published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Maiken Schulz. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-51). / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER I - --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER II - --- THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF RECYCLING --- p.4 / Municipal Solid Waste --- p.4 / The Waste Problem --- p.4 / Ways to Reduce the Waste Volume --- p.6 / Recycling Principals --- p.10 / When to recycle --- p.10 / What to recycle --- p.11 / How to recycle --- p.13 / The economics of recycling --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER III - --- HONG KONG --- p.16 / Hong Kong's Waste Problem --- p.16 / Waste Content --- p.17 / Reasons for the Waste Problem --- p.18 / Increasing hygiene and convenience: --- p.18 / Lack of material re-using schemes: --- p.19 / Underdeveloped recycling of household waste: --- p.19 / Lack of environmental consciousness: --- p.19 / Hong Kong's Waste Management --- p.21 / Looking back: Waste handling --- p.21 / Landfills --- p.21 / Looking Ahead: The Waste Reduction Framework Plan --- p.23 / Hong Kong's Waste Recovery Industry --- p.23 / Focus on Recycling --- p.26 / Creating awareness --- p.26 / Material Selection --- p.27 / Collection system --- p.27 / Summary --- p.28 / Required Improvements --- p.28 / Separation --- p.28 / Collection --- p.29 / Reprocessing --- p.29 / Marketing --- p.29 / Conclusion --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER IV - --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.31 / Conceptual framework： the theory of reasoned action model --- p.31 / Conceptual Model --- p.31 / How the theory works --- p.32 / Modifying the original model --- p.33 / Research Design --- p.34 / Hypothesis setting --- p.35 / Data collection --- p.37 / Analysis --- p.37 / Structured Equation Modelling --- p.39 / Test for Model Fit --- p.39 / Financial Incentives --- p.40 / Implications and Recommendations --- p.41 / Implications of the findings --- p.41 / Attitude towards the Act --- p.41 / Subjective Norm --- p.42 / Feasible approach to waste reduction through recycling --- p.43 / APPENDIX --- p.46 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.49

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1993. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2942. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-107).

Thesis (M.Tech.: Marketing)-Dept. of Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2006 xii, 152 leaves / Consumer attitudes play an important role when it comes to waste management. Consumers, who purchase any number of packaged goods also dispose of or discard waste in large quantities. In the business sector the introduction of new technologies in the production cycle is imperative, and this technology involves discovering more cost effective methods of reducing and reusing solid waste as a resource. The challenge for the eThekwini Municipality is to discover ways to reduce the volume of waste disposed at the landfills. This study determines the attitudes of consumers towards curbside recycling specifically within the eThekwini municipal region. This study focuses on various theories and evaluates ways in which waste prevention and reduction initiatives can be employed to protect the depletion of natural resources.

Thesis (PhD (Process Engineering)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / My applied engineering research and industrial application work of the past 20 years is presented in this dissertation. It is the conjecture of my work that only if thorough first principles knowledge of the depth of process metallurgy and recycling is available, can meaningful first principles environmental models be developed. These models can then evaluate technology, provide well argued and first principles environmental information to our tax paying consumer society as well as to legislators and environmentalists. Only through this path can one estimate the limits of recycling and its technology, hence evaluate the true boundaries of sustainability. My work with students has presently culminated in the detailed modelling and simulation of recycling systems for post-consumer goods. Notably the models are finding an application in the prediction of legally required recycling rates for automobiles. The models provide first principles arguments for less stringent EU recycling legislation and the integration of the first principles models in computer aided design tools of the automotive industry as part of a large EU 6th Framework (project managed by Volkswagen and the other European car producers). Presently these models are also being converted to model the Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as well as water recycling systems respectively, both for industry in The Netherlands. This unique rigorous integration of systems engineering, reactor technology and process control theory is the basis of all my work to describe recycling systems as dynamic feedback control loops. My large body of acquired industrial knowledge renders these models practical and can hence be used by the automotive and recycling industries. The origins of this