Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In the following theoretical study the phenomenon of boot camps is described within a penological perspective, as it has originated and developed and is applied in the United States of America. The primary aim of this study is to obtain the Magister Artium degree. Secondly, it sheds light on an alternative method of dispensation of offenders, more specific juvenile offenders, in the criminal justice system. The investigation is intended to make a modest contribution to the content of penology. Knowledge and insight obtained can serve as guidelines for future research in respect of and application of boot camps in South Africa. The planning and functioning of boot camps is taken into account and the rationale behind boot camps as an effective institution of punishment is investigated. This was done against the background of the elements of punishment, over-population of prisons, cost-effectiveness, residivism and rehabilitation. The study is of importance for South African circumstances, because of the increasingly over-population of prisons and the negative effect of imprisonment, especially on juveniles. / In die hieropvolgende teoretiese studie word die verskynsel van boot camps soos wat dit in die Verenigde State van Amerika ontstaan en ontwikkel het en toegepas word, binne 'n penologiese perspektief beskryf. Die beskrywing het in die eerste plek ten doel om die graad Magister Artium te verwerf. Ten tweede werp dit Jig op 'n alternatiewe beskikkingsmetode vir oortreders, veral jeugoortreders, in die regsplegingstelsel. Die doel van die ondersoek is om 'n beskeie bydrae tot die vakinhoud van die penologie te lewer. Kennis en insig wat ingesamel is kan as rigtingwyser dien virtoekomstige navorsing met betrekking tot en toepassing van boot camps in Suid-Afrika. Die beplanning en funksionering van boot camps word in oenskou geneem en die rasionaal van boot camps as 'n effektiewe strafinrigting is ondersoek. Dit is gedoen teen die agtergrond van die elemente van straf, gevangenisoorbevolking, koste-effektiwiteit, residivisme en rehabilitasie. Die studie is van belang vir Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede weens die toenemende oorbevolking in gevangenisse en nadelige uitwerking van gevangenisstraf op veral jeugoortreders. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Crime in South Africa is a common occurrence and crimes committed by young people are rapidly becoming a serious problem. During the 19th and zo" centuries, young offenders were institutionalised in reform schools for example. However, social workers and probation officers realized that the confinement in these schools caused frustration amongst the young offenders and also encouraged further deviant behaviour. In South Africa, the Department of Correctional Services implemented community corrections, on 1 June 1993, as an alternative sentence option to imprisonment. Community corrections have two distinctive forms, namely correctional supervision and parole supervision. Correctional supervision is a community-based sentence, which is prescribed by the courts and is served within the community under strict supervision and control of correctional officials and probation officers. The Department of Correctional Services mainly implemented correctional supervision in order to divert young offenders away from being exposed to the harsh and severe life of incarceration. The goal of the study was to explore correctional supervision as an alternative sentence option and present a description of this sentence for the juvenile delinquents. The objectives were to explore the juvenile offender's perception of correctional supervision, the impact of this sentence on the offender's family members and the availability and the role that the probation officers play during the juvenile's sentence to correctional supervision. The contents of the report focused on describing the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and other related topics, such as theories and contributing factors, and correctional supervision as an alternative sentence option. Exploratory-descriptive research was done and questionnaires were utilized as instruments for data collection from the juvenile offenders, their family members and the probation officers. The juvenile offenders were part of the Department of Correctional Services' (Worcester) justice system and the probation officers are employed at the Department. Conclusions and recommendations are made regarding the respondents' perceptions, opinions and experiences of the sentence of correctional supervision. The proposed recommendations should be a guide for the Department of Correctional Services in order to change certain factors that contribute to the poor co-operation of juvenile offenders sentenced to correctional supervision. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Misdaad in Suid-Afrika is 'n bekende verskynsel en misdaad gepleeg deur jong mense is vinnig besig om 'n ernstige probleem te word. Gedurende die neëntiende en twintigste eeu, is jeugoortreders na inrigtings, soos byvoorbeeld verbeteringskole, gestuur. Maatskaplike werkers en proefbeamptes het egter besef dat die afsondering in hierdie skole, frustrasies veroorsaak en self verdere afwykende gedrag aanmoedig. In Suid-Afrika, het die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste Gemeenskapskorreksies op 1 Junie 1993, as 'n alternatiewe vonnisopsie tot gevangenisstraf, geïmplementeer. Gemeenskapskorreksies het twee onderskeidende vorme, naamlik korrektiewe toesig en parooltoesig. Korrektiewe toesig is 'n gemeenskapsgebaseerde vonnis, voorgeskryf deur die howe, en word uitgedien in die gemeenskap onder streng supervisie en beheer deur korrektiewe amptenare en proefbeamptes. Die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste het korrektiewe toesig hoofsaaklik geïmplementeer om jong mense weg te wys van die onaangename blootsteling aan die gevangenislewe. Die doel van die studie was om korrektiewe toesig, as 'n alternatiewe vonissopsie te verken en 'n beskrywing van hierdie vonnisopsie vir die jeugoortreder te gee. Die doelwitte was om die jeugoortreder se persepsie van korrektiewe toesig, die impak van dié vonnis op die oortreder se gesinslede en die beskikbaarheid en rol van die proefbeampte tydens 'n jeugdige se straf tot korrektiewe toesig, te verken. Die inhoud van die verslag fokus op die beskrywing van die verskynsel van jeugdelikwensie asook verbandhoudende onderwerpe, soos teorieë en bydraende faktore, en korrektiewe toesig as 'n alternatiewe vonnisopsie. 'n Verkennende-beskrywende studie is gedoen met behulp van vraelyste, as 'n instrument van data insameling by die jeugoortreders, hul gesinslede en die proefbeamptes. Die jeugoortreders was deel van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste (Worcester) se regstelsel en die proefbeamptes is werksaam by die Departement.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In the following theoretical study the phenomenon of boot camps is described within a penological perspective, as it has originated and developed and is applied in the United States of America. The primary aim of this study is to obtain the Magister Artium degree. Secondly, it sheds light on an alternative method of dispensation of offenders, more specific juvenile offenders, in the criminal justice system. The investigation is intended to make a modest contribution to the content of penology. Knowledge and insight obtained can serve as guidelines for future research in respect of and application of boot camps in South Africa. The planning and functioning of boot camps is taken into account and the rationale behind boot camps as an effective institution of punishment is investigated. This was done against the background of the elements of punishment, over-population of prisons, cost-effectiveness, residivism and rehabilitation. The study is of importance for South African circumstances, because of the increasingly over-population of prisons and the negative effect of imprisonment, especially on juveniles. / In die hieropvolgende teoretiese studie word die verskynsel van boot camps soos wat dit in die Verenigde State van Amerika ontstaan en ontwikkel het en toegepas word, binne 'n penologiese perspektief beskryf. Die beskrywing het in die eerste plek ten doel om die graad Magister Artium te verwerf. Ten tweede werp dit Jig op 'n alternatiewe beskikkingsmetode vir oortreders, veral jeugoortreders, in die regsplegingstelsel. Die doel van die ondersoek is om 'n beskeie bydrae tot die vakinhoud van die penologie te lewer. Kennis en insig wat ingesamel is kan as rigtingwyser dien virtoekomstige navorsing met betrekking tot en toepassing van boot camps in Suid-Afrika. Die beplanning en funksionering van boot camps word in oenskou geneem en die rasionaal van boot camps as 'n effektiewe strafinrigting is ondersoek. Dit is gedoen teen die agtergrond van die elemente van straf, gevangenisoorbevolking, koste-effektiwiteit, residivisme en rehabilitasie. Die studie is van belang vir Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede weens die toenemende oorbevolking in gevangenisse en nadelige uitwerking van gevangenisstraf op veral jeugoortreders. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

