Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Linda Saladin-Adams, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Humanities. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T16:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON MONTEIRO.pdf: 1076015 bytes, checksum: ba98a490b6d082130aea3b2a1ae68c05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T16:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON MONTEIRO.pdf: 1076015 bytes, checksum: ba98a490b6d082130aea3b2a1ae68c05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / The main aim of this discussion is to pursue, from Bartolom? de Las Casas (1484- 1566) thought, how the religion crises process in the period of Christianity have developed, which outlines in the enterprise of conquer and evangelization of the Spanish America (1492). By the end of XV century, and the beginning of XVI, Portugal and Spain, saw themselves in a position of replace the problem regarding Salvation in relevance, that is, the question that imposes: do the new peoples which are going to be known, have the same right to the benefit of Christian salvation, as much as the Europeans? Therefore, it`s possible to realize in Las Casas the viability of the proposal about the absolute respect to the consciences, it`s position in defense to the Indian peoples, the debate about slavery and the search for a peaceful colonization. After all, there were many previous process, dynamics, at their moments, they based habits, dynamics, at their moments they based habits, and dynamics, and at their moments, and they based habits and types of behaviors, which would indicate a new religious awareness. Even though, in the perspective that Las Casas had chosen, it had utopic structure. In this context, religion has become reference regarding the colonial expansion by being sat as core that makes possible the supposed inferiority from the conquered peoples. Therefore, it is going to identify the religious practices from Indian and African people as idolatrous, primitive and irrational, which will lead to the polemic between truth and false religion. Found in the ?Controversies de Valladolid? (1550- 1551), having as background the occurrences from the Protestant Reformation, the new postures from the internal religious orders, as the religiosity of new consequed people, it`s resistance and the process of religious tolerance. / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de aprofundar, a partir do pensamento de Bartolom? de Las Casas (1484-1566), como se desenvolveu o processo de crise religiosa no per?odo de cristandade, que se delineia no empreendimento de conquista e evangeliza??o da Am?rica Espanhola (1492). Ao final do s?culo XV, e in?cio do s?culo XVI, Portugal e Espanha, veem-se na condi??o de recolocar a problem?tica da Salva??o em relev?ncia, ou seja, a pergunta que se imp?e: os novos povos que v?o sendo conhecidos, tem o mesmo direito ao benef?cio da salva??o crist?, tanto quanto os europeus? Portanto, percebe-se em Las Casas a viabilidade da proposta do respeito absoluto ?s consci?ncias, o seu posicionamento na defesa dos povos ind?genas, o debate sobre a escravid?o e a busca por uma coloniza??o pac?fica. Afinal, v?rios processos e din?micas anteriores a ele, e em seu momento alicer?avam pr?ticas e costumes que indicariam uma nova consci?ncia religiosa. Mesmo que, na perspectiva que Las Casas tenha aderido, fosse uma estrutura??o mais assimilacionista e ut?pica. Nesse contexto, a religi?o tornou-se refer?ncia de sentido da expans?o colonial, ao ser instrumentalizada como n?cleo que possibilitaria a suposta inferioridade das popula??es conquistadas. O que caracterizar? a identifica??o das pr?ticas religiosas dos povos ind?genas e africanos como idol?tricas, primitivas e irracionais. O que levar? ? pol?mica entre falsa e verdadeira religi?o. Expressa na chamada Controv?rsia de Valladolid (1550-1551), tendo como pano de fundo as ocorr?ncias da Reforma Protestante, as novas posturas no interno das ordens religiosas, assim, como as religiosidades das novas popula??es conquistadas, sua resist?ncia e o processo de toler?ncia religiosa.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-22T12:19:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Antonio Boareto.pdf: 8134821 bytes, checksum: de3f187cc1ecccc280960f3790db32e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Antonio Boareto.pdf: 8134821 bytes, checksum: de3f187cc1ecccc280960f3790db32e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / Analyzing the cultural construction of religion in Quilombo Brotas is the objective proposed by this study. From the interdisciplinary spectrum of the Science of Religion, we offer an approach from the disciplines of History, Anthropology and Sociology respectively. Contextualizing the Quilombo Brotas historically, we consider the official historiographies and those produced by themselves through the oral tradition. Being an urban quilombo located on the outskirts of the city of Itatiba, we propose a perspective of anthropological analysis of the quilombola as a peripheral subject. Ethnography describes the field from the perspective of the quilombo located on the periphery. Based on Clifford Geertz we produced our cultural interpretation of religion and reflected on ethnographic production from the discussions in racial and postcolonial theories of Homi Bhabha and Mary Louse Pratt and philosophically from the reflection on otherness in