A Masters Dissertation submitted to the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology School of Human and Community Development, Faculty of Humanities University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Speech Pathology, November 2017 / Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem worldwide. It is a major cause of death among younger adults and is a leading cause of lifelong disability in persons who survive it. There are a large number of young adults living with life-long disabilities as a result of traumatic brain injury worldwide, with higher numbers existing in South Africa. Whilst previous research internationally has examined issues of community integration and difficulties experienced by persons with traumatic brain injury and their significant others or caregivers, a paucity of research of this nature exists in South Africa. This study intended to explore whether a gap in clinical practice exists with regard to aspects of intervention and support, underpinned by an ambiguous definition of community integration for survivors of traumatic brain injury and their significant others Method: The main aim of the study was to explore existing feelings of community integration and active participation in patients with traumatic brain injury who have been discharged from rehabilitation services in private practice in Johannesburg, South Africa. In this study, the sample comprised of 10 survivors of TBI and 10 significant others (SOs). The objectives were to describe and compare participants and significant others’ or caregivers experience of community integration and factors that influenced the perceptions by each (i.e. the patient and the caregiver) as well as to document barriers and facilitators to community integration and active participation within the, familial, social and work context. Lastly the study aimed to determine if the qualitative analysis of formal assessment measures (FIM and CIQ-R) match perceptions of persons with TBI with regard to Community Integration (Landrum et al., 1995). Results: Across various areas of comparison, participants who scored higher in the CIQ-Rand FIM measures, often expressed more subtle difficulties or challenges that landed up going undetected and ultimately contributed to their personal feelings of poorer community integration. Various studies, including the current study reveal that significant others have many unmet needs in terms of what they know and what they should expect with regard to handling their loved one with a TBI. Implications: This research has highlighted the fact that our South African context is lacking with regard to ongoing management of individuals surviving TBI, with reduced funding available for outpatient therapies, a lack of post discharge programmes and a general lack of education and information given to family members of TBI survivors upon discharge. As such this should be a major focus of health care providers in the future. This research revealed many subtleties that impact perceptions of community integration but go undetected by formal measures. Such subtleties could be used to direct specialised programmes, which should be made available to TBI survivors post discharge from rehabilitation services. Keywords: traumatic brain injury; community integration; rehabilitation; functional outcomes; private practice, developing countries, community resources, south Africa / XL2018

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology. Johannesburg, 2016 / Substance dependence is a global issue that is becoming significantly more problematic. This is due to the fact that it does not just have a devastating effect on the individual but results in profound spin-off effects, which impact society as a whole. Much research has been conducted within this area and contemporary research has seemed to focus on the link between attachment styles and substance abuse. Since its conception by John Bowlby, attachment theory has achieved an empirical authority that has contributed to its popularity in modern times. However, despite this renewed interest there still exists a gap in the literature around the role that relationships, throughout the lifespan, play in areas such as pathology and recovery. Consequently, this research embarked on an interpretive phenomenological exploration of the way relationships impact the lives of individuals suffering from substance dependence. Adults in recovery from substance dependence were individually interviewed about their experiences of their relationships during and after their years of abusing substances. Hermeneutical phenomenological analysis was used to analyse this data and it revealed a typical model of pathology where a negative childhood experience had cascading effects that culminated in the later dependence on substances. Participants all highlighted relationships with themselves or others as pivotal to either seeking substances or to going into recovery. These themes were then located within Bowlby’s (1976, 1980) developmental pathways framework in order to make sense of the progression of substance dependence along the lifespan as it manifested in these participants. / MT2017

Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Arts in the field of Industrial & Economic Sociology School of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg South Africa July 2016 / This research study seeks to examine the South African labour market, using the case of ex-offenders and their difficulties in entering the formal labour market and securing full-time employment after they have been released from correctional facilities. The „Scarlet letter‟ in the title refers to a euphemism used to describe the effects of the criminal record on the prospect of employment. As part of the research, I also examine the perspectives of employers about their willingness to employ ex-offenders as well as some of the reservations they may have, as representatives of the labour market. Although there is extensive research on reintegration as well as barriers to reintegration, especially in Europe and the United States, none of these have married the labour market experiences and reintegration experiences of ex-offenders, especially in the South African context. This study employed qualitative research methods and techniques to explore the meaning ex-offenders attach to their social experiences. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the lived experiences of these ex-offenders and a vivid picture from the key informants. In this regard, participants in the study consisted of thirteen Black male ex-offenders, three representatives from the National Institute for Crime Prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO), one representative from a Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) called We Can Change Our World (WCCOW), five Human resource managers at a property management firm as part of a focus group discussion and one executive at a recruitment company. All interviewed ex-offenders shared similar experiences of their challenges and limited social and economic reintegration, especially related to finding a job in South Africa. The study reveals that discrimination in the workplace continues in contemporary South Africa, but such experiences are even worse for ex-offenders. The study concludes that a lot still needs to be done to transform the South African labour market and correctional facilities, linked policies and practice for the majority, especially ex-offenders who have “paid their debt to society”. / GR2017

Crime in the developing South African context presents a major sociopolitical challenge that goes beyond offender rehabilitation. Correctional services based rehabilitation programmes however represent an important component of a multi-dimensional strategy for impacting on crime and recidivism. Reports of the Correctional Service Department highlight the lack of resources and specialised personnel needed for rehabilitation programme delivery. The rehabilitation needs of the growing offender population are not being met and the need for personnel to facilitate the process is critical. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of correctional officers towards their role in contributing to the offender rehabilitation process. The aims and objectives were to assess the self reported abilities, potential and willingness of these correctional officers towards contributing to the offender rehabilitation process. In part, this study hopes that the Department of Correctional Services might take note of the attitude and perceptions of these correctional officers concerning their role in rehabilitating offenders in order to construct an appropriate role for them in the rehabilitation process. The sample consisted of 117 correctional officers, 81 males and 36 females, of different age, sex, race, ranks, level of education and length of service. A questionnaire was designed, made up of rating scales to measure knowledge of rehabilitation models and services, attitudes and perceptions towards contributing to offender rehabilitation process and perceptions of personal and prison environment conditions. Even though the results show that correctional officers have a limited understanding and knowledge of the principles of the Programme-Developed Model of offender rehabilitation, they perceived offender rehabilitation within the framework of this model as a growth and development programme that will benefit offenders to cope with their life stresses. It is difficult however to tease out whether they have changed from a conceptually punitive to a rehabilitative way of conceptualising, relating to and treating the offenders. More research in this topic might clarify the attitude and perception of correctional officers towards offender rehabilitation because this will in part lay the basis for the success of the rehabilitation process. Better-educated correctional officers perceive themselves as motivated, skillful and willing to be trained further in order to partake in offender rehabilitation processes. Correctional officers perceived social work and education and training rehabilitation services as more useful and would like to do further training in these services in order to contribute towards facilitating offender rehabilitation programmes. Important differences in respect of gender, level of education and length of service were found which qualify this general finding. Stress, burnout and environmental conditions were found to impact negatively on correctional service officers' willingness and capacity to contribute to the rehabilitation process. Female correctional officers appear to experience prison conditions more negatively compared to males. These findings are discussed in terms of developing recommendations for the effective and rational use of correctional service officers as skilled members of a rehabilitation orientated team of professionals. / Thesis (M.A.)- University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

Hostels have become synonymous with the migrant labour system in South Africa. They were first introduced on the mines to house workers cheaply. The significant feature of these hostels was that they were for "single" males - they did not cater for the housing needs of workers families. Their design made them useful, to the employers, in controlling their workers. As the manufacturing and construction sectors grew, hostels similar to those one the mines were replicated in most urban centres in South Africa. They were useful in reducing the cost of reproducing labour by externalising these costs to the reserves, later the bantustans. At the same time they performed a valuable political role by ridding the "white" urban areas of the "swart gevaar". This role was reinforced during the period of Apartheid, and hostels are therefore seen as "artefacts of the era of apartheid". More recently they became notorious as "urban fortresses" from which acts of violence were perpetrated, particularly on the Reef. As the country moves towards a post-apartheid non-racial democracy the injustices and inhumanities of the hostel system will have to be redressed. The miserable and wretched conditions will have to be transformed and hostels will have to be integrated into "normal" community life. The recent violence succeeded, at great cost, in instilling a sense of urgency for the transformation of hostels, so as to reduce the potential for further conflict and violence. All the major actors committed themselves to a national development initiative to transform hostels. Hostels however, are a complex phenomenon, serving varying functions and performing many roles. There is therefore a need for a more thorough understanding of the various features of hostels to inform any intervention if it is going to be meaningful or lasting. This dissertation examines the complexities of the hostel question with a view to informing development interventions in hostels. In this thesis the focus is on physical/spatial planning interventions. / Theses (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.

This study identifies the alcohol intaKe patterns of 274 white patients attending an Urban General Practice. The average consumption rate was 6.5 drinKs per person per weeK (d/p/w). 40X of the surveyed group did not consume any alcohol. The drinkers averaged 11 dIp/wo 72X of the males drank and 501: of the females dranK. 4.31: of the population surveyed were drinking more than 28 dIp/wo Marital status made no real difference to consumption rates but unemployment (16 d/p/w) and being a manual labourer (11.7 d/p/w) did. People who had lost either their occupation (11.7 d/p/w) or a close family member (9.3 d/p/w) in the preceeding year had higher than average (6,5 d/p/w) consumption levels and these were increased further if they had identified an alcohol abuser in their family. This study also identifies the useful supportive services available to this particular community and its health care worKers with a brief discussion of the type of service prOVided and method of access to the service. The appendix contains a list of the services with the relevant address. telephone number and where possible the name of a contact person. / Thesis (M.Prax.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1986.

The aim of this study was to investigate which protocols Occupational Therapists (OT’s) use when rehabilitating clients after flexor tendon repairs, and to investigate the therapist’s knowledge regarding these protocols, to guide therapists and institutions in using effective methods within the South African context. A questionnaire was sent to OT’s in South Africa. Of the 32 responses, 50% had more than 10 years experience and 50%, less experience. 81.2% were private practitioners and 28% worked in government. The trend of protocol use was as follows: 18.8% used a Duran-type passive mobilization protocol, 25% used a Kleinert-type protocol - a passive flexion protocol (but labelled an active mobilization protocol in literature as it allows active extension of the fingers), 28.1% used Early Active Mobilization and 3.1% used an Immobilization-type protocol. 64.5% of the sample used static splints, 9.7% used dynamic splints and 25.8% used a combination. Most (83.3%) continued the splint at 4 weeks but only 26.6% were using the splint at 6 weeks. At week 1, 30% allowed active flexion of the fingers, whereas at week 4 and 5, 60% allowed active flexion. The referring doctor and confidence in one’s own skills were the main factors influencing protocol choice. Resources available influenced the protocol choice, which can be problematic in South Africa. Access to literature was mostly through textbooks (90.6%), although journal articles were accessed (internet - 50%, hard copy - 62.5%). More than half of the sample attended courses regularly. Most therapists were happy with their outcomes, regardless of which protocol used. Therapists need to build their confidence, realising the efficacy of various protocols is similar, according to research. Thus whatever factors influence protocol choice, they will likely not be critical to good outcomes. / Thesis (M.O.T.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing is gerig op die vrylating van die gevangene en bet ten doel om aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie, die Suid-Afrikaanse vrylatingstelsel binne die korrektiewe sisteem, histories met die nodige penologiese perspektief te beskryf. Aangesien bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse penologiese literatuur arm is aan inligting met betrekking tot die vrylating van die gevangene en meer spesifiek die vorme van vrylating, is verskeie bronne geidentifiseer ten einde historisiteit saam te vat en kontemporere beleid in die verband te bespreek. Alhoewel 1910 as vertrekpunt geneem is, is die fokus in die grootste mate geplaas op ontwikkeling sedert 1962. Bepaalde aksies deur onder andere die Inrigtingskomitee en Paroolraad kulmineer in die vrylating van die gevangene en om die rede bet die navorser ook die samestelling, bevoegdhede en werksaamhede van vermelde liggame nagevors en beskryf. / This research is aimed at the release of the prisoner and the objective is to historically elucidate the release system within the South African correctional system on the basis of a literature study, with the necessary penological perspective. Considering the fact that the existing literature on penology has hardly any information regarding the release of the prisoner and more specifically the different types of release, various sources have been identified in order to condense the historical information and to discuss contemporary policy in this regard. Although 1910 was taken as the starting point, the focus has largely been placed on development since 1962. Specific actions by, inter alia, the Institutional Committee and the Parole Board culminate in the release of the prisoner and for this reason the compilation, the competencies and the activities of the mentioned bodies were also described by the researcher. / M.A. (Penologie) / Sociology

Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2006. / The Department of Correctional Services provided very little guidance with regard to alternative means of maintaining rehabilitation through sport and recreation. Rehabilitation is the responsibility of the rehabilitative, custodial staff and the community. The judicious, fair and consistent operation of prgrammes is an importnat aid in the hands of the Department of Correctional Services to regulate the behaviour of inmates to ensure a satisfied and orderly prison community. This research is primarily focused on how to encourage inmates towards good behaviour, to instill a sense of responsibility in them and to ensure their interest and co-operation in the integration into sport and recreation. The Department of Correctional Services aspires to be an institution that delivers results in sport and recreation by utilising programmes to achieve these goals.

M.A. (Counselling Psychology) / The aim of this study is the development of a therapeutic programme on self empowerment for the psychological rehabilitation and development of juvenile offenders at Ekuseni. This programme will form part of the overall holistic rehabilitation and development model for the students at Ekuseni.