Religious Commitment is a construct known to be predictive of various health-related factors of importance to researchers. However, data collection efficiency and instrument brevity in healthcare settings are priorities regardless of the construct being measured. Brief, valid instruments are particularly valuable in health research and will be vital for testing mechanisms by which health may be improved or maintained. This series of studies aims to demonstrate that Religious Commitment can be validly measured with a very brief instrument, the Religious Surrender & Attendance Scale-3 (RSAS-3), which combines a 2-item measure of Surrender, a specific type of religious coping, with a 1-item measure of Attendance at religious services. Three studies are reported, two utilizing undergraduate university students (Ns = 964 and 466) and one utilizing a clinical-based pregnant population (N = 320), all in southern Appalachia. The original 12-item Surrender Scale, a 2-item subset of Surrender items, and Attendance were found to be highly positively correlated with each other and with Intrinsic Religiosity, an additional measure of Religious Commitment employed to demonstrate concurrent validity. Religiosity variables were found to be strongly negatively correlated with Anxiety and stress, which were the health outcomes of interest. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to confirm the similarity of Anxiety and stress prediction using the 12-item and 2-item Surrender measures and to confirm the superior stress prediction of the 3-item instrument RSAS-3. The RSAS-3 is recommended as a measure of Religious Commitment in future health research.

En partant de la question : que consomment les Libanais en matière culturelle dans leur temps libre ? Cette thèse s'appuie sur l'idée de l'existence d'une relation entre la structure de la société et les pratiques culturelles, développée à partir de la théorie de la légitimité culturelle de Pierre Bourdieu. La structure hybride de la société, concept emprunté à Melhem Chaoul, constitue la spécificité du contexte libanais : le fait qu'il s'agisse d'un pays francophone, multiculturel et à diaspora importante, ainsi que la diffusion contemporaine des pratiques numériques amènent à s'interroger sur la définition de l'identité culturelle. Forger le concept de « degré d'adhérence culturelle » s'impose afin d'y répondre. A partir d'une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 1200 enquêtés au Liban et 120 enquêtés en France, et de 36 entretiens, l'étude montre que les jeunes, par opposition aux plus âgés, s'orientent plus vers la culture occidentale et les pratiques numériques. Les plus instruits consomment simultanément des biens culturels libanais et occidentaux. En fait, la consommation des biens culturels occidentaux est facilitée par le trilinguisme, que maîtrisent presque la moitié des Libanais. Il est apparu aussi que l'inégalité régionale de l'offre culturelle n'est pas l'homologue d'une inégalité régionale des pratiques culturelles. L'engagement religieux et la position dans le cycle de vie influencent les pratiques culturelles. / Starting from the question : what cultural matters do Lebanese people use in their free time ? This PhD thesis relies on the idea of the existence of a relationship between the structure of society and cultural practices, developed by Pierre Bourdieu in the theory of cultural legitimacy. The hybrid structure of society, a concept borrowed from Melhem Chaoul, constitutes the specificity of the Lebanese context : the existence of a francophone, multicultural and provided with a large diaspora country, as well as the contemporary diffusion of digital practices, raise questions related to the definition of cultural identity. Promoting the concept of « degree of cultural adhesion » seems necessary in order to find an answer. Based on a survey of 1,200 respondents in Lebanon, 120 respondents in France and 36 in depth interviews, the study shows that young people, as opposed to the older ones, tend most towards Western culture and digital practices. The most educated people consume both Lebanese and Western cultural goods simultaneously. As a matter of fact, the consumption of Western cultural goods is facilitated by trilingualism, which is mastered by almost half of the Lebanese. Additionally it has been shown that the regional inequality of the cultural offer is not homologous to a regional inequality of cultural practices. Religious commitment as well as the position in the life cycle impact cultural practices.

La notion d’engagement se retrouve aujourd’hui au coeur de la grande majorité des recherches consacrées à la construction de l’État moderne en France, à la noblesse protestante ou encore aux guerres de Religion. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce courant dynamique de la recherche en histoire – et plus généralement en sciences humaines – mais c’est sur un temps long de presque deux siècles qu’elle propose d’analyser les mécanismes, les formes, les moyens et les conséquences des engagements politiques et religieux des membres d’une maison bien connue, mais paradoxalement peu étudiée, les Coligny-Châtillon. Au milieu du XVe siècle, Jean III de Coligny abandonne les clientèlesdu duc de Bourgogne ou du duc de Savoie et s’installe dans sa seigneurie de Châtillon-sur-Loing pour se consacrer au seul service du roi de France. Cet engagement fondamental est ensuite poursuivi par ses descendants, qui, en deux générations seulement, parviennent à se hisser au plus près du pouvoir royal.Cette position privilégiée est néanmoins remise en cause lorsque François d’Andelot, Gaspard de Coligny puis Odet de Châtillon s’engagent publiquement en faveur de la Cause huguenote.Aussi, à la rapide dégradation de la paix dans le royaume de France, répond l’inexorable chute de ces frères Châtillon dansl’estime des souverains. Une estime que leurs descendants s’efforcent à reconquérir totalement pendant près de quatre-vingts ans. Autant d’engagements qui propulsent donc les Coligny des montagnes de la Bresse et du Revermont jusqu’auConseil du roi ; qui les font progressivement glisser du statut de favoris à celui de criminels de lèse-majesté ; et qui les conduit enfin du gibet de Montfaucon jusqu’à la nécropole royale de Saint-Denis. / Nowadays the notion of commitment is at the heart of the great majority of researches devoted to the construction of themodern State in France, the protestant nobility and the wars of religion. This thesis is part of this dynamic current of research in history – and more generally in the human sciences – but it is on a time spanning almost two centuries that it offers to analyse the mechanisms, forms, means and consequences of the political and religious commitments of a well-known house’s members, but paradoxically little studied, the Coligny-Châtillon. In the middle of the 15th century, Jean III de Coligny abandoned the clientele of the duke of Burgundy or the duke of Savoy and settled in his domain of Châtillon-sur-Loing to devote himself entirely to the French king’s service. Pursuing this crucial commitment, his descendants’ succeeded in getting closer to the royal power in only two generations. This privileged position was nevertheless called into question when François d’Andelot, Gaspard de Coligny and then Odet de Châtillon publicly pledged their support for the Huguenot Cause. Thus, the fast degradation of peace in the French Kingdom echoes the inexorable fall of the Châtillon brothers in the sovereigns’ favour ; which favour their descendants’ would strive to recover completely for nearly eighty years. So many commitments that propelled the Coligny from mountains of Bresse and Revermont to the King’s Council ; which gradually shifted them from the status of favourites to that of “criminels de lèse-majesté” ; and which finally led them from the gibbet of Montfaucon to the royal necropolis of Saint-Denis.

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While some individuals experience their work as meaningful, others, with the same job, do not. The purpose of this dissertation is to answer the following question: Why do different individuals, with the same job, view the meaningfulness of their work in conflicting ways? I draw on terror management theory and generativity theory to answer this question by testing the relationship between death awareness and meaningful work. The bulk of academic work concerning meaningful work focuses on its outcomes and few scholars have explained the antecedents of meaningful work. This study aims to extend empirical work of the relationship between death awareness and meaningful.