This thesis is trying to answer the question: why the labor regime of Taiwan would toward the direction is not conducive to the Taiwan¡¦s labor? There are a large number of previous articles had analyzed the labor regime of Taiwan. Most of them were focused on how the single factor influenced the labor regime¡¦s establishment or on how to analyze the static institute. We argue that approaches had a similar problem is unable to offer an integral explanation, which is no matter how the institute has changed still maintaining not conducive to the Taiwan¡¦s labor. Therefore we aim to broaden the perspection, by evolving the social surroundings, the interactions amount actors and institutions development, to outline a much more comprehensive picture of the labor regime than previous articles could do. This thesis uses path dependence which conception is the historical institutionalist used to explain how the institute be operated and how it had constrained actors¡¦ behavior. I would display my research method as follow. First, as we could see is path dependence not only brought us a far more exhaustive imagination of the labor regime but told us the importance of the diachronic comparison. Therefore the first step of this study sets the time of observation during 1980 to 2010. In order to emerged and convenient to observe the historical development of labor regime, we chosen every ten years for a period of time, which meant that period of chapter 2 would be set within 1980 to 90, chapter 3 would be set within 1990 to 2000, and chapter 4 would be set within 2000 to 10. Then by comparing these three periods¡¦ similarities, we could easily to extract those similarities and recognize the development path of labor regime. Second, we claimed that labor regime is constituted by three components: one is social surroundings, one is institute, and the other is three actors include nation, capital and labor. This thesis had planned that every chapter should to discuss about how those three components influence each other. After comparing those three periods, the major finding is we could explicitly figure out the path of the labor regime which has towards to flexibilize and commoditize the labor market. Beside this conclusion could explain our research question, we also trying to describe the Taiwan¡¦s labor regime a comprehensive imagination.

This thesis compares air/water two-phase flow regime transition models in zero gravity with data and makes recommendations for zero gravity models to incorporate into the RELAP5-3D thermal hydraulic computer code. Data from numerous researchers and experiments are compiled into a large database. A RELAP5-3D model is built to replicate the zero gravity experiments, and flow regime results from the RELAP5-3D code are compared with data. The comparison demonstrates that the current flow regime maps used in the computer code do not scale to zero gravity. A new flow regime map is needed for zero gravity conditions. Three bubbly-to-slug transition models and four slug-to-annular transition models are analyzed and compared with the data. A mathematical method is developed using least squares to objectively compare the accuracy of the models with the data. The models are graded by how well each represents the data. Agreement with data validates the recommendations made for changes to the RELAP5-3D computer code models. For smaller diameter tubes, Dukler’s bubbly-to-slug model best fits the data. For the larger tubes, the Drift Flux model is a better fit. The slug-to-annular transition is modeled best by Creare for small tubes and Reinarts for larger tubes. A major finding of this thesis work is that more air/water data is needed at equally distributed flow velocities and a greater variety of tube diameters. More data is specifically needed in the predicted transition regions made in this study.

Flow regime transitions and the modeling thereof underlie the design of microgravity two-phase systems. Through the use of the zero-g laboratory, microgravity two-phase flows can be studied. Because microgravity two-phase flows exhibit essentially no accelerations (i.e. no buoyancy or gravitational forces), the effects of acceleration on two-phase flow can be decoupled from the effects of other fluid phenomenon. Two-phase systems on earth are understood mostly through empiricisms. Through microgravity two-phase research, a fundamental understanding of two-phase systems can be obtained and applied to both terrestrial systems in space applications. Physically based bubbly-bubbly/slug and bubbly/slug-slug flow regime transition models are introduced in this study. The physical nature of the models demonstrates a new understanding of the governing relationships between coalescence, turbulence, void fraction, boundary layer affects, and the inlet bubble size distribution. Significantly, the new models are dimensionless in addition to being physically derived. New and previous models are evaluated against zero-g data sets. Previous models are not accurate enough for design use. The new models proposed in this study are far more detailed than existing models and are within the precision necessary for most design purposes. Because of the limited data available, further experimental validation is necessary to formally vet the model. Zero-g data set qualification and flight experiment design have not been standardized and as a result, much of the data in the literature can be shown not to represent microgravity conditions. In this study, a set of zero-g quality criteria are developed and used to qualify the data sets available in the literature. The zero-g quality criteria include limitations on buoyancy forces relative to surface tension and inertial forces as well as requirements on acceleration monitoring and flow development length and time. The resulting evaluation of the data sets available in the literature unveils several experiment design shortfalls, which have resulted in data sets being misrepresented as zero-g data sets. The quality standards developed in this study should continue to be improved upon and used in the design of future zero-g fluid experiments. The use of one-g single-phase models in approximating zero-g two-phase experimental data was successfully performed in this study. Specifically the models for pressure drop, friction factor, wall shear, and velocity profile are demonstrated. It is recognized that the mixing apparatus will affect the flow regime transitions, specifically the distribution of bubble sizes that exit the mixing apparatus. Unfortunately, little-to-no information regarding the mixing apparatus used in past experiments can be found in the literature. This will be an area for further developmental research. In summary, the approach to understanding and modeling two-phase phenomenon demonstrated in this study provides tools to future researchers and engineers. Special attention to data qualification and experiment standardization provides a different prospective and interpretation of the currently available data. The physically based and dimensionless modeling demonstrated in this study can be extended to other studies in the field as well as providing a basis for the application of heat transfer modeling to microgravity two-phase systems, specifically boiling and condensation.

