The Red Lake greenstone belt is considered to be one of Canada’s premier gold producing regions with the Red Lake Gold Mines having produced >24 million ounces of gold to date. The East Bay Trend is a large structural corridor that parallels the East Bay of Red Lake, Ontario and is interpreted to be a manifestation of the regional D1 structure that crosscuts this complexly folded greenstone belt. The southernmost 8 km of this corridor is host to a variety of small gold deposits that demonstrate an assortment of mineralization styles. This study aims to: (1) better define veining styles and characterize the mineralizing fluids using petrography, fluid inclusions, geochronology and stable isotopes, (2) compare barren and auriferous veins from deposits along the East Bay Trend, and (3) compare the fluid history of the East Bay Trend to the Campbell-Red Lake gold deposit to determine the gold potential along this trend.

Greenstone belts have been recognized as highly prospective settings for high grade gold mineralization, and are host to a number of world class quartz-carbonate vein deposits, which account for approximately 13% of the cumulative global gold production. In Canada, the Archean Red Lake Greenstone Belt hosts one of Canada’s richest gold districts (cumulative production to 2008 of over 24 M oz at 0.461 oz/t). Recently, there have been many discoveries in the district including the Gold Eagle occurrence (also referred to as the Bruce Channel Deposit and Cochenour project), which has an inferred resource of 2.7 million ounces of gold at an average grade of 11.04 g/t Au. The auriferous ore zones in the Gold Eagle Deposit are hosted in volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Balmer Assemblage (2.99-2.96 Ga), which is controlled by a major north trending, west dipping deformation corridor sub-parallel to the Balmer Assemblage-Bruce Channel Assemblage contact. The vertical extent of the mineralization is controlled by the “Cochenour Thrust” that extends into the adjacent Cochenour-Willans Mine. The four main ore zones are structurally controlled within a NS, west dipping fault corridor and consist of: 1) the quartz-actinolite zone; 2) banded iron formations, 3) sulphide replacement zones and 4) footwall ore zones. The deposit has undergone pervasive pre-ore biotite and carbonate alteration, two gold events with the first associated with silicification and late actinolite-tremolite and the second associated with arsenopyrite sulphidation and iron-rich biotite and post-ore quartz and carbonate veinlets. Late faults (including black line faults) have contributed to the complexity and discontinuity of the ore bodies. / Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-03-30 10:53:12.446

The Red Lake greenstone belt is considered to be one of Canada’s premier gold producing regions with the Red Lake Gold Mines having produced >24 million ounces of gold to date. The East Bay Trend is a large structural corridor that parallels the East Bay of Red Lake, Ontario and is interpreted to be a manifestation of the regional D1 structure that crosscuts this complexly folded greenstone belt. The southernmost 8 km of this corridor is host to a variety of small gold deposits that demonstrate an assortment of mineralization styles. This study aims to: (1) better define veining styles and characterize the mineralizing fluids using petrography, fluid inclusions, geochronology and stable isotopes, (2) compare barren and auriferous veins from deposits along the East Bay Trend, and (3) compare the fluid history of the East Bay Trend to the Campbell-Red Lake gold deposit to determine the gold potential along this trend.