This study aims to explore the management of offenders’ education for optimum rehabilitation in a Correctional Centre in Gauteng. In this study the nature of correctional education management is explored in relation to the self-concept of offenders as learners, as well as their view and experience on their future position as released parolees striving for reintegration into the society. Methodologically, the study is located in the qualitative paradigm where a questionnaire was designed to gather the respondents’ demographic profiles, and to extract from them the factors that influence crime propensity and amenability to correction through correctional education. The questionnaire was targeted at all functionally literate participants who indicated their interest at the sampling stage. The research site was a Correctional Centre in the Gauteng Province. Respondents comprised sixteen offenders and five officials. The key findings of this research are that policy intervention is crucial to improve the management of offenders’ education, so to remove barriers that hinder the exercise of effective education. How offenders’ education is managed impacts on their receptiveness of education. This implies their fate as future ex-offenders and their prospects of employment after release as citizens are tarnished with the stigma of a criminal record. Their self-esteem seems to improve with the acquisition of well managed education, while on the other hand, propensity to recidivate is high where the management of their education has failed and hopelessness and lack of motivation in planning for a better future pervade. Thus, proper management of offenders’ education can go a long way to ensure their successful reintegration in the society. The research report concludes with recommendations that could have implications for future research in the context of correctional education management, as well as implementation and monitoring of such management via policy in order to achieve optimum rehabilitation of offenders. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / This research study focused on wilderness-based interventions utilised within two, pilot (four-month) diversion rehabilitation programmes in 2006. Participants were at-risk youth, aged fourteen to seventeen years who had been referred by the local magistrate’s court for minor criminal offences. The diversion programme is run under the auspices of the Usiko Stellenbosch Youth Development Project, an NGO specialising in the psycho-social development of male and female youth at-risk from disadvantaged communities. Central to Usiko’s diversion programme is an emphasis on utilising wilderness as an integral part of the rehabilitation process. The diversion programme includes two different types of four-day wilderness-based interventions. The first wilderness intervention is a camp-based, programme in the Franschhoek mountains, while the second is a hiking expedition-based in the Cederberg mountains. The study assesses the significance of how wilderness was construed, implemented and experienced by the team of five facilitators, who conducted the diversion programme. A description is given of the meta-theoretical model underpinning the diversion programme. Using a qualitative methodology as a participant-observer to the diversion programme, the researcher analysed the facilitators’ evaluations of the wilderness interventions as part of a restorative justice approach. Recommendations were proposed to enhance the programmatic implementation of wilderness interventions as a platform for rehabilitation and psycho-social development.

Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Juvenile offenders have certain characteristics, which separate them from the law abiding young people. These characteristics, together with the subcultures inside prison in which they become socialized, can cause dysfunctional development, which in turn can lead to recidivism. To approach this client system and plan intervention according to the ecological perspective, the social worker needs to be equipped with a certain knowledge base. Firstly, knowledge is necessary about the profile of the juvenile offender. Secondly, the social worker has to understand the impact that a prison environment can have on the juvenile. Thirdly, it is also important that the worker knows how these factors can influence the intervention process and also be aware of different methods to strengthen the social functioning of the juvenile in pnson. This study endeavours to create a scientifically based framework for the development of a strategy for intervention with the juvenile offender, in order to bring about appropriate social functioning and by doing this, reduce recidivism. The research includes aspects of all three the recognized types of research, namely: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. The profile of the juvenile offender, as well as ways in which the prison environment impacts on his development was determined by means of interviews and described in terms of the effect it might have on the intervention process. The respondents consisted of 11 ex juvenile offenders. Conclusions and recommendations were made which focussed, amongst others, on the various phases in the group work process and the development of knowledge regarding the juvenile offender. This research report can be utilized by social workers for effective intervention with juvenile offenders in prison. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jeugoortreders het sekere karaktereienskappe wat hul van wetsgehoorsame jeugdiges onderskei. Hierdie karaktertrekke, tesame met die gevangeniskultuur waarbinne hul gesosialiseer word, veroorsaak disfunksionele ontwikkeling wat weer na residivisme kan lei. Om volgens 'n ekologiese perspektief intervensie met hierdie kliëntsisteem te benader, is dit eerstens noodsaaklik dat die maatskaplike werker die profiel van die jeugmisdadiger ken. Tweedens is dit nodig dat die werker die impak van die gevangenisomgewing op die jeugdige verstaan. Derdens is dit belangrik dat die werker weet hoe hierdie faktore op die hulpverleningsproses kan impakteer en ook bewus moet wees van verskeie metodes om die jeugdige in die gevangenis se maatskaplike funksionering te beïnvloed. Hierdie studie bevat kenmerke van al drie die erkende navorsingsdoelstellings, naamlik verkenning, beskrywing en verklaring. Die ondersoek het ten doel om 'n wetenskaplik gefundeerde raamwerk daar te stel vir die ontwikkeling van 'n intervensiestrategie ten opsigte van jeugmisdadigers in die gevangenis, ten einde funksionele maatskaplike funksionering mee te bring en sodoende residivisme te verminder. Die profiel van die jeugmisdadiger en die impak van die omgewing op sy ontwikkeling is deur middel van onderhoude bepaal en beskryf in terme van die invloed wat dit op die intervensieproses kan hê. Respondente in die navorsing het uit elf vrygelate jeugmisdadigers bestaan. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is gemaak wat onder andere gefokus het op die verskeie fases in die groepwerkproses en ontwikkeling van kennis oor die betrokke kliëntsisteem. Hierdie navorsingsverslag sal deur maatskaplike werkers benut kan word vir effektiewe hulpverlening aan jeugdiges in die gevangenis.

Thesis (MHumanRehabSt)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:Background In the past, a lack of policy guidelines in the area of rehabilitation often resulted in underdeveloped or no rehabilitation services in many areas. This led to the development of The South African National Rehabilitation Policy (NRP) which was finalised in 2000. This policy is guided by the principles of development, empowerment and the social integration of persons with disabilities. It aims to provide improved access to rehabilitation services for all and forms part of a strategy to improve the quality of life of persons with disabilities. South Africa ratified the United Nations Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2001. The UNCRPD is an international rights based document and focuses on equalisation of opportunities for people with disabilities and their inclusion in development. Aim The aim of thestudy was to describe and analyse the organizational framework of rehabilitation services at the Gugulethu Community Health Centre (CHC) in Cape Town and to determine if the framework used complied with the objectives of the National Rehabilitation Policy. Method This was a case study that made use of both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The Kaplan framework, the objectives of the NRP and the five relevant articles of the UNCRPD were used to design three questionnaires for data collection. The first questionnaire was for service providers and answered by seven participants. The second questionnaire was completed by the Facility Manager of Gugulethu CHC and the third questionnaire was answered by the managers of 2 purposively sampled NGOs in Gugulethu. Qualitative data was collected from interviews held with three of the service providers and the facility manager as well as from two focus groups held with service users. Results The results of the study showed that there was some coherence between the rehabilitation services provided and the objectives of the NRP such as good access to the service for clients coming to the Centre for rehabilitation and adequate resources to provide assistive devices with. However, in other areas there was