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Objective: Many Canadian publicly funded recreation facilities have an obesogenic environment. Researchers recommend food and beverage policies to change these environments, however further research is needed to distinguish effective policy approaches. A promising, localized policy approach not yet well evidenced is the use of vending machine contracts with health stipulations to improve nutrition environments. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a sample of Canadian publicly funded recreation facilities with healthy vending contracts had healthier vending machine nutrition profiles than those facilities with conventional contracts. A secondary research objective was to explore the additional influence of policy quality on the health profile of vending machines. Methods: This quantitative study used results from the baseline assessment done of the broader Eat, Play, Live (EPL) initiative. Vending machine audits and questionnaires were completed in participating publicly funded recreation facilities with vending machines (N=46). Vending product profiles were assessed using the Brand Name Food List which categorizes packaged foods according to the BC Guidelines for Vending in Public Buildings. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in the health profile of vending products between facilities with healthy vending contracts and those without. Results: Facilities with healthy vending contracts had significantly healthier vending product profiles compared to facilities with conventional contracts. On average, significantly less availability of unhealthy (DNS) products represented these healthier profiles. Vending profiles did not significantly differ based on higher quality contract health stipulations although sample size limited conclusions about this. Conclusion: Facilities with health stipulated in their contract differed from those without health stipulations. This suggests that healthy vending contracts (even with relatively generic stipulations) may be supportive of improved nutrition environments. / Graduate / 2019-03-29

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Center for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 1998. / This study has been designed to investigate the detrimental effects that may result from the minimal provision of recreation facilities for the youth in Umlazi The theme that has been addressed by the study is: "The constant growth of anti-social behaviour among the black youth in black townships is associated with the lack or neglect of provision, location and accessibility of recreation facilities and programmes in these townships'". The study, therefore, seeks to inform stake holders who provide youth recreation opportunities about the role that recreation participation plays in positively contributing to youth character building. More than one tool has been employed in the study for the collecting the data. These tools are questionnaires, interviews, field observation and available data. For soliciting the information about the youth's recreation participation and their opinions towards the provision of recreation facilities and programmes in Umlazi, questionnaires were used (n =226). Other methods mentioned above assisted the researcher in collecting data pertaining to the Umlazi youth total population, the number of provided recreation facilities, as well as the types of recreation programmes that are found in Umlazi. The collected data were manually analyzed using the available statistical methods of analyzing data. The operational hypotheses of the study are: (a) The inadequate provision of recreation facilities for the youth in the Umlazi township has a negative impact on their behaviour; and (b) The lack of recreation programmes for the youth ofUmlazi township leads to the youth neglecting the existing recreation facilities. The study has 6 chapters. The first four chapters of the study orientates the reader about the research, its rationale and significance; the theory behind research of this nature; the history, and the present state of affairs of the provision of recreation facilities and programmes in the study area; and the detailed discussion of the methods that the study has employed in the collection and analysis of data. In chapter five the actual analysis and interpretation of data is fully treated. The last chapter, chapter six an overall summary, a conclusion and recommendations of the study are presented. The broad findings of the research are the following: (a) The youth like to participate in multi-faceted recreation activities but the recreation facilities and programmes in Umlazi are unavailable; and (b) The provision of "new" recreation facilities for the youth in Umlazi must be accompanied by relevant recreation programmes. The availability of these recreation programmes will ensure the correct and constant usage of the recreation facilities. The recommendations that are presented by the study take into consideration the following: (a) For the provision of recreation facilities and programmes in Umlazi, a needs survey to be conducted among the youth is needed; (b) A recreation office manned by qualified and experienced staff to see to it that youth recreation programmes that are relevant to the needs of the youth are being conducted must be established in Umlazi or in the Durban South Central Local Council. (c) The location of recreation facilities and programmes must take into consideration accessibility to the clientele intended to be served; and (d) Private agencies as providers of recreation opportunities and facilities must be encouraged to invest in the recreation field in Umlazi. The study implies that the once neglected field of the youth recreation among the blacks must be re-addressed. In re-addressing this field thorough surveys need to be conducted about the clientele needs, and how these needs must be addressed using the basic economic principle of demand and supply. / Centre for Science Development in South Africa

In this chapter, the recreational facilities included as part of the proposed hydroelectric facility were examined and analyzed from several prospectives. From a national accounting perspective, the Recreation Ponds Area was found to have a benefit-cost ratio greater than one if the high valuation of $2025 per user-day was used to estimate benefits o At lower valuation figures, the justification of the RPA on efficiency grounds becomes more questionable. The recreation area will have a positive impact on the study region's economy through increased economic activity and resident use, however, a complete assessment of local benefits and costs was not made. It appears that the incidence of the recreation facility's benefits and costs are such to result in an income transfer from electricity users (assuming the recreation facility's costs are reflected electric rates) to its recreation facility's uses. There is no economic rationale to justify this transfer nor to lead to the conclusion that this transfer is undesirable. In terms of the "Code of Federal Regulations," there is some question as to whether the RPA is required in the hydroelectric facility because it is separate from the pump-storage reservoirs. However, it appears that the FPC has established a "rule of thumb" requiring recreational facilities in conjunction with such facilities. / Master of Science

This thesis establishes priorities for recreation expenditures in Cache County, Utah. This is achieved by comparing the supply and demand of facilities for the most popular activities in order to determine \Vhere there are deficiencies. Once these priorities have been determined, the problem of where the facilities to meet these priorities should be located is discussed. Recommendations are made as to what needs to be done to specifically locate these facilities.