work may be found in the various cited publications and reports to industry by myself (due to my close association with industry as well as industrial experience) over the past 20 years as well as the work of my students, covering topics such as: • system optimization models for flotation, mineral beneficiation and recycling systems and applying these for design for recycling and argue for better/improved first-principles based legislation, • industrial measurement, modelling and simulation of industrial extractive process pyrometallurgical reactors as well waste incinerators and recycling plants, • various activities in other areas such as hydrometallurgy, clean and new breakthrough technology, and • process control of industrial metallurgical reactors by among others the application of artificial intelligence techniques. All the ideas of the last years have been worked out with students and have been summarized in our book: “The Metrics of Material and Metal Ecology, Harmonizing the resource, technology and environmental cycles”.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global quest for sustainability has intensified the requirement for waste recycling in a number of countries. Waste recycle includes Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), which emanates from the demolition of buildings and other civil engineering structures. In Europe, the United States, China, and Australia, waste recycling has proven to be successful, both structurally and functionally. In particular, the consideration and /or use of CDW in pavement layers remain on the increase. However, in Southern Africa the use and/or application of CDW and its allied practice is limited; the abundant natural aggregates, the lack of knowledge and technical expertise besides the availability of suitable CDW remain the prominent reasons for its limited consideration. In this research, recycled material infers to Construction and Demolition Waste pertaining to Recycled Concrete and Masonry (RCM). The quality and the type of RCM vary from region to region and as a result, quality control measures aimed at limiting the inconsistency are usually required. Results revealed that secondary crushing influences the physical and mechanical behaviour of RCM aggregates; this information remains insightful in terms of material gradation, performance and viability. The compaction protocol followed and its findings revealed that the initial material grading lightly changed after compaction. However, the 10% FACT results showed that the RCM aggregates exhibit less degradation due to crushing when dry than when they are wet. It is eminent that compaction and/or densification are a cheaper method to improve the pavement layer structural capacity. However, this is reliant on material characteristics, quality, and type. With this cognisance, an experimental program in line with RCM aimed at assessing the mechanical behaviour was developed. The experimental variables include mix composition, mixing and compaction moisture as well as degree of compaction and/or compactive effort. In general, the laboratory evaluation and analysis of the results showed that the mix composition in addition to compaction moisture and the degree of compaction were influential to the obtained shear strength, resilient modulus and Poisson Ratio. Particularly, mix composition exhibited relatively higher influence on the resilient modulus while the compaction moisture effect on the Poisson Ratio dominated other investigated variables such as mix composition and the degree of compaction. Shear strength and resilient response results show that RCM exhibits significant shear strength due to its cohesion, and satisfactory resilient modulus. Pavement analysis and design using multi-layer linear-elastic model and transfer functions in pavement layers where RCM is used also revealed that this material could perform satisfactorily. It was deduced that RCM is a viable material type to consider in the construction of pavement layers that carry low to moderate levels of traffic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die globale beweging na meer onderhoubare aktiwiteite het gelei tot die ʼn toename in vereistes met betrekking tot herwinning van rommel. Rommelherwinning sluit materiaal van bouwerke en ander siviele strukture in. In Europa, Amerika, China en Australië het die herwinning van afval materiaal tot groot sukses gelei. Spesifiek die gebruik van geselekteerde bourommel in padlae bleik om toe te neem. In Suid -Afrika word die materiaal net in enkele geïsoleerde gevalle gebruik as gevolg van die onderbreking van tegniese kennis met betrekking tot die toeganklikheid en bruikbaarheid van die materiaal. Ook, tans geniet die gebruik van gebreekte klip voorrang omdat die verbruiker glo dat daar nog baie van hierdie materiaal beskikbaar is. In hierdie navorsing verwys bourommel spesifiek na herwinde beton en boustene. Die “kwaliteit” van boustene in verskillende gebiede varieer en as ‘n gevolg moet kwaliteitskontroles toegepas word om hierdie te beperk. Resultate in diè navorsing het gewys dat sekondêre klipbreking/vergruising die fisiese en meganiese gedrag van “bourommel