little or no adherence. Limited evidence of intersectoral collaboration was found. There was no evidence of the inclusion of persons with disabilities in the planning, implementation and managing of rehabilitation services. Similarly services were not monitored and evaluated in a constructive way and while the therapists did engage in skills development activities the suitability of the courses attended for their role is questioned. Conclusion The findings showed a facility based curative rehabilitation service that was accessible for clients who came to the facility, but did not expand to provide community based rehabilitation. Thus it was concluded that the organisation in its current form lacked the ability to effectively address the needs of the community that it served. At Gugulethu Community Health Centre rehabilitation services need to be planned according to community based rehabilitation strategies by the manager, the service providers and the community. Only when implementation of the NRP and UNCRPD takes place will the benefits become tangible to the entire community. Key Words Rehabilitation, Disability, National Rehabilitation Policy, UNCRPD, Organisational capacity. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond In die verlede het ‘n gebrekaanbeleidsriglyne in die rehabilitasievelddikwelsgelei tot onderontwikkelde of geenrehabilitasiedienste in baiegebiede. Die gevolghiervan was die ontwikkeling van dieSuidAfrikaanseNasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid (NRB) wat in 2000 gefinaliseer is. Die fokusvan hierdiebeleid is ontwikkeling, bemagtiging en die sosialeintegrasie van persone met gestremdhede. Die doel van die NRB is omtoeganklikheid van rehabilitasiediensteviralmalteverbeter en ditvormdeel van die strategieom die lewensgehalte van persone met gestremdhede to verbeter. SuidAfrika het die VerenigdeNasies se Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met Gestremdhede in 2001 bekragtig. HierdieKonvensie is ‘n internasionaleregsgebaseerdedokument and fokus opgelykeregtevirpersone met gestremdhede en hulinsluiting in ontwikkeling. Doelstelling Die doel van die studiewas om die organisatorieseraamwerk van die rehabilitasiedienste by die GugulethuGemeenskapsGesondheidssentrum in Kaapstadtebeskryf enteontleed, ten eindevastestel of die raamwerk, in ooreenstemming is met die doelwitte van die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid. Metode `n Gevallestudie is gedoen. Data is deurmiddel van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewemetodesingesamel. Die Kaplanraamwerk, doelwitte van die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid en toepaslike 5 artikels van die VerenigdeNasie se Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met Gestremdehede is gebruikomdrievraelysteteontwerp. Die eerstevraelys was virdiensverskaffers en sewedeelnemers het ditbeantwoord. Die tweedevraelys is deur die Fasiliteitsbestuurder van GuguletuGemeenskapsGesondheidssentrumbeantwoord en die derdevraelysdeur twee bestuurders van twee doelbewustegekoseNie-staatsOrganisasies in Guguletu. Onderhoude is met drie van die diensverskaffers en die fasiliteitsbestuurdergebruikomkwalitatiewe data in tesamelsowel as twee fokusgroepe met diensverbruikers.Resultate Die resultate van die studietoondatdaarwel ‘n mate van belyningtussenrehabilitasiedienste by die studiesentrum en die doelwitte van die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid is. Ditsluit in goeietoeganklikheidna die diensvirklientewat die sentrumbesoekvirbehandeling en voldoendebronneomhulpmiddelstevoorsien.In andergebiede was daaregter min of geenbelyningnie. Daar is min bewyse van intersektoralesamewerking en geenbewyse van die insluiting van persone met gestremdhede in die beplanning, implementering en bestuur van die rehabilitasiedienstenie. Dienste is nie in ‘n opbouendemaniergemonitor of geevalueernie en terwyl die terapeutewelaanontwikklingsprogrammedeelgeneem het, kan die toepaslikheid van die kursussebevraagteken word. Gevolgtrekking Die bevindingswys op ‘n kuratiewerehabilitasiedienswattoeganklik is virklientewatna die sentrum toe kom. Daar word egterniegemeenskapsbaseerderehabilitasieverskafnie.Dus, is die gevolgtrekkingdat die organisasie in syhuidigevormnie die vermoe het om die behoeftes van die gemeenskapwatditdien, effektiefaantespreeknie.Dierehabilitasiedienste by GuguletuGemeenskapssentrummoetbeplan word volgensgemeenskapsgebaseerderehabilitasiestrategiee, deur die bestuurder, diensverskaffers en die gemeenskap. Eerswanneer die NasionaleRehabilitasieBeleid en die VerenigdeNasie se Konvensievir die Regte van Persone met Gestremdhedetoegepas word sal die helegemeenskapbaatvind by rehabilitasie.