Inner ring suburbs are vulnerable as they face continual downward pressure amidst increasingly complex post-industrial regional dynamics. Many suburban policymakers focus on housing and commercial development when considering ways to improve their localities through the built environment; they often overlook the potential benefits of community-oriented infrastructure -- namely public libraries, neighborhood recreation facilities, and community festivals/events -- as a catalyst for encouraging economic development and neighborhood social capital. This study asks whether inner ring suburbs that offer vibrant community institutions exhibit greater levels of resilience capacity than those with less vibrant community facilities. Across the country government officials target community institutions for service reduction and/or closure in high-profile proposals to balance budgets in a tight economy. In a number of high-profile urban library budget fights, community protestors cite their library's functions as a safe environment for children after school to socialize and study, a place for public internet access and engaging programming, and as the hub of the community. Such accounts offer a glimpse into the value of community institutions in the making of place. Suburbs are competing to gain and maintain their base of residents in a highly mobile and competitive environment. Tiebout (1956) theorizes that this ease of mobility allows people to act as consumers who choose the community package of services/amenities that best meets their budget and preferences. The group of community institutions at the center of this study - public libraries, parks and recreation facilities, and community festivals/events -- are part of a wider architecture of local community infrastructure that composes a community's package of services and amenities. Public schools are an important element of that community infrastructure and the one that is most often considered to add value to suburban localities. Although public schools are unquestionably a vital community institution, this dissertation challenges the narrative that school quality is the prime suburban value-generator by measuring the value to local resilience of school quality against the vibrancy of these other kinds of community institutions that may nurture community life in different ways. This work addresses three main gaps in the literature. Work measuring the value of, and understanding the effects of, community institutions in local places is scant. Studies linking resilience capacity to a place's institutional fabric often overlook public-oriented, taxpayer-funded, place-based facilities in favor of an emphasis on non-profit organizations. A regional approach with a focus on effects in inner ring suburbs is rare. Through a mixed methods approach utilizing exploratory data analysis and qualitative content analysis on the inner ring Pennsylvania suburbs surrounding Philadelphia, this research considers the effects of community institutions on each of three previously identified resilience components: economic strength, socio-demographic appeal, and community connectivity. Results suggest that townships with middling or low school quality may be supporting forms of community institutions other than public schools as a way to increase appeal when the schools alone are not a sufficient draw. Furthermore, townships possibly gain resilience value from promoting community institutions in an active way. Other findings shed new light on people-oriented approaches to inner ring suburban resilience and sustainable regional development that may be gaining relevance in the context of 21st century place dynamics. / Geography

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / Increased useer intensity of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park and Monument required the national park service and the Colorado River outfitters association to adopt new policies to improve the quality of river trips and to protect the river. This study was undertaken to gain a greater awareness and understanding of visitor expectations, perceptions, interactions, satisfactions and dissatisfactions by analysis of response to a questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 2,622 past river runners from which a 65 percent return was received. Analysis of individual question tabulation and multivariate data-cluster analysis were performed. Users found crowding or user density to be at least tolerable. The largest group of runners were average in wilderness or other activities, and low relative to less strenuous activities. A large group of runners had relatively little experience in the wilderness. A large group of runners enjoyed the trip, desired more regulations, and were moderate about taking more trips. A large group rated the trip as a wilderness adventure which provided the opportunity to 'get away'. Cluster analysis is shown to be a useful tool of policy-making institutions.

From the Proceedings of the 1972 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - May 5-6, 1972, Prescott, Arizona / Pressure is being brought to bear on national resources of air, earth, and water in the growing cities in the arid southwest. Legal questions involved in capturing urban runoff and putting it to a beneficial use are examined. Urbanization of a watershed results in a 3 to 5 fold increase in runoff amounts. Legal aspects include tort liability from floods, water rights to the increased flows, land use restrictions along banks and flood plains, condemnation of land for park development and flowage easements, financing problems, zoning applications, and coordination of governmental bodies responsible for parks, storm drainage and related services. Urban runoff is the most obvious legal problem in the tort liability area. It appears feasible to divert small quantities of water from urban wastes for recreational uses which provide flood control benefits. It appears that municipalities could appropriate increased flows caused by urbanization. The ultimate legal questions remain to be resolved by legislation, litigation or extension of the appropriative system.

From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / The 14.6 miles of the Colorado River bounded by Parker Dam and Headgate Rock Dam has been referred to as the Parker Strip. This river reach has become a high use recreation area during the past decade with 4,000 permanent residents and as many as 120,000 water enthusiasts on long weekends. The riparian area of the river is heavily clustered with mobile homes, marinas and public beaches. The means of sewage disposal is exclusively via septic tanks. Recent surveys by the Environmental Protection Agency, Arizona State Department of Public Health and the University of Arizona have localized surface water bacteria levels that may indicate a developing groundwater problem. The geohydrology of the area indicates that the septic tanks are located in Post -Pliocene Colorado River deposits. The deposits are quite thin and relatively narrow. Since the deposits are locally derived sands and gravels, the horizontal hydraulic conductivities are such that a relatively short flow time to the river may result. Intensive evaluation of the degradation of the water quality in these deposits is needed to determine if the ground water supply was jeopardized by septic tank systems.