Physician well-being has become an important area of interest given that reduced well-being can have a negative effect on patient outcomes. However, research has predominantly focused on impairment thus studies addressing physicians' positive functioning are limited. The purpose of this two-phase, mixed methods study was to investigate the well-being and self-regulation capacity of physicians using a positive psychology lens. In Phase 1, 132 physicians (n = 40 physicians; n = 92 resident physicians) completed online questionnaires to assess their levels of psychological and affective well-being and self-regulation capacity. Selected based on Phase 1 data, 12 physicians then took part in an in-depth individual interview in Phase 2 to discuss their experiences of psychological well-being and self-regulation. Results of Phase 1 showed that physicians and resident physicians had moderate and high levels of self-regulation capacity, respectively. While both groups reported high levels of psychological well-being, they had average levels of positive and negative affect. MANOVAs confirmed the hypothesis that high self-regulating physicians and resident physicians would have higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect compared to those with lower levels. However, those with higher self-regulation capacity did not have lower negative affect, nor did physicians have significantly higher levels of psychological and affective well-being than resident physicians. Regression analyses confirmed the hypothesis that a significant amount of variance in levels of psychological well-being would be explained by self-regulation capacity. There was a particularly strong relationship between self-regulation capacity and the dimensions of purpose in life and environmental mastery, which suggests that physicians who effectively self-manage may be better able to preserve a sense of purpose and an adequate work-life balance in their daily life. A qualitative content analysis of the Phase 2 qualitative data revealed that physicians had both high and low functioning experiences of psychological well-being across the dimensions of self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, and autonomy. They, however, reported high functioning for the dimensions of personal growth and purpose in life. Their experiences also varied based on their professional and personal life contexts, with work-life balance emerging as a prevalent theme. Physicians' self-regulation experiences involved individualized preparation, performance, and evaluation processes that were perceived to influence their well-being. Results of a composite analysis suggest that the development of effective self-regulation skills could be one way to help physicians achieve satisfactory levels of well-being.

Vattenkraft står för stor del av energiproduktionen i Sverige och är nödvändig för elsystemet med sin reglerförmåga. Vattenkraft som inte uppfyller moderna miljövillkor ska komma att omprövas enligt den nationella omprövningsplanen. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur miljöanpassning i Ljungan påverkar energiutvinningen och reglerförmågan som ett underlag med åtgärder för en omprövning. Miljöanpassningar i form av fiskvägar och miljöanpassade flöden syftar till att förbättra den ekologiska statusen. Med data på vattenföringen från SMHI har det undersökts hur stora flödesförluster miljöanpassningarna bidrar till, men också huruvida en utrivning av Storsjödammen påverkar reglerförmågan.  Resultatet visar att vattenföringen i Flåsjön är omvänd mot den naturliga vattenföringen. En utrivning av Storsjödammen skulle innebära att in och utflöde i Flåsjödammen inte går jämt upp och sätter därför krav på magasineringsförmåga. Magasineringsförmågan i Flåsjön skiljer sig mellan åren, Storsjön fylls däremot upp varje år. Fiskvägar och miljöanpassade flöden vid Storsjödammen ger relativt jämna förluster, en energiförlust som motsvarar ett snitt på elva hushåll per månad.  Efterlikna det naturliga flödet är inte möjligt, det skulle innebära stora förluster för reglerförmågan. Utrivningen av Storsjödammen kräver att Flåsjödammen används på ett annat sätt än nuläge. Utrivningen förväntas vid normalår inte ha någon nämnvärd påverkan på reglerförmågan, men kan under torrår påverka negativt. Fiskväg och miljöanpassade flöden har förutsägbara och relativt små energiförluster och de är justerbara över tid. / Hydropower accounts for a large part of the electricity production in Sweden and is necessary for the system due to its fast ability to regulate the electricity production. Old hydropower plants do not meet the modern environmental terms and need new permissions. Purpose with this study is to estimate how adaption to the environment will affect the energy production and regulation capacity in the river of Ljungan. Fish paths and environmental adapted waterflows expect to improve the ecological status. Data of water level from SMHI is used to calculate the difference between now and environmental adaption, and how demolition of the dam of Storsjön affects the regulation ability.  The result presents that there is a reverse waterflow in Flåsjön. Demolition of the dam of Storsjön would mean inflow and outflow in the dam of Flåsjön will differ and to not imply energy loss the water needs storage. The ability of storage in the magazine is different between years when it comes to Flåsjön but is constant in Storsjön. Fish paths and environmental adapted waterflows result in constant losses which represent about eleven households each month.  Simulation of natural waterflow is not possible due to the affect on the regulation ability. Demolition of the dam of Storsjön requires a different way of using Flåsjön as a magazine. A normal year no affect of the regulation ability is expected, but years with low precipitation it can have a negative impact. Fish path and environmental adapt waterflows have predictable and relatively small energy losses and is adjustable over time.  Simulate natural flow is not possible. Demolition have no direct effect of the electricity production. Environmental flow and fish paths give relatively low energy losses and energy production is affected to a small extent. / <p>2020-06-05</p>

Climate and human activities impact the timing and quantity of streamflow and floods in different ways, with important implications for people and aquatic environments. Impacts of landscape changes on streamflow and floods are known, but few studies have explored the magnitude, duration and count of floods the landscape can influence. Understanding how floods are influenced by landscape structure provides insight into how, why and where floods have changed over time, and facilitates mapping the capacity of watersheds to regulate floods. In this study, I (1) compared nine flood-return periods of 31 watersheds across North Carolina and Virginia using long-term hydrologic records, (2) examined temporal trends in precipitation, stream flashiness, and the count, magnitude and duration of small and large floods for the same watersheds, and (3) developed a methodology to map the biophysical and technological capacity of eight urban watersheds to regulate floods. I found (1) floods with return periods ≤ 10 years can be managed by manipulating landscape structure, (2) precipitation and floods have decreased in the study watersheds while stream flashiness has increased between 1991 and 2013, (3) mapping both the biophysical and technological features of the landscape improved previous efforts of representing an urban landscape's capacity to regulate floods. My results can inform researchers and managers on the effect of anthropogenic change and management responses on floods, the efficacy of current strategies and policies to manage water resources, and the spatial distribution of a watershed's capacity to regulate flooding at a high spatial resolution. / Master of Science