Thesis (M Human RehabSt)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rehabilitation services, mainly rendered by therapists employed by the Department of Health, forms a critical part of the Primary Health Care (PHC) package of care. Different policies, within the Department of Health (DOH), provide guidance on rehabilitation service delivery. However, implementation of these policies remains a challenge. The current study aimed to describe and analyse the organisational capacity of rehabilitation services at the study site and to assess how congruent the rehabilitation service at the study site was with existing rehabilitation policy. A descriptive methodology was applied making use of both quantitative and qualitative methods in analyzing the organisational capacity of this study site and the alignment of rehabilitation services offered, with the National Rehabilitation Policy (NRP). The study used the Kaplan framework, the objectives of the NRP and specific selected articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) to develop indicators to be used for the description and analysis of the organisational capacity of the rehabilitation services at TC Newman Community Day Centre. Questionnaires based on seven objectives from the NRP were developed to collect quantitative data from five service providers, the facility manager of TC Newman CDC and the managers of two Non- Governmental Organisations (NGO) working in the drainage site. Face to face, audio recorded, semi- structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data from the five service providers. A folder audit and document review was used to enhance quantitative findings. After analysis of the data, I still felt the need for additional information and thus developed an open ended questionnaire for participants to complete. Barriers (e.g. defaulting of clients, a lack of standard documentation, poor monitoring and evaluation) and facilitators (e.g. outreach and support, competent staff and multi-disciplinary team) were identified in implementing the NRP. Participants highlighted the importance of accessing rehabilitation services with a focus on the outreach to peripheral clinics and funded NGO’s. Intersectoral collaboration is evident, but mainly with funded NGO’s. A lack of standardised documentation, inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems and uniformed documentation were some of the challenges identified by participants. The absence of participation by persons with disabilities was noted by all participants. With reference to the organisational capacity, the participants had a good understanding of rehabilitation within the PHC context. Participants felt confident in delivering rehabilitation services and were able to identify shortcomings in service delivery. It is concluded that rehabilitation services are not delivered exactly in accordance with the objectives of the NRP. However the organisation demonstrated capacity to deliver rehabilitation services at PHC level, but there is still a need to enhance service delivery on community based level. The results of this study gave me as a manager and implementer of health policy in the District Health System the opportunity to gain deeper insight as to how rehabilitation services are currently rendered. Results from the study highlighted how coherent rehabilitation service delivery is with current policy in health and the capacity of the organisation to deliver rehabilitation services. This gave me the opportunity to adjust and review current rehabilitation service delivery and implement changes, as the study progressed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Rehabilitasie word hoofsaaklik deur terapeute in die departement van gesondheid gelewer binne fasiliteite en vorm ‘n belangrike deel van die Primêre Gesondheid Sorg dienste (PGS). Daar is verskillende beleid binne die Departement van Gesondheid beskikbaar, wat rehabilitasie definieer. Ten spyte van beleid, bly die implimentering van hierdie beleide ‘n uitdaging. Hierdie studie het ontstaan om the kapasiteit van die organisasie te beskryf, om rehabilitasie dienste te implimenteer en ook te bepaal hoe hierdie dienste ooreenstem met die Nasionale Rehabilitasie Beleid (NRB). ‘n Beskrywende metodologie was gebruik, wat uit ‘n kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe deel bestaan het. ‘n Vraelys is ontwikkel op grond van die 7 doelwitte beskryf binne die NRB. Dit is gebruik vir die versameling van kwantitatiewe data, by vyf diensversakffers, `n gesondheidsbestuurder en die bestuurders van twee nieregerings organisasies. Kwalitatiewe data is verkry deur onderhoude met die vyf diensverskaffers. ‘n Oudit van pasiënt lêers en die evaluering van dokumente het kwantitatiewe data versterk. Na die analisering van data en die behoefte vir addisionele inligting, is ‘n oop-end vraelys ontwikkel en versprei na deelnemers om te voltooi. Die studie het die organisatoriese kapasiteit van die organisasie ontleed deur gebruik te maak van Kaplan se raamwerk vir organisasie kapasiteit en die doelwitte van die NRB, asook sekere geselekteerde artikels uit die “United Nations Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” UNCRPD. Deelnemers het belangrikheid van toegang tot rehabilitasie dienste bevestig, met ‘n fokus op uitreik na perifêre klinieke in die sub distrik en befondse Nie-Regerings Organisasies (NRO). Intersektorale skakeling was beskryf, maar beperk tot befondse NRO’s. Verskillende uitdagings soos bv. gestandardiseerde dokumentasie, onvoldoende monitering en evalueringssisteme en die dokumentering van inligting was geïdentifiseer. Die afwesigheid van persone met gestremdhede en hulle deelname by terapie was genoem deur deelnemers. Verskillende uitdagings asook fasiliteerders was geïdentifiseer deur deelnemers t.o.v die implementering van bestaande beleid.