Advancements in technology in mining have allowed previously unfeasible ore bodies to be developed. Paste backfill is one technological advancement that has allowed for the development of high-grade, low tonne production when employing the cut and fill mining method. Goldcorp Inc.'s Red Lake Mine currently utilizes this method and is the site for the study of this thesis. Paste backfill (paste) is defined as a mine backfill material that consists of eighty-five percent solids by weight and does not bleed water when placed often consisting of between two and fifteen percent Portland cement by weight. A paste barricade or paste fill fence is a constructed barricade whose purpose is to retain backfill within a mined out stope. The construction of the barricade varies with different operations, for Red Lake Mine the barricade consists of an anchored rebar skeleton covered with an adequate thickness of shotcrete. The majority of the applicable barricade research focuses on hydraulic fill barricades in open stope mining. The barricade pressures in these instances are much larger than those experienced in paste backfill barricades. As such, the current paste loading theory is based on material with a different loading mechanism. Although some research is currently underway, the majority of the barricade research is based on brick barricades and not the shotcrete, rebar skeleton as used at Red Lake. Catastrophic failures of barricades can occur without an understanding of the loading mechanisms. Based on the catastrophic risk, this thesis provides an investigation into the behaviour of the paste backfill and paste barricades at Red Lake Mine in order to provide a safe, cost effective design of paste barricades. This thesis develops an understanding of paste loading mechanisms and barricade capacity derived from a field study of nine instrumented fill fences at Red Lake Mine. Eight of thefences were instrumented to monitor the reaction strain in the fence and the applied pressures during standard production paste pours, the ninth fence was a controlled destructive test that determined the ultimate capacity of the fence. The data for these tests were gathered in real time and was subsequently reduced to assist in analysis. Yield Line Theory, Rankine Theory, strain induced stress, stress vs. strain analysis and numerical modeling were used to develop an understanding of the paste loading mechanisms and the capacity of the paste fill barricades. The analysis determined that the paste backfill behaves as a Rankine-like soil in the initial stages of loading with an average coefficient of lateral earth pressure, Ka, of 0.56. The destructive test determined that the yielding stress of a paste barricade is approximately 100 kPa. Further findings from the research determined that the rate of placement of paste does effect the loads applied to the fence and that the largest pressures exerted on the fill fence occur when paste lines were flushed with water at the end of the pour. This thesis provides an understanding of the paste loading and fill fence interaction with respect to failure. Based on this research the Red Lake Mine should be able to increase production without increasing risk to mine personnel by quantifying the overall loading and strengths of the fill barricade.

Advancements in technology in mining have allowed previously unfeasible ore bodies to be developed. Paste backfill is one technological advancement that has allowed for the development of high-grade, low tonne production when employing the cut and fill mining method. Goldcorp Inc.'s Red Lake Mine currently utilizes this method and is the site for the study of this thesis. Paste backfill (paste) is defined as a mine backfill material that consists of eighty-five percent solids by weight and does not bleed water when placed often consisting of between two and fifteen percent Portland cement by weight. A paste barricade or paste fill fence is a constructed barricade whose purpose is to retain backfill within a mined out stope. The construction of the barricade varies with different operations, for Red Lake Mine the barricade consists of an anchored rebar skeleton covered with an adequate thickness of shotcrete. The majority of the applicable barricade research focuses on hydraulic fill barricades in open stope mining. The barricade pressures in these instances are much larger than those experienced in paste backfill barricades. As such, the current paste loading theory is based on material with a different loading mechanism. Although some research is currently underway, the majority of the barricade research is based on brick barricades and not the shotcrete, rebar skeleton as used at Red Lake. Catastrophic failures of barricades can occur without an understanding of the loading mechanisms. Based on the catastrophic risk, this thesis provides an investigation into the behaviour of the paste backfill and paste barricades at Red Lake Mine in order to provide a safe, cost effective design of paste barricades. This thesis develops an understanding of paste loading mechanisms and barricade capacity derived from a field study of nine instrumented fill fences at Red Lake Mine. Eight of thefences were instrumented to monitor the reaction strain in the fence and the applied pressures during standard production paste pours, the ninth fence was a controlled destructive test that determined the ultimate capacity of the fence. The data for these tests were gathered in real time and was subsequently reduced to assist in analysis. Yield Line Theory, Rankine Theory, strain induced stress, stress vs. strain analysis and numerical modeling were used to develop an understanding of the paste loading mechanisms and the capacity of the paste fill barricades. The analysis determined that the paste backfill behaves as a Rankine-like soil in the initial stages of loading with an average coefficient of lateral earth pressure, Ka, of 0.56. The destructive test determined that the yielding stress of a paste barricade is approximately 100 kPa. Further findings from the research determined that the rate of placement of paste does effect the loads applied to the fence and that the largest pressures exerted on the fill fence occur when paste lines were flushed with water at the end of the pour. This thesis provides an understanding of the paste loading and fill fence interaction with respect to failure. Based on this research the Red Lake Mine should be able to increase production without increasing risk to mine personnel by quantifying the overall loading and strengths of the fill barricade.