Enrique Dussel. Given the description offered in the field, we analyze the religious situation in the quilombo from the Durkheimian theory looking through the model of analysis of the totemic system to understand the functioning of that society. To think of the urban, we use the concept of periphery as potentiality in D'Andrea and Pentecostalism as a culture of the periphery in relation to the option of the poor and black in Oliveira and the political significance of the quilombola communities for the Black Movement as a greater expression of the black resistance. The reflection on the religious situation in Quilombo Brotas brings a pertinent questioning and challenge to the reality of racism and religious intolerance among the quilombolas because of the bleaching (demonization) provided by the Pentecostals / Analisar a construção cultural da religião no Quilombo Brotas é o objetivo proposto por este estudo. A partir do espectro interdisciplinar da Ciência da Religião oferecemos uma abordagem a partir das disciplinas de História, Antropologia e Sociologia respectivamente. Contextualizando o Quilombo Brotas historicamente consideramos as historiografias oficiais e aquelas produzidas por eles mesmos por meio da tradição oral. Por tratar-se de um quilombo urbano localizado na periferia da cidade de Itatiba propomos uma perspectiva de análise antropológica do quilombola enquanto sujeito periférico. A etnografia descreve o campo a partir da perspectiva do quilombo localizado na periferia. Fundamentado em Clifford Geertz produzimos nossa interpretação cultural da religião e refletimos acerca da produção etnográfica a partir das discussões em teorias raciais e pós-coloniais de Homi Bhabha e Mary Louse Pratt e filosoficamente a partir da reflexão sobre alteridade em Enrique Dussel. Diante da descrição oferecida no campo, analisamos a situação religiosa no quilombo a partir da teoria durkheimiana procurando através do modelo de análise do sistema totêmico compreender o funcionamento dessa sociedade. Para pensar o urbano utilizamos o conceito de periferia enquanto potencialidade em D’Andrea e o pentecostalismo enquanto cultura da periferia em relação à opção dos pobres e negros em Oliveira e o significado político das comunidades quilombolas para o Movimento Negro enquanto maior expressão da resistência negra. A reflexão acerca da situação religiosa no Quilombo Brotas traz um pertinente questionamento e desafio à realidade de racismo e intolerância religiosa entre os quilombolas por causa do branqueamento (demonização) propiciada pelos pentecostais

This thesis demonstrates the importance of scholastic philosophy and natural law to the theory of religious uniformity and toleration in Seventeenth-Century England. Some of the most influential apologetic tracts produced by the Church of England, including Richard Hooker's Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Robert Sanderson's Ten lectures on humane conscience and Samuel Parker A discourse of ecclesiastical politie are examined and are shown to belong to a common Anglican tradition which emphasized aspects of scholastic natural law theory in order to refute pleas for ceremonial diversity and liberty of conscience. The relationship of these ideas to those of Hobbes and Locke are also explored. Studies of Seventeenth-Century ideas about conformity and toleration have often stressed the reverence people showed the individual conscience, and the weight they attributed to the examples of the magistrates of Israel and Judah. Yet arguments for and against uniformity and toleration might instead resolve themselves into disputes about the role of natural law within society, or the power of human laws over the conscience. In this the debate about religious uniformity could acquire a very philosophical and sometimes theological tone. Important but technical questions about moral obligation, metaphysics and theology are demonstrated to have played an important role in shaping perceptions of magisterial power over religion. These ideas are traced back to their roots in scholastic philosophy and the Summa of Aquinas. Scholastic theories about conscience, law, the virtues, human action and the distinction between nature and grace are shown to have animated certain of the Church's more influential apologists and their dissenting opponents. The kind of discourse surrounding toleration and liberty of conscience is thus shown to be very different than sometimes supposed. Perceptions of civil and ecclesiastical power were governed by a set of ideas and concerns that have hitherto not featured prominently in the literature about the development of religious toleration.