In the first part of this article develops concepts and policy aspects of the right to health, in order to reveal the nature of the interference of the State in the field of health and the content of the law that aims to protect and restore with the exercise of administrative powers to impose penalties; also formulates a brief overview of health reform in the Peru, undertaken with the package of legislative decrees issued by the Executive, published between September 12 and December 07, the year 2013, in accordance with the powers conferred by the legislature through the law N ° 30073, in order to explain the context in which was given powers to impose penalties in the field of health the national Superintendence of health (SUSALUD).The central aspect of the proposal is the administrative penalties procedure for SUSALUD: its background, actors, structure, infractions, sanctions, interim measures and corrective measures; finally, a few lines are dedicated to the transfer of the competence to protect the rights of consumers of health services of INDECOPI to SUSALUD. / En la primera parte del presente artículo se desarrollan conceptos y aspectos normativos del derecho a la salud, a fin de evidenciar la naturaleza de la injerencia del Estado en el ámbito de la salud y el contenido del derecho que se pretende proteger y restituir con el ejercicio de la potestad sancionadora administrativa; asimismo, se formula una breve reseña de la Reformade Salud en el Perú, emprendida con el paquete de decretos legislativos emitidos por el Ejecutivo, publicados entre el 12 de septiembre y el 07 de diciembre del año 2013, conforme a las facultades conferidas por el Legislativo mediante la Ley N° 30073, con la finalidad de exponer el contexto en el cual se confirió la potestad sancionadora en materia de salud a la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud (SUSALUD). En el aspecto central de la propuestase presenta el procedimiento administrativo sancionador de SUSALUD: Sus antecedentes, actores, estructura, infracciones, sanciones, medidas provisionales y medidas correctivas; finalmente, se dedican unas líneas a la transferencia de la competencia de proteger los derechos de los consumidores de servicios de salud de INDECOPI a SUSALUD.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The historical of the mental health has been marked by the discrimination, exclusion and removal of the persons with mental upset of the society. In this sense, one has like objective, to analyses the understanding of active nurses in mental health about the compulsory admissions and involuntary proposals for the Law of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. It is the question of an exploratory-descriptive inquiry with qualitative approach carried out in unities of psychiatric admission in general hospitals and services substitutive in the area of mental health of the Only System of Health in the local authority of Saint Maria. The data collection took place of March to May of 2014, through interview semi-structured with open question, developed in individual and carved form, in a room reserved in the above-mentioned services with eight active nurses in mental health. For so much, the next question happened: which his understanding of compulsory and involuntary admission? The data were subjected to the Analysis of Content and 7.0 (Qualitative Research and Solutions) organized with help of the Software Atlas You, it was inspired in the theoretical referential system of Paulo Amarante. They were respected all the aspects ethical of the inquiries with human beings ruled in the Resolution N. 466 of 2012 of the National Council of Health. Of the analysis of the finds from the reading of the content of the interviews, two categories surfaced: compulsory and involuntary admissions: understanding of the active nurses in mental health; and, compulsory and involuntary admission in the professional daily life of the active nurse in mental health. The results showed up that the nurses understand the compulsory and involuntary admissions as something that must be seen besides the disease, since social, economic, familiar factors when they are in imbalance can bring in an admission. They understand that the Law of the Psychiatric Reform brought changes in the presence in mental health, however it is still not totally in accordance with the ideals of the Law, since the changes are situated more specifically in the services without reaching the community, being the fragmentation of the Net of Attention Psychosocial one of the challenges so that the ideal is reached. Another challenge pointed by the nurses there are the readmissions for the precarious adherence of the users to the services substitutive. Besides, the nurses try to establish a communication with the judicial thing in an attempt of reducing the compulsory admissions. The nurses can differentiate the different types of admission, being that the compulsory and involuntary admissions from the understanding of the nurses do not appear effective, but in crisis situations there are still the most used resource. Between the feelings that these two types of admission wake in the nurses they are the satisfaction feeling when they manage to avoid the admissions and it of frustration when they do not manage. It is ended that so that there is a desinstitucionalização, besides the constitution of a Net of Attention continuous and resolute Psychosocial it is necessary to surpass the readmissions that produce the so-called phenomenon revolving-door. / O histórico da saúde mental tem sido marcado pela discriminação, exclusão e afastamento das pessoas com transtorno mental da sociedade. Neste sentido, tem-se como objetivo, analisar a compreensão de enfermeiros atuantes em saúde mental acerca das internações compulsórias e involuntárias propostas pela Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em unidades de internação psiquiátrica em hospitais gerais e serviços substitutivos na área de saúde mental do Sistema Único de Saúde no município de Santa Maria. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a maio de 2014, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com pergunta aberta, desenvolvida de forma individual e gravada, em uma sala reservada nos referidos serviços com oito enfermeiros atuantes em saúde mental. Para tanto, realizou-se a seguinte questão: qual seu entendimento de internação compulsória e involuntária? Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo e organizados com auxílio do Software Atlas Ti 7.0 (Qualitative Research and Solutions), inspirou-se no referencial teórico de Paulo Amarante.. Foram respeitados todos os aspectos éticos das pesquisas com seres humanos pautados na Resolução Nº 466 de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Da análise dos achados a partir da leitura do conteúdo das entrevistas, emergiram duas categorias: internações compulsórias e involuntárias: compreensão dos enfermeiros atuantes em saúde mental; e, internação compulsória e involuntária no cotidiano profissional do enfermeiro atuante em saúde mental. Os resultados evidenciaram que os enfermeiros compreendem as internações compulsórias e involuntárias como algo que deve ser visto além da doença, pois fatores sociais, econômicos, familiares quando se encontram em desequilíbrio podem acarretar em uma internação. Compreendem que a Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica trouxe mudanças na assistência em saúde mental, porém ainda não está totalmente de acordo com os ideais da Lei, pois as mudanças se situam mais especificamente nos serviços não chegando à comunidade, sendo a fragmentação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial um dos desafios para que se alcance o ideal. Outro desafio apontado pelos enfermeiros são as reinternações pela precária aderência dos usuários aos serviços substitutivos. Além disso, os enfermeiros procuram estabelecer uma comunicação com o judiciário em uma tentativa de reduzir as internações compulsórias. Os enfermeiros sabem diferenciar os diferentes tipos de internação, sendo que as internações compulsórias e involuntárias a partir da compreensão dos enfermeiros não se mostram efetivas, mas em situações de crise ainda são o recurso mais utilizado. Entre os sentimentos que esses dois tipos de internação despertam nos enfermeiros estão o sentimento de satisfação quando conseguem evitar as internações e o de frustação quando não conseguem. Conclui-se que para que haja uma desinstitucionalização, além da constituição de uma Rede de Atenção Psicossocial contínua e resolutiva é necessário sobrepujar as reinternações que geram o fenômeno denominado revolving-door ou porta-giratória.

Inhabitants´ Opinions to the Health Service Problems in the Czech Republic The diploma thesis {\clqq}Inhabitants´ Opinions to the Health Service Problems in the Czech Republic`` deals with the problems of the Czech health service. The theoretic part treats of the definitions of the main terms, legislative framework, state health service policy, public health insurance, public finances reform and first of all treats of the new Act on Public Budget Stabilization n. 261/2007 Law Code, effective from January 1st, 2008. Recently there have been discussed the Czech health service problems within the context of publication of the health service reform. The implementation of the regulation fees evokes the atmosphere of disagreement and fear from financial non-capacity in the inhabitants resulting from the fees implementation on particular items of health care. It is necessary to realize that there have been health service problems all the time. But this situation doesn´t apply to the Czech Republic solely. Quite a number of states have to solve the problems and shortcomings of the health service system. To point out these problems, to find out the cause but first of all to find the ways to deal and eliminate problems should be the main objective of the state. The Czech health service needs badly the alternation. It has to tackle the 21st century challenges and at the same time to continue in european tradition which is based on the availibility of health care for all our inhabitants. There are no doubts that population ageing, new medical procedures, services quality requirements and the possibility of co-determination will lead to the significant changes of financing and organization of the health service all over the world. (18) The aim of the diploma thesis is to survey the ideas applying to the health service problems in the Czech Republic by the inhabitants over 18 years old living in Nachod region. In the framework of quantitative research there were used the questioning method (questionnaire) and the method of document analysis (the technique of secondary data analysis). The diploma thesis {\clqq}Inhabitants´Opinion to the Health Service Problems in the Czech Republic`` tries to illustrate comprehensive aspect of the general public to the Czech health service and challenge to study this problem.