Pour répondre au besoin de 14 millions de personnes, dont près de 10% vit en situation de perte d'autonomie ou de grande dépendance, notre société va devoir trouver rapidement des solutions de prise en charge. La télémédecine, et plus particulièrement la télésurveillance médicale à domicile, constitue aujourd'hui une solution pour pallier le manque de professionnels de santé face au fort accroissement de la population âgée en Europe. Dans ce contexte, nous nous intéressons au HIS -« Habitat intelligent pour la Santé ». Le travail de la thèse a été de développer un outil informatique de simulation des activités (déplacements) d'une personne suivie à l'intérieur d'un HIS. La création d'un simulateur est vue comme un moyen d'améliorer les performances et la qualité de service de la télésurveillance à domicile. Nous avons testé plusieurs méthodes de simulations (réseaux de neurones artificiel, chaines de Markov, urnes de Polya) et retenu les chaines de Markov cachées (HMM). Le simulateur a été implémenté en MATLAB à partir de la modélisation de données réelles provenant d'HIS occupés par des personnes âgées, dont certaines vivent seules. La validation des données produites par le simulateur a été effectuée par mesure de corrélation surfacique entre les données réelles et les données simulées. Ce travail ouvre la voie à la production de données d'activités simulées suivant un profil type de patient, sans passer par de longues et couteuses expérimentations de terrain. / Our societies will have to meet rapidly the needs of 14 million people who often live in situations of loss of autonomy or dependence with quick solutions supported. Telemedicine, and especially the home telemonitoring, is now a solution to alleviate the shortage of health professionals confronted to the great increase in population in Europe. In this context, we investigated the HIS "Smart Habitat for Health". The work of this thesis was to develop a digital simulator of activities (displacements) of a person followed within a HIS. The creation of a simulator is seen as a solution to improve performance and quality of service of home telemonitoring. We tested several methods of simulation (artificial neural networks, Markov chains, Polya urns) and retained the hidden Markov (HMM). This simulator was implemented under MATLAB, after the modeling of data collected in HIS occupied by elderly people, some living alone. Validation of data generated by the simulator was performed by measuring surface correlation between real and simulated data. This work paves the way for production activity data simulated according to a profile type of patient, without going through lengthy and costly field experiments.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMTL_DISSERT.pdf: 5377292 bytes, checksum: 39e8ffd078c1ad7b51b4db49d8d4f654 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / The great diversity in the architecture of biomedical devices, coupled with their different communication protocols, has hindered the implementation of systems that need to make access to these devices. Given these differences, the need arises to provide access to such a transparent manner. In this sense, this paper proposes an embedded architecture, service-oriented, for access to biomedical devices, as a way to abstract the mechanism for writing and reading data on these devices, thereby contributing to the increase in quality and productivity of biomedical systems so as to enable that, the focus of the development team of biomedical software, is almost exclusively directed to its functional requirements / A grande diversidade na arquitetura de dispositivos biom?dicos, aliada aos seus diferentes protocolos de comunica??o, tem dificultado a implementa??o de sistemas que necessitam realizar o acesso a esses dispositivos. Diante dessas diferen?as, surge a necessidade de prover o acesso a esses de forma transparente. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho prop?e uma arquitetura embarcada, orientada a servi?o, para acesso a dispositivos biom?dicos, como forma de abstrair o mecanismo de escrita e leitura de dados nesses dispositivos, contribuindo desta maneira, para o aumento na qualidade e produtividade dos sistemas biom?dicos, de forma a possibilitar com que, o foco da equipe de desenvolvimento de softwares biom?dicos, seja quase que exclusivamente voltado aos seus requisitos funcionais

Background Camera-based photoplethysmography (cbPPG) is a measurement technique which enables remote vital sign monitoring by using cameras. To obtain valid plethysmograms, proper regions of interest (ROIs) have to be selected in the video data. Most automated selection methods rely on specific spatial or temporal features limiting a broader application. In this work, we present a new method which overcomes those drawbacks and, therefore, allows cbPPG to be applied in an intraoperative environment. Methods We recorded 41 patients during surgery using an RGB and a near-infrared (NIR) camera. A Bayesian skin classifier was employed to detect suitable regions, and a level set segmentation approach to define and track ROIs based on spatial homogeneity. Results The results show stable and homogeneously illuminated ROIs. We further evaluated their quality with regards to extracted cbPPG signals. The green channel provided the best results where heart rates could be correctly estimated in 95.6% of cases. The NIR channel yielded the highest contribution in compensating false estimations. Conclusions The proposed method proved that cbPPG is applicable in intraoperative environments. It can be easily transferred to other settings regardless of which body site is considered.