NO ENGLISH ABSTRACT.

In order to understand the input of South China Sea Water (SCSW) onto the Kuroshio and the distributions of carbonate parameters in Kuroshio Water (KW), the temperature, salinity, pH and TCO2 were measured for the seawater samples collected from the Kuroshio regime off eastern Taiwan during the cruise ORI 650 in July 2002. The distributions of temperature and salinity show that a front existed approximately along 123.5ºE, which separated the influenced KW by SCSW from typical KW. East of this front the water is characterized by temperature and salinity of KW, while west of it the water was mainly a mixture of the SCSW and the KW. After flowing out from the Luson Straint, the SCSW deflected northward along the east cost of Taiwan, and continuously mixed with the KW. The mixing of SCSW with KW could be traced northward as far as 22ºN and reach as deep as 1250m. Based on the measured carbonate data, the calculated IC/OC ratio ranges from 22% to 23% in the deep water of the Kuroshio region. Additionally, the penetration depth of anthropogenic CO2 was estimated to be about 1200m by using Chen¡¦s equation (Chen et al., 1986). Furthermore, the difference of pCO2 between atmosphere and surface seawater was evaluated to be about -5matm, indicating that the surface water in the study area was nearly saturated with pCO2 during the sampling period.

Dam construction has increased exponentially over the past century, primarily in temperate environments. While the impacts of dams in temperate regions have been well-documented, a parallel level of research on dam impacts has not been achieved in tropical environments. The overall objective of this research was to understand the hydrologic impacts of dams in Costa Rica, a representative case study in a tropical environment. To achieve this objective, the following specific objectives were developed: 1) examine the spatial and temporal trend of large dam development within the country; 2) assess large-scale hydrologic impacts (at the national scale); 3) analyze downstream flow of individual dams to determine regional impacts. Analysis of the spatial trend of dam development utilized a geographic information system. The spatial distribution showed no apparent relation to hydroclimate, and additional land-use analysis indicated that basins containing large dams are primarily covered by either forest or crop. Assessment of large-scale impacts used potential reservoir storage to represent the hydrologic impact. Results indicate that large dams in Costa Rica are having a relatively low impact on the surface water component of the hydrologic cycle compared to temperate regions. However, this analysis revealed that two dams, Arenal and Sandillal, are having a disproportionately significant impact on their individual basins. Analysis of flow regime for individual dams followed standard hydrologic analyses of comparing pre- and post-dam discharge data. Variables analyzed included mean, minimum, and peak flows. Results of these analyses revealed that the Arenal- Corobic-Sandillal dam project have resulted in severe disruption to downstream hydrology for all three dams. In contrast, downstream of Ventanas Dam changes in downstream discharge were smaller than those documented for dams in temperate regions. The results of this research indicate that dam impacts in the tropics may be very different from those documented in temperate environments. Consequently, theories developed for temperate areas regarding expected dam impacts may not apply to tropical regions. This has important implications for hydrology, geomorphology and ecology. This study should serve as a step toward development of a more generalized theory of dam impacts in the tropics.