Diversion is one of the programmes instituted within the Child Justice System. Its aim is to make punishment more rehabilitative and restorative. Prior to the Child Justice Bill, juvenile offenders were prosecuted under the Criminal Procedure Act (CPA). In the absence of any provision and consideration for children and their context, the CPA proved to be too harsh when prosecuting juvenile offenders. It is within this context that the need for reform of the CPA was sought, a search for procedure which would solely deal with child offenders and which would be more suited to child offenders. In an attempt to explore this process, the present study investigates diversion as a programme designed for dealing with child offenders within the Child Justice System and perspectives of deviance which underlie diversion. Broadly, the focus of the research has been on the following issues: how the probation officers interpret the different criteria from the Child Justice Bill 70 of 2003 and subsequently the Child Justice Bill 70 of 2007 in order to select the most appropriate form of diversion, understanding of the Child Justice System, how this justice system works and what the justice personnel look for when deciding on an appropriate sentence for the juvenile offender. The research was carried out in South Africa, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, in a small town known as Port Shepstone, which is an hour s drive from Durban. It gives an in - depth analysis of diversion by explaining the perceptions and opinions of justice personnel on diversion. The thesis further explored the criteria that are used by the probation officers in assessing the juvenile offender for diversion and the nature of the diversion programme selected. Using a qualitative approach I sought to explore different discursive practices, opinions and perspectives within the Child Justice System and particularly within the diversion programme. In an attempt to gain understanding on the above issues, I conducted open - ended interviews with Child Justice System personnel, probation officers and prosecutors.

South Africa as a developing country faces the challenges of providing a better life for all its citizens. The South African society is of two extremes, a small population of the wealthy and a large portion of the poor. In a growing economy there is an increase in the gap between rich and poor. The rich work to keep their wealth and the poor work but struggle to provide the bare necessities for their families. The challenges facing South Africa are of alleviating poverty, through providing adequate shelter, jobs, education and health for all South Africans. These are essential elements that are needed to create better communities and functional families. The solutions to these problems are sometimes not thought through and integrated with other sectors of society. This leads to quick fix solutions to deep routed problems which are isolated to the countries’ developments. South Africa has a deep history rooted in apartheid. Living within a post apartheid society South Africans have inherited a built environment that was aimed for specific segregated population groups. In a democratic society people have an opportunity of “equal sharing” within the economy. This leaves a large portion of the population struggling to rid themselves of poverty. These are the major issues which lead to committing crime and consequently imprisonment. This research study specifically deals with the correctional services institutions built form, rehabilitation and reintegration processes for the ex-prisoner. The built forms role in society can be far reaching and shape the life form of its inhabitants. It can facilitate a positive role in deterring the social ills of society. Presently the built environments cannot accommodate the growing and integrated population groups. The role of the correctional facilities is important in providing safe communities by removing those individuals harmful to society. A thorough approach to imprisonment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of ex-prisoners will assist in keeping safe communities. The understanding of prisons, their environment and the role of the built form with regards to social reintegration processes is important. This will assist in lessening the amount of recidivism of ex-prisoners once released. This research seeks to establish the role in which the built form can support rehabilitation for ex-prisoners in the view of reintegrating them back into society. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.