This thesis concerns monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation. Monitoring itself means measuring voltages and power flows and sending relevant data to the supervisory system. The first part of the thesis describes distribution systems with differences between individual voltage levels. The following chapter is focused on consequences of high share of renewable energy sources in distribution systems. Most of the problems are partially resolved by technical conditions for connection of the new power sources. However, difficulties with voltage regulation and uncontrolled power flows to higher voltage levels remain. These are the reasons for measuring voltages and currents in medium voltage networks. Second to last subhead of this chapter is dedicated to possible benefits of monitoring. The fourth part of the thesis deals with voltage and current sensors with their advantages and disadvantages. The best suitable devices are chosen in the end of the chapter. It is crucial to mention that sensors are only part of measuring system. Analog outputs from current or voltage transformers need to be converted to digital signal and further processed. After that required quantities are finally sent. Properties of these circuit cards are described in the sixth chapter. Following part aims to define a certain key that will determine the suitable locations for installation of the measurement. The final part of the thesis compares measured voltages and power flows from real 22 kV network with calculated values from computer program PAS DAISY Bizon.

No description available.

A challenge for the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the large within- and between-patient variability in symptom profiles as well as the emergence of motor complications which represent a significant source of disability in patients. This thesis deals with the development and evaluation of methods and systems for supporting the management of PD by using repeated measures, consisting of subjective assessments of symptoms and objective assessments of motor function through fine motor tests (spirography and tapping), collected by means of a telemetry touch screen device. One aim of the thesis was to develop methods for objective quantification and analysis of the severity of motor impairments being represented in spiral drawings and tapping results. This was accomplished by first quantifying the digitized movement data with time series analysis and then using them in data-driven modelling for automating the process of assessment of symptom severity. The objective measures were then analysed with respect to subjective assessments of motor conditions. Another aim was to develop a method for providing comparable information content as clinical rating scales by combining subjective and objective measures into composite scores, using time series analysis and data driven methods. The scores represent six symptom dimensions and an overall test score for reflecting the global health condition of the patient. In addition, the thesis presents the development of a web-based system for providing a visual representation of symptoms over time allowing clinicians to remotely monitor the symptom profiles of their patients. The quality of the methods was assessed by reporting different metrics of validity, reliability and sensitivity to treatment interventions and natural PD progression over time. Results from two studies demonstrated that the methods developed for the fine motor tests had good metrics indicating that they are appropriate to quantitatively and objectively assess the severity of motor impairments of PD patients. The fine motor tests captured different symptoms; spiral drawing impairment and tapping accuracy related to dyskinesias (involuntary movements) whereas tapping speed related to bradykinesia (slowness of movements). A longitudinal data analysis indicated that the six symptom dimensions and the overall test score contained important elements of information of the clinical scales and can be used to measure effects of PD treatment interventions and disease progression. A usability evaluation of the web-based system showed that the information presented in the system was comparable to qualitative clinical observations and the system was recognized as a tool that will assist in the management of patients.