This is a study on the compliance of China to the World Trade Organization¡¦s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) before and after China¡¦s accession to WTO. The study on pre-accession period focuses on the enactment of China¡¦s patent, copyright and trademark laws in the light of the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. It also focuses China¡¦s adoption, revisions and amendments of the constitution, administrative, criminal, civil, judicial, and legal professional laws and procedures to make enforcements of the intellectual property rights law effective. It likewise shows how the enactment of these laws consistent with the TRIPS Agreement is contributing to the development of the institutions of private property and the rule of law. The result shows that while the pre-accession to WTO would indicate China¡¦s substantial compliance to the TRIPS Agreement, it also focuses on some weaknesses in the laws on the determination of what violation would constitute a criminal act. This problem would manifest later after accession. The post-accession period sharply focuses on the performance of China in the enforcement of their obligations under the TRIPS regime after 2001. The assessment of China¡¦s performance in enforcement focuses on the infringement cases, the complaints filed against China before the dispute settlement mechanisms of WTO, and the multilateral and bilateral reviews on China¡¦s laws and enforcement effort after its accession to WTO. The result shows the over-reliance of China on the administrative rather than the judicial remedies in its internal enforcement effort which resulted in the weak performance of infringement deterrence. The result also notes the shift from the reliance on internal to external measures in the enforcement of intellectual property rights by the trading partners headed by US. The result of the study which shows continuing reforms in the intellectual, civil, criminal and administrative laws after WTO accession to precisely address the issues raised against China in its enforcement effort is an indication of China¡¦s willingness to play by the international rules. While the reforms have not been met with optimism, the WTO¡¦s TRIPS regime provides a sufficient mechanism to deal with China¡¦s TRIPS violations, and more importantly China is positively responding to it.

Recent explorations of hierarchy in international relations have restricted their domain of inquiry to states as aggregate units. Although this has greatly enhanced our understanding of international politics, we know less about what the implications of hierarchy are for domestic politics in subordinate states. Because of the varieties of domestic political control - including violence - employed by great powers, opening up the black box of subordinate state politics can yield new insights into the operations and limits of international hierarchy. Here I outline a theory of political incentivization and link it to a discussion of foreign-imposed regime change, arguing that great powers stabilize politics in subordinate states directly by bolstering preferred regimes and indirectly by threatening to intervene and remove leaders who challenge the status quo. / text

In contrast to the studies of constant or time-varying correlations between stock and bond returns, in this thesis, I explore the regime-dependent correlations between stock and bond returns. Specifically, I start with a comprehensive asset pricing model, i.e., a regime-switching multifactor model, and then investigate the regime-dependent correlations between stock and bond returns. Based on the BIC, the number of regimes in the regime-switching model is optimally determined to be two. For the two regimes, the directions of the regime-dependent correlations appear to be significantly different. Also, the magnitudes of the regime-dependent correlations are substantially larger in these two regimes than the correlation in the single regime. With my findings in the regime-dependent correlations, I then examine the performance of portfolio strategies. Throughout the in-sample and out-of-sample tests, I find that the two portfolio strategies, regime inferred portfolio and probability implied portfolio, can outperform the benchmark, S&P 500.

Two catchments amended with snow fences were paired with unaltered controls to investigate the influences of increased snow accumulation on the hydrology, soil thermal regime, and nutrient fluxes from High Arctic headwater catchments, representative of polar desert and mid-moisture vegetative classes at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO). The impact of augmented snow accumulation on the winter soil thermal regime was highly variable during the period studied. Soil temperatures were 8-9°C warmer beneath a drift 54 cm deep compared to ambient snow (10 cm) in the winter of 2006-2007, whereas soil temperatures were not significantly warmer beneath drifts (88 and 50 cm) compared to ambient snow (18 and 35 cm) in the winter of 2007-2008. Departures between air and ground surface temperatures suggest that snow accumulation was insufficient to insulate soils before February 2007-2008 due to late snow accumulation, compared to earlier snow accumulation in September in the winter of 2006-2007. The augmented snow accumulation did not significantly impact the timing of soil thaw in spring or active layer thickness at this site. Greater snow accumulation in the amended catchments altered runoff characteristics, including an extended duration of runoff by 30-80%, a delay in peak flow of ~5 days, and increased runoff ratios. Augmented snow accumulation, resulted in greater fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) and total inorganic solutes (TIS) in amended catchments relative to control sites. The seasonality of solute fluxes were also affected, with a greater proportion of inorganic solute fluxes occurring in the later portion of the runoff season compared to the controls. Snow accumulation was strong factor in determining total specific solute fluxes, with the magnitude of DOC and DON fluxes also strongly dependent on vegetative class. An active layer detachment that occurred in one of the amended catchments may have contributed to changes in nutrient fluxes, but the precise influence of the active layer detachment could not be differentiated from the combined impact of the disturbance and increased snow accumulation. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-23 10:36:11.833