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1087581 bytes, checksum: 31104cb47d7bd860c3fe58b8d419286f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / John Locke (1632-1704) is an important philosopher of Modern Age. His most important researches focus on the epistemology, theology, ethics and political philosophy. Among the themes investigated by Locke, it is present the problem of religious tolerance, on which the philosopher devoted more than four decades, between 1660 and 1704. During this period, we can characterize at least two different positions adopted by Locke on the relationship between the political and religious fields. The first position corresponds to the earliest writings about the Lockean tolerance: Two Tracts on Government (1660-62). In this period, Locke defends that the civil magistrate is entitled to impose laws on some religious aspects, that is, about the indifferent things". The strongest allegation of the philosopher is that only through religious uniformity in terms of "indifferent things", is that the magistrate could ensure order within the civil community, preventing the peace from been disturbed by religious disputes. The second Lockean position corresponds mainly to Epistola de tolerantia (1689). In this time, Locke changes his argument and begins to defend religious tolerance, basing exactly on the separation of the State and Church and setting different functions for each of these institutions, as well as their own powers to perform their proper functions. The objective of this study is to investigate the different concepts of tolerance in the three works presented above. We will defend two hypotheses about the Lockean tolerance. 1. First, we will support that, despite of the change in Locke's position on the relationship between the State and Church, the philosopher remains an element unchanged over his writings on tolerance, namely, his "theological conception", and we will claim that this "theological conception" is essential to understand the Lockean concept of tolerance. 2. We will defend that the concept of tolerance presented in Epistola of 1689 can elucidate the political and religious problems encountered in the context of the Protestant Reform and religious wars occurred in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. / John Locke (1632-1704) é um importante filósofo da Época Moderna. As suas investigações mais relevantes giram em torno da epistemologia, da teologia, da ética e da filosofia política. Dentre os temas mais examinados por Locke, encontra-se o problema da tolerância religiosa, sobre o qual o filósofo se dedicou por mais de quatro décadas, entre 1660 e 1704. Ao longo desse período, podemos caracterizar pelo menos duas posições distintas adotadas por Locke sobre a relação entre o campo político e o campo religioso. A primeira posição corresponde aos primeiros escritos lockeanos a respeito da tolerância: Two tracts on Government (1660-62). Neste período, Locke defende que o magistrado civil tem legitimidade para impor leis sobre alguns aspectos da religião, isto é, sobre as coisas indiferentes . A alegação mais forte do filósofo é a de que, somente através da uniformidade religiosa no que tange às coisas indiferentes , é que o magistrado poderia assegurar a ordem no seio da comunidade civil, impedindo que a paz fosse perturbada por disputas religiosas. Já a segunda posição lockeana corresponde principalmente a Epistola de tolerantia (1689). Neste período, Locke muda a sua argumentação e passa a defender a tolerância religiosa partindo exatamente da separação entre Estado e Igreja e estabelecendo funções diferentes para cada uma dessas instituições, assim como poderes próprios para a realização de suas devidas funções. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar as diferentes concepções de tolerância apresentada nas três obras acima. Defenderemos duas hipóteses sobre a tolerância lockeana. 1. Primeiramente, argumentaremos que, apesar da mudança na posição de Locke sobre a relação entre Estado e igreja, o filósofo mantém um elemento inalterável ao longo dos seus escritos sobre a tolerância, a saber, a sua concepção teológica ; e sustentaremos que essa concepção teológica é essencial para a compreensão do conceito lockeano de tolerância. 2. Defenderemos ainda que a concepção de tolerância apresentada na Carta de 1689 consegue elucidar os problemas político-religiosos nascidos no contexto da Reforma Protestante e das guerras religiosas ocorridas na Europa, durante os séculos XVI e XVII.

The Shembe Church's integration of African Traditional Religion and Christianity has been met by many challenges. This merger has been rejected by both African traditionalists and Christians. The Shembe Church has been met by intolerance even though the movement in some ways creates multiculturalism between different people and cultures. This thesis documents the Shembe Church's ideas and practices; it discusses how the Shembe Church combines two ideologies that appear to be at odds with each other. In looking at Shembe ideas and practices, the thesis discusses African religion-inspired rituals like ukusina, ancestral honouring, animal sacrificing and virgin testing. The thesis also discusses the heavy Christian influence within the Shembe Church; this is done by looking at the Shembe Church's use of The Bible and Moses' Laws which play a crucial role in the Church. The challenges the Shembe Church faces are another main theme of the thesis. The thesis looks at cases of intolerance and human rights violations experienced by Shembe members. This is done in part by looking at the living conditions at eBuhleni, located at Inanda, KZN. The thesis also analyses individual Shembe member's experiences and discusses how some members of the Shembe church experience the acceptance of the Shembe religion in South African society. This thesis concludes by trying to make a distinction between intolerance and controversy. I try to highlight the idea that what many Shembe followers see as discrimination and intolerance towards them is sometimes a difference in opinion from other cultural groups. Sometimes these differences are not geared towards criticising other religious groups or perpetuating intolerance.

