【目的與理論】 探討「統治現象」的方法有二：一是透過制度研究的方式，第二則是進行統治菁英的研究。本文即是以「人」的角度出發，探討國民黨、民進黨政府執政菁英的生態與差異。並以代表理論延伸至「代表性中央執政菁英」的觀點，以兩千年台灣社會人口統計作為檢視這兩個政權的執政團隊是否具有社會代表性的標準。預期透過這樣的研究，去理解一個統治台灣長達五十年的國民黨，以及成立於一九八六年的新興民進黨，這兩個背景迥然不同的政黨，執政團隊的結構究竟有什麼樣的差異，而其趨勢為何…等，進行初始性的探索與研究。 【研究方法】 本文為國內首起有關中央政府執政菁英組成之比較性研究，必須透過蒐集國史館網站、行政院暨所屬各機關人事名錄、中華民國名人錄…等次級資料，來進行本研究資料庫的建立。預期透過比較兩政府執政菁英的黨籍、性別、省籍、區域、世代及前職等個人變項，去理解這兩個政權是否因為政黨間特色的差異，所以形成了不同的執政菁英生態，並以代表理論作為呼應。 【研究結論】 分析新、舊政權執政菁英的組成生態後，發現落實兩性共治理念的限制、世代的交替、外省族群勢力的全面性撤退、雲嘉南政治菁英的崛起及民進黨政府取才管道的多樣化等。透過比較由遠至近的時間點，印證了執政菁英的組成生態（例如性別、世代、族群及區域等變項）在符合台灣社會人口的代表性上，不是政權交替之後才急遽地產生變化，而是逐漸改變的，雖然其在改變的幅度上有所差異。再者，民進黨政府於取得執政權後逐漸於政務層級中置入實際的政治權力，全民政府的理念僅是首次組閣的政治性宣傳。最後，民進黨執政團隊於可替代性較高的部門及政務層級中，社會人口的代表性較易達成。 / This thesis is an exploratory study of the composition of governing elites on Taiwan. Secondary data analysis is the primary method used in this research. The data of elite profiles are mainly collected from the following sources: (1) a website database on historical figures from the Academia Historica; (2) the official address-book on superintendents of the Executive Yuan and its departments; (3) Who's Who of the Republic of China. This research compared personal variables of governing elites of two regimes, such as party membership, gender, ethnic group, area, generation, and pervious profession. In this way, this study tries to answer whether the characteristic differences between KMT and DPP governments will lead to the different characteristics of the governing elites as depicts in the theory of representative bureaucracy. After analyzing the composition of governing elites of the two regimes, we have following five findings. First, there is a long way to go to gender equality in governing elites regardless a little progress has been made by the DPP. Second, governing elites of DPP government are younger than KMT government. Third, much less elites of mainland Chinese origin are appointed by the DPP than the KMT. Forth, DPP appointed much more southern Taiwanese elites than the KMT does. Lastly, governing elites in DPP government are coming from a more diverse prior professions than those in the KMT government.