aggregaat” beïnvloed. Die 10% FACT (Fynstof Aggregaat Breekwaarde) resultate het ook gewys dat geselekteerde bourommel minder degradasie ondervind as dit droog is in vergelyking met nat materiaal. Goeie kompaksie van die tipe materiale word erken as een van die goedkoopste maniere om die gedrag daarvan in plaveisellae te verbeter. Dit is wel afhanklik van materiaal karakteristieke, kwaliteit en tipe materiaal. Hierdie faktore is ingesluit in die eksperimentele plan wat eienskappe soos mengsel komposisie, meng en kompaksie voginhoud sowel as graad van kompaksie insluit. Die resultate van die laboratorium analise het gewys dat die mengkomposisie, vog tydens kompaksie en graad van kompaksie ʼn invloed op die skuifsterkte, veerkragsmodulus en die Poisson verhouding het. Veral die mengkomposisie het ʼn merkwaardige invloed op die veerkragmodulus gehad, terwyl die voginhoud tydens kompaksie die grootste invloed op die Poissonverhouding gehad het. Die skuifsterkte (agv hoë kohesie) en veerkragsmodulus van geselekteerde bourommel dui aanvaarbare resultate vir die gebruik in paaie, spesifiek in padlae waar lae spanningsvlakke ondervind word,soos deur liniere elastiese berekeninge gewys is.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (MTech (Agriculture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / A study was carried out at Bien Donné Experimental Farm, near Paarl in the Western Cape Region (South Africa), to evaluate the performance of solid winery waste compost (WWC) and inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K, 2:3:4 (30) - 5g Zn%) on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. cycla). The experimental plot was fertilized as per treatment with WWC (100% and 400% equivalent recommended fertilizer application using N as reference mineral) and inorganic fertilizer. The experimental design was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments (control- without compost and inorganic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizer-2:3:4 (30) - 5g Zn% and LAN (28), WWC application at different application rates were (3485g/plot) (100%) and (13939g/plot) (400%)) replicated four times. Soil analysis showed that the experimental plot is dominated by sandy soil structure. Results of mineral analysis after application of treatments showed a significant (p>0.05) drop in soil pH over time in the untreated control and application of 400% WWC significantly (p<0.05) raised soil pH compared with the control. The application of mineral fertilizer showed significant (p<0.05) increase in soil P compared with the other treatments. However, WWC picked up significant (p<0.05) speed above inorganic fertilizer, thus making P available to the soil than NPK mineral fertilizer. A significant (p<0.05) drop in soil K content by 21% over time on amended soil with inorganic fertilizer treatment was observed. However, the application of WWC at 300 and 400% significantly (p<0.05) raised the soil K by 54.93 and 73.06% respectively. There were no significant differences in soil Ca over time, but high soil Ca concentrations from WWC (100%) were recorded compared to inorganic treatment that showed the lowest soil Ca concentration. There was a slight drop in soil Na over time in control and soil amended with inorganic fertilizer. The effects of the treatment on Mg values were not so prominent, suggesting that concentrations of nutrients are less essential characteristics of the soil or small portion of nutrients were readily available on the soil.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography). Johannesburg, 11 June 2017. / Reclaimer integration in South Africa has been identified as a priority, but how to integrate reclaimers remains a challenge. Crucially, there is not yet a coherent approach or a clear understanding of what reclaimer integration means in South Africa, let alone whether this same understanding of integration is shared by the reclaimers who are being integrated. By focusing on the integration initiatives of the Environment and Infrastructure Services Department (EISD) and Pikitup, this thesis conducts a comparative study of two reclaimer integration projects in Johannesburg. It investigates the breakdown and mismatch of understandings between social actors who do not share the same view of integration and implications thereof. In doing so, it contributes to discourse on the transformation of Johannesburg’s waste management system. Social constructivism theory by Berger and Luckmann (1966) provides the theoretical grounding for this dissertation by exploring how different milieus and experiences shape people’s understanding of realities. Findings illustrate that there is no clear conceptualisation of integration that underpins waste management policy. Drawing on social constructivism theory, the paper concludes that integration is a socially constructed and contested concept. Essentially, there are inconsistent understandings of integration among different groups of reclaimers as well as officials. For that reason, integration programmes created a new form of exclusion and imposed negative effects on reclaimers. KEYWORDS: Integration, Reclaimers, Waste, Policy, Recycling, cooperatives / LG2018