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<p>This dissertation deals with the encounter between Lutheran orthodoxy and conservative pietism 1720–1730. The aim has been to compare their views on society and man. </p><p>In the pietistic conflict, orthodoxy gave rise to attitudes which proved to be key to its view on society and man. It was a deeply rooted traditionalism, patriarchal order of society, demand for confessional uniformity and a corporativistic view on society. The above mentioned contained a specific view on the relationship between the church, state and individual. By using the Organism Metaphor, i.e. society depicted as a body, orthodoxy made visible the church’s collective unity. This body was also identical to the Swedish kingdom. If uniformity in faith and ceremonies was to be dissolved, it implied a disintegration of the social body and breaking of the bonds which held together both church and country. Uniformity was upheld through confessionalism and the partiarchal order of the church. The priests’ monopoly on official functions, and the legal calling created a barrier protecting this relationship to power. Where the views on society and man intersected, one specific theme can be identified – conscience. This spiritual function connected man to law, society’s patriarchal order and God. </p><p>I have emphasised five distinct traits of pietism: its polarizing tendencies, strong emotionalism, its reformist attitude towards church and social life, its egalitarianism and religious individualism. All of these traits collided with orthodoxy’s view on society and man. Pietism can be described as a massive christianization project, which included moral and ethic education of the people on an individual and collective level. Where pietism and religious individualism coincided with egalitarianism, a new discourse for conscience was established, where conscience became both an internal court of law – with God acting as judge – and a spiritual authority whose integrity grew in proportion to authority and church.</p>

This dissertation deals with the encounter between Lutheran orthodoxy and conservative pietism 1720–1730. The aim has been to compare their views on society and man. In the pietistic conflict, orthodoxy gave rise to attitudes which proved to be key to its view on society and man. It was a deeply rooted traditionalism, patriarchal order of society, demand for confessional uniformity and a corporativistic view on society. The above mentioned contained a specific view on the relationship between the church, state and individual. By using the Organism Metaphor, i.e. society depicted as a body, orthodoxy made visible the church’s collective unity. This body was also identical to the Swedish kingdom. If uniformity in faith and ceremonies was to be dissolved, it implied a disintegration of the social body and breaking of the bonds which held together both church and country. Uniformity was upheld through confessionalism and the partiarchal order of the church. The priests’ monopoly on official functions, and the legal calling created a barrier protecting this relationship to power. Where the views on society and man intersected, one specific theme can be identified – conscience. This spiritual function connected man to law, society’s patriarchal order and God. I have emphasised five distinct traits of pietism: its polarizing tendencies, strong emotionalism, its reformist attitude towards church and social life, its egalitarianism and religious individualism. All of these traits collided with orthodoxy’s view on society and man. Pietism can be described as a massive christianization project, which included moral and ethic education of the people on an individual and collective level. Where pietism and religious individualism coincided with egalitarianism, a new discourse for conscience was established, where conscience became both an internal court of law – with God acting as judge – and a spiritual authority whose integrity grew in proportion to authority and church.

Diploma thesis Islam in Tatarstan in the nineties of 20th century presents an analysis of Islam and Muslim community in the Republic of Tatarstan at the end of 20th century. During this period Tatarstan not only gained its statehood, but the Islamic revival started thanks to the restoration of religious freedom. This diploma thesis is divided into five chapters. After the short historical excursus, the Islamic revival and its connection with Tatar national movement are presented. Consequently, the relation between Muslim clerics and politics and also the regime's attitude towards Islam is analyzed. This analysis leads to a conclusion that even though Islam was not a good instrument for electors' mobilization and clerics could not influence the politics, we can consider Islam as being unofficial state religion. Next two chapters focus on Tatar Muslim community. First the development of Muslim community in the nineties is analyzed. The influence of the Middle East charitable funds and Islamic education is investigated in more detail. The fifth chapter emphasizes the world-view of Muslims, their perception of religion, their own ethnicity and politics. Different trends of Islam, which appeared in the nineties, are presented too. The analysis demonstrates that Islam in Tatarstan was an important...