributing to MS initiation and progression. All of the environmental factors listed above have a common connecting thread that is logically and empirically verifiable: vitamin D. This fat-soluble vitamin can either be endogenously synthesized in the skin after exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light or consumed through the diet, the former being of more importance to humans. Epidemiologic patterns suggest a protective role for vitamin D in MS, where low or deficient levels of vitamin D may be a contributor to increased risk for MS. Populations living at greater latitudes, north or south, have significantly greater prevalence of MS which coincides with the reduction of endogenously produced vitamin D in these regions due to a lesser amount of UVB light (and of lower intensity) experienced year-round. Increases in BMI, especially increased adiposity, correlate with increased risk for MS and with prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Women tend to naturally have greater adiposity than men, thus increasing their risk for MS. Estrogens and vitamin D have been shown to act synergistically to protect against MS, therefore vitamin D deficiency may increase risk for MS in women. Vitamin D is a known immunomodulatory agent that promotes tolerogenic immune states. Vitamin D also offsets many of the harmful effects caused by EBV, among these including repression of B-cell differentiation into plasma cells, reduced MHC II expression, and promotion of B cell apoptosis. This serves to repress deleterious immunoglobulin secretion by B-cells. Vitamin D is also immunologically beneficial as it promotes regulatory T cell function and their expression of protective cytokines, and through its inhibition of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cell functions. In total, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of vitamin D are important as the immunological states produced by vitamin D are exactly the opposite of those observed in MS patients and MS animal models. Research in vitamin D is gaining attention as the scientific community is quickly discovering that its true physiologic role extends far beyond its classical function as a calcium regulator. Indeed, rapidly evolving research is revealing roles for vitamin D in cardiovascular function and blood pressure regulation, brain development and neurological function, and even in the prevention of certain cancers. However, this thesis will focus on its most well-known function secondary to calcium regulation: immunomodulation and its anti-inflammatory capabilities. The last portion of this thesis will present information advocating for the increase in minimum dietary intake of vitamin D from its current value of 800 IU/day to 5,000 IU/day. While a more than 5-fold increase may seem drastic, the tolerable upper limit is at least 10,000 IU/day even by the most conservative of estimates—the true upper limit is probably around 20,000 IU/day and may even be 50,000 IU/day. The global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is so extensive that some authors have even considered it a global pandemic: upwards of 50% of the entire world population may be deficient in this crucial vitamin. Increasing vitamin D supplementation is an extremely low risk way to reduce risk for MS and other diseases.