The constant monitoring of a computer is one of the essentials to be up-to-date about its state. This may seem trivial if one is sitting right in front of it but when monitoring a computer from a certain distance it is not as simple anymore. It gets even more difficult if a large number of computers need to be monitored. Because the process of monitoring always causes some load on the network and the monitored computer itself, it is important to keep these influences as low as possible. Especially for a high-performance cluster that was built from a lot of computers, it is necessary that the monitoring approach works as efficiently as possible and does not influence the actual operations of the supercomputer. Thus, the main goals of this work were, first of all, analyses to ensure the scalability of the monitoring solution for a large computer cluster as well as to prove the functionality of it in practise. To achieve this, a classification of monitoring activities in terms of the overall operation of a large computer system was accomplished first. Thereafter, methods and solutions were presented which are suitable for a general scenario to execute the process of monitoring as efficient and scalable as possible. During the course of this work, conclusions from the operation of an existing cluster for the operation of a new, more powerful system were drawn to ensure its functionality as good as possible. Consequently, a selection of applications from an existing pool of solutions was made to find one that is most suitable for the monitoring of the new cluster. The selection took place considering the special situation of the system like the usage of InfiniBand as the network interconnect. Further on, an additional software was developed which can read and process the different status information of the InfiniBand ports, unaffected by the vendor of the hardware. This functionality, which so far had not been available in free monitoring applications, was exemplarily realised for the chosen monitoring software. Finally, the influence of monitoring activities on the actual tasks of the cluster was of interest. To examine the influence on the CPU and the network, the self-developed plugin as well as a selection of typical monitoring values were used exemplarily. It could be proven that no impact on the productive application for typical monitoring intervals can be expected and only for atypically short intervals a minor influence could be determined. / Die ständige Überwachung eines Computers gehört zu den essentiellen Dingen, die zu tun sind um immer auf dem Laufenden zu sein, wie der aktuelle Zustand des Rechners ist. Dies ist trivial, wenn man direkt davor sitzt, aber wenn man einen Computer aus der Ferne beobachten soll ist dies schon nicht mehr so einfach möglich. Schwieriger wird es dann, wenn es eine große Anzahl an Rechnern zu überwachen gilt. Da der Vorgang der Überwachung auch immer etwas Netzwerklast und Last auf dem zu überwachenden Rechner selber verursacht, ist es wichtig diese Einflüsse so gering wie möglich zu halten. Gerade dann, wenn man viele Computer zu einem leistungsfähigen Cluster zusammen geschalten hat ist es notwendig, dass diese Überwachungslösung möglichst effizient funktioniert und die eigentliche Arbeit des Supercomputers nicht stört. Die Hauptziele dieser Arbeit sind deshalb Analysen zur Sicherstellung der Skalierbarkeit der Überwachungslösung für einen großen Computer Cluster, sowie der praktische Nachweis der Funktionalität dieser. Dazu wurde zuerst eine Einordnung des Monitorings in den Gesamtbetrieb eines großen Computersystems vorgenommen. Danach wurden Methoden und Lösungen aufgezeigt, welche in einem allgemeinen Szenario geeignet sind, um den ganzheitlichen Vorgang der Überwachung möglichst effizient und skalierbar durchzuführen. Im weiteren Verlauf wurde darauf eingegangen welche Lehren aus dem Betrieb eines vorhandenen Clusters für den Betrieb eines neuen, leistungsfähigeren Systems gezogen werden können um dessen Funktion möglichst gut gewährleisten zu können. Darauf aufbauend wurde eine Auswahl getroffen, welche Anwendung aus einer Menge existierende Lösungen heraus, zur Überwachung des neuen Clusters besonders geeignet ist. Dies fand unter Berücksichtigung der spezielle Situation, zum Beispiel der Verwendung von InfiniBand als Verbindungsnetzwerk, statt. Im Zuge dessen wurde eine zusätzliche Software entwickelt, welche die verschiedensten Statusinformationen der InfiniBand Anschlüsse auslesen und verarbeiten kann, unabhängig vom Hersteller der Hardware. Diese Funktionalität, welche im Bereich der freien Überwachungsanwendungen bisher ansonsten noch nicht verfügbar war, wurde beispielhaft für die gewählte Monitoring Software umgesetzt. Letztlich war der Einfluss der Überwachungsaktivitäten auf die eigentlichen Anwendungen des Clusters von Interesse. Dazu wurden exemplarisch das selbst entwickelte Plugin sowie eine Auswahl an typischen Überwachungswerten benutzt, um den Einfluss auf die CPU und das Netzwerk zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass für typische Überwachungsintervalle keine Einschränkungen der eigentlichen Anwendung zu erwarten sind und dass überhaupt nur für untypisch kurze Intervalle ein geringer Einfluss festzustellen war.

The constant monitoring of a computer is one of the essentials to be up-to-date about its state. This may seem trivial if one is sitting right in front of it but when monitoring a computer from a certain distance it is not as simple anymore. It gets even more difficult if a large number of computers need to be monitored. Because the process of monitoring always causes some load on the network and the monitored computer itself, it is important to keep these influences as low as possible. Especially for a high-performance cluster that was built from a lot of computers, it is necessary that the monitoring approach works as efficiently as possible and does not influence the actual operations of the supercomputer. Thus, the main goals of this work were, first of all, analyses to ensure the scalability of the monitoring solution for a large computer cluster as well as to prove the functionality of it in practise. To achieve this, a classification of monitoring activities in terms of the overall operation of a large computer system was accomplished first. Thereafter, methods and solutions were presented which are suitable for a general scenario to execute the process of monitoring as efficient and scalable as possible. During the course of this work, conclusions from the operation of an existing cluster for the operation of a new, more powerful system were drawn to ensure its functionality as good as possible. Consequently, a selection of applications from an existing pool of solutions was made to find one that is most suitable for the monitoring of the new cluster. The selection took place considering the special situation of the system like the usage of InfiniBand as the network interconnect. Further on, an additional software was developed which can read and process the different status information of the InfiniBand ports, unaffected by the vendor of the hardware. This functionality, which so far had not been available in free monitoring applications, was exemplarily realised for the chosen monitoring software. Finally, the influence of monitoring activities on the actual tasks of the cluster was of interest. To examine the influence on the CPU and the network, the self-developed plugin as well as a selection of typical monitoring values were used exemplarily. It could be proven that no impact on the productive application for typical monitoring intervals can be expected and only for atypically short intervals a minor influence could be determined. / Die ständige Überwachung eines Computers gehört zu den essentiellen Dingen, die zu tun sind um immer auf dem Laufenden zu sein, wie der aktuelle Zustand des Rechners ist. Dies ist trivial, wenn man direkt davor sitzt, aber wenn man einen Computer aus der Ferne beobachten soll ist dies schon nicht mehr so einfach möglich. Schwieriger wird es dann, wenn es eine große Anzahl an Rechnern zu überwachen gilt. Da der Vorgang der Überwachung auch immer etwas Netzwerklast und Last auf dem zu überwachenden Rechner selber verursacht, ist es wichtig diese Einflüsse so gering wie möglich zu halten. Gerade dann, wenn man viele Computer zu einem leistungsfähigen Cluster zusammen geschalten hat ist es notwendig, dass diese Überwachungslösung möglichst effizient funktioniert und die eigentliche Arbeit des Supercomputers nicht stört. Die Hauptziele dieser Arbeit sind deshalb Analysen zur Sicherstellung der Skalierbarkeit der Überwachungslösung für einen großen Computer Cluster, sowie der praktische Nachweis der Funktionalität dieser. Dazu wurde zuerst eine Einordnung des Monitorings in den Gesamtbetrieb eines großen Computersystems vorgenommen. Danach wurden Methoden und Lösungen aufgezeigt, welche in einem allgemeinen Szenario geeignet sind, um den ganzheitlichen Vorgang der Überwachung möglichst effizient und skalierbar durchzuführen. Im weiteren Verlauf wurde darauf eingegangen welche Lehren aus dem Betrieb eines vorhandenen Clusters für den Betrieb eines neuen, leistungsfähigeren Systems gezogen werden können um dessen Funktion möglichst gut gewährleisten zu können. Darauf aufbauend wurde eine Auswahl getroffen, welche Anwendung aus einer Menge existierende Lösungen heraus, zur Überwachung des neuen Clusters besonders geeignet ist. Dies fand unter Berücksichtigung der spezielle Situation, zum Beispiel der Verwendung von InfiniBand als Verbindungsnetzwerk, statt. Im Zuge dessen wurde eine zusätzliche Software entwickelt, welche die verschiedensten Statusinformationen der InfiniBand Anschlüsse auslesen und verarbeiten kann, unabhängig vom Hersteller der Hardware. Diese Funktionalität, welche im Bereich der freien Überwachungsanwendungen bisher ansonsten noch nicht verfügbar war, wurde beispielhaft für die gewählte Monitoring Software umgesetzt. Letztlich war der Einfluss der Überwachungsaktivitäten auf die eigentlichen Anwendungen des Clusters von Interesse. Dazu wurden exemplarisch das selbst entwickelte Plugin sowie eine Auswahl an typischen Überwachungswerten benutzt, um den Einfluss auf die CPU und das Netzwerk zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass für typische Überwachungsintervalle keine Einschränkungen der eigentlichen Anwendung zu erwarten sind und dass überhaupt nur für untypisch kurze Intervalle ein geringer Einfluss festzustellen war.