Advancements in technology in mining have allowed previously unfeasible ore bodies to be developed. Paste backfill is one technological advancement that has allowed for the development of high-grade, low tonne production when employing the cut and fill mining method. Goldcorp Inc.'s Red Lake Mine currently utilizes this method and is the site for the study of this thesis. Paste backfill (paste) is defined as a mine backfill material that consists of eighty-five percent solids by weight and does not bleed water when placed often consisting of between two and fifteen percent Portland cement by weight. A paste barricade or paste fill fence is a constructed barricade whose purpose is to retain backfill within a mined out stope. The construction of the barricade varies with different operations, for Red Lake Mine the barricade consists of an anchored rebar skeleton covered with an adequate thickness of shotcrete. The majority of the applicable barricade research focuses on hydraulic fill barricades in open stope mining. The barricade pressures in these instances are much larger than those experienced in paste backfill barricades. As such, the current paste loading theory is based on material with a different loading mechanism. Although some research is currently underway, the majority of the barricade research is based on brick barricades and not the shotcrete, rebar skeleton as used at Red Lake. Catastrophic failures of barricades can occur without an understanding of the loading mechanisms. Based on the catastrophic risk, this thesis provides an investigation into the behaviour of the paste backfill and paste barricades at Red Lake Mine in order to provide a safe, cost effective design of paste barricades. This thesis develops an understanding of paste loading mechanisms and barricade capacity derived from a field study of nine instrumented fill fences at Red Lake Mine. Eight of thefences were instrumented to monitor the reaction strain in the fence and the applied pressures during standard production paste pours, the ninth fence was a controlled destructive test that determined the ultimate capacity of the fence. The data for these tests were gathered in real time and was subsequently reduced to assist in analysis. Yield Line Theory, Rankine Theory, strain induced stress, stress vs. strain analysis and numerical modeling were used to develop an understanding of the paste loading mechanisms and the capacity of the paste fill barricades. The analysis determined that the paste backfill behaves as a Rankine-like soil in the initial stages of loading with an average coefficient of lateral earth pressure, Ka, of 0.56. The destructive test determined that the yielding stress of a paste barricade is approximately 100 kPa. Further findings from the research determined that the rate of placement of paste does effect the loads applied to the fence and that the largest pressures exerted on the fill fence occur when paste lines were flushed with water at the end of the pour. This thesis provides an understanding of the paste loading and fill fence interaction with respect to failure. Based on this research the Red Lake Mine should be able to increase production without increasing risk to mine personnel by quantifying the overall loading and strengths of the fill barricade. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of / Graduate

<p> A petrological and geochemical study has been carried out on some Archean mafic and felsic volcans of Dome Township, Central Red Lake area, Ontario. Included are a discussion on petrographic descriptions along with chemical investigations of the rocks and a discussion concerning the general problem of petrogenesis. Analytical methods used are explained, and di scussions of the results are included. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Memento Mori, Latin for “remember thy death,” implores us to be mindful that death is both inevitable and inescapable. What of the records created during the process of dying and about death? Based upon wide-ranging archival research into primary documents, this thesis explores the rich sources of both official, public records, and personal, private ones, relating to mortality on the small-town Canadian frontier before 1950. The community of Red Lake, Ontario, which was established on the frontier as the result of the Red Lake gold rush of 1926, is the subject of a case study. Rather than merely cataloguing sources, this thesis illustrates that by adapting aspects from such archival appraisal methodologies as macroappraisal and documentation strategy, one is able to make available to researchers a wider range of sources relevant to the themes of dying and death. Specifically, by employing a documentation strategy methodology to identify and illuminate the records of human activities surrounding the functions of dying and death, archivists can offer to researchers the opportunity to locate relevant records wherever they may physically be. Since this is an Archival Studies thesis, it does not provide an historical analysis of dying and death, but is an archival study of the types of records related to the theme of mortality on the Canadian frontier: how those records were created, their character, and their capture and preservation in a small community. This thesis is organized into three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One explores some relevant trends in the secondary literature of three fields: archival appraisal and description, small town or local development on the frontier, and dying and death as human activities. Chapter Two sets the context in which the thesis analyzes mortality on the frontier by outlining the relevant history of the Red Lake District of Northwestern Ontario and its pioneers. The focus is especially on the gold-mining boom years from the mid-1920s until shortly after the Second World War. The heart of the thesis, Chapter Three, is a case study of the various records creators, human activities, and resultant records related to mortality. It is organized according to three phases or functional categories surrounding dying, death, and memorialization. The conclusion summarizes the usefulness of the case study, in light of the literature review in Chapter One. It also suggests areas of further research, including aspects not covered herein, of the records of dying and death on the Canadian frontier. The documentation strategy, adapted from the original methods employed by archivists Helen Samuels and Richard Cox, was found to work best when deployed as a research and descriptive tool for exploring and documenting the records of mortality, more so than its original purpose as an acquisition tool. The strategy has wide-ranging usefulness discovering and then describing a “virtual” documentation universe relating to record-generating human functions and activities. / February 2008

Memento Mori, Latin for “remember thy death,” implores us to be mindful that death is both inevitable and inescapable. What of the records created during the process of dying and about death? Based upon wide-ranging archival research into primary documents, this thesis explores the rich sources of both official, public records, and personal, private ones, relating to mortality on the small-town Canadian frontier before 1950. The community of Red Lake, Ontario, which was established on the frontier as the result of the Red Lake gold rush of 1926, is the subject of a case study. Rather than merely cataloguing sources, this thesis illustrates that by adapting aspects from such archival appraisal methodologies as macroappraisal and documentation strategy, one is able to make available to researchers a wider range of sources relevant to the themes of dying and death. Specifically, by employing a documentation strategy methodology to identify and illuminate the records of human activities surrounding the functions of dying and death, archivists can offer to researchers the opportunity to locate relevant records wherever they may physically be. Since this is an Archival Studies thesis, it does not provide an historical analysis of dying and death, but is an archival study of the types of records related to the theme of mortality on the Canadian frontier: how those records were created, their character, and their capture and preservation in a small community. This thesis is organized into three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One explores some relevant trends in the secondary literature of three fields: archival appraisal and description, small town or local development on the frontier, and dying and death as human activities. Chapter Two sets the context in which the thesis analyzes mortality on the frontier by outlining the relevant history of the Red Lake District of Northwestern Ontario and its pioneers. The focus is especially on the gold-mining boom years from the mid-1920s until shortly after the Second World War. The heart of the thesis, Chapter Three, is a case study of the various records creators, human activities, and resultant records related to mortality. It is organized according to three phases or functional categories surrounding dying, death, and memorialization. The conclusion summarizes the usefulness of the case study, in light of the literature review in Chapter One. It also suggests areas of further research, including aspects not covered herein, of the records of dying and death on the Canadian frontier. The documentation strategy, adapted from the original methods employed by archivists Helen Samuels and Richard Cox, was found to work best when deployed as a research and descriptive tool for exploring and documenting the records of mortality, more so than its original purpose as an acquisition tool. The strategy has wide-ranging usefulness discovering and then describing a “virtual” documentation universe relating to record-generating human functions and activities.

Memento Mori, Latin for “remember thy death,” implores us to be mindful that death is both inevitable and inescapable. What of the records created during the process of dying and about death? Based upon wide-ranging archival research into primary documents, this thesis explores the rich sources of both official, public records, and personal, private ones, relating to mortality on the small-town Canadian frontier before 1950. The community of Red Lake, Ontario, which was established on the frontier as the result of the Red Lake gold rush of 1926, is the subject of a case study. Rather than merely cataloguing sources, this thesis illustrates that by adapting aspects from such archival appraisal methodologies as macroappraisal and documentation strategy, one is able to make available to researchers a wider range of sources relevant to the themes of dying and death. Specifically, by employing a documentation strategy methodology to identify and illuminate the records of human activities surrounding the functions of dying and death, archivists can offer to researchers the opportunity to locate relevant records wherever they may physically be. Since this is an Archival Studies thesis, it does not provide an historical analysis of dying and death, but is an archival study of the types of records related to the theme of mortality on the Canadian frontier: how those records were created, their character, and their capture and preservation in a small community. This thesis is organized into three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One explores some relevant trends in the secondary literature of three fields: archival appraisal and description, small town or local development on the frontier, and dying and death as human activities. Chapter Two sets the context in which the thesis analyzes mortality on the frontier by outlining the relevant history of the Red Lake District of Northwestern Ontario and its pioneers. The focus is especially on the gold-mining boom years from the mid-1920s until shortly after the Second World War. The heart of the thesis, Chapter Three, is a case study of the various records creators, human activities, and resultant records related to mortality. It is organized according to three phases or functional categories surrounding dying, death, and memorialization. The conclusion summarizes the usefulness of the case study, in light of the literature review in Chapter One. It also suggests areas of further research, including aspects not covered herein, of the records of dying and death on the Canadian frontier. The documentation strategy, adapted from the original methods employed by archivists Helen Samuels and Richard Cox, was found to work best when deployed as a research and descriptive tool for exploring and documenting the records of mortality, more so than its original purpose as an acquisition tool. The strategy has wide-ranging usefulness discovering and then describing a “virtual” documentation universe relating to record-generating human functions and activities.