Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsraelNunesHenrique.pdf: 1394330 bytes, checksum: 72328b064472d745a8632e5b12e4b28c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20 / The treated domestic sewer when available for the agricultural activities provides economy of water of good quality and chemical fertilizers and it motivates to the agricultural activities. In the semi-arid area of Brazil the reuse of water can be an alternative for the coexistence with the shortage of the hydric resources. In this context, the rural workers of the Municipal district of Lagoa Seca, PB, that produce vegetables during all year as source of revenue happening of the family agriculture. Several researches were already accomplished with the purpose of developing technologies of treatment of sewers that produces effluents with smaller risks of transmission of diseases, but guaranteeing appropriate concentrations of nutrients to the irrigated cultures. The present study had as objective to evaluate the sanitary aspects and nutricionais of the effluents of treated sewers in a system formed by a reactor UASB followed by polishing pond. The use of those effluents was also verified in the fertigation of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Compared with treatments of the soil using mineral and organic manuring, the planting of the bell pepper obeyed the statistical planning of blocks random, with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. During the experimental period weekly analyses of the effluents were accomplished and of the culture of bell pepper. The pos-treatment of the sewer in the polishing pond produced effluent with sanitary quality inside of the values recommended by the World Organization of Health (OMS, 1989) for irrigation of vegetables consumed raw. The bell pepper irrigated with effluent of the reactor UASB didn't present significant difference of productivity (at the level of 5% of probability for the test Tukey), when compared to the application of mineral and organic manuring. / O esgoto doméstico tratado quando disponibilizado para as atividades agrícolas proporciona economia de água de boa qualidade e fertilizantes químicos e incentiva às atividades agrícolas. Na região semi-árida do Brasil o reúso de água poderá ser uma alternativa para a convivência com a escassez dos recursos hídricos. Neste contexto, estão inseridos os trabalhadores rurais do Município de Lagoa Seca, PB, que produzem hortaliças durante todo ano como fonte de renda advindo da agricultura familiar. Diversas pesquisas já foram realizadas com a finalidade de desenvolver tecnologias de tratamento de esgotos que produza efluentes com menores riscos de transmissão de doenças, mas garantindo concentrações adequadas de nutrientes às culturas irrigadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos sanitários e nutricionais dos efluentes de esgotos tratados em um sistema formado por um reator UASB seguido de lagoa de polimento. Também foi verificada a utilização desses efluentes na fertirrigação de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.). Comparada com tratamentos do solo utilizando adubação mineral e orgânica, o plantio do pimentão obedeceu ao delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Durante o período experimental foram realizadas análises semanais dos efluentes e da cultura de pimentão. O pós-tratamento do esgoto na lagoa de polimento produziu efluente com qualidade sanitária dentro dos valores recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS, 1989) para irrigação de vegetais consumidos crus. O pimentão irrigado com efluente do reator UASB não apresentou diferença significativa de produtividade (ao nível de 5% de probabilidade pelo teste Tukey), quando comparado à aplicação de adubação mineral e orgânica.

Eutrophication is a consequence of excess nutrients in the water which leads to increased algaegrowth, reduced water transparency and hypoxic bottoms. This is the biggest environmental problemfor the Baltic Sea which recently has resulted in stricter legislations and other initiatives to help theBaltic Sea to recover. However, the actions to reduce the nutrient input to the Baltic Sea have so farmainly been land-based. These actions seem to not be enough since the eutrophication continues tobe a problem for the Baltic Sea. Farming blue mussels has shown to have a mitigating effect on theeutrophication and could thus be a complementary action. Blue mussels are filter-feeding specieswhich means that they filter water for food and thus eat phytoplankton and accumulate nutrients atthe same time. When the blue mussels are removed from the sea, so is the nutrients accumulated inthe mussels, resulting in a mitigation of nutrients and thereby the eutrophication. Due to the brackishwater with the low salinity in the Baltic Sea, the blue mussels farmed there do not grow bigger thanaround 3 cm. This means that the mussels are not suitable for human food production and theharvested mussels need to be used for something else, even though the farming itself is anenvironmental action. Three possible mussel products from valorisation of the Baltic Sea blue musselshave been identified; producing mussel meal, biogas or compost.Region Östergötland is involved in a project, Baltic Blue Growth, with the main objective to study howto use mussel farming as an environmental measure and which of the three valorisation options is themost beneficial from an environmental perspective. This study is a part of their investigation to reachtheir goal and will study their mussel farm in St. Anna and the three valorisation options from anenvironmental perspective. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the net nutrient reduction froma mussel farm in the Baltic Sea in combination with the contribution to climate change. This is donefrom a life cycle perspective to include the valorisation of the mussels into the different productsmussel meal, biogas or compost. For this, an existing farm in the archipelago of St. Anna, Östergötland,Sweden is studied. The main results show that there is a nutrient reduction from the mussel farm andthis is not majorly affected regardless of which valorisation option that is chosen. However, the musselfarm does have an impact on climate change and the magnitude of the impact varies for the threevalorisation options. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the result from the life cycle canbe improved with future improvements of the mussel farm and transportation. The nutrient reductioncan become larger and the impact on the climate change can be reduced. Outside the result from thelife cycle analysis it is discussed that there are other future improvement possibilities in the productionof the mussel products, which would impact the result. The mussel farm and the mussel products alsohave other positive impacts that is not included in the life cycle analysis but discussed in the study,such as increased water transparency, recycling of nutrients and reduction of over fishing. However,the mussel farm could also have negative impacts, such as emissions of microplastics and locallyincreased sedimentation which affect the hypoxia. Those are discussed in this study but the probabilityand possible impact of them are not fully investigated and need further research.

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Banca: Beno Wendling / Banca: João Antônio Galbiatti / Banca: Regina Maria Quintão Lana / Banca: Elias Nascentes Borges / Resumo: A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis. / Abstract: Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_aa_dr_jabo.pdf: 637049 bytes, checksum: 5ae6ccd522ca36efab6ebab2ca5ea62e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sansuy S.A. Industria de Plasticos / Universidade Federal de Uberlandia / A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis. / Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable.