O objetivo geral desta tese foi examinar diferentes 1 questões associadas ao 2 processo de invasão de plantas para investigar os mecanismos, impactos e 3 medidas de recuperação da comunidade vegetal, abordando diferentes estratégias 4 metodológicas que incluem estudos observacionais, experimentos de remoção e 5 uma revisão metodológica. Os resultados do Capítulo 1 mostraram como as 6 relações entre condições climáticas e estrutura da paisagem podem determinar o 7 grau de invasão de plantas na escala regional. Observou-se que os padrões de 8 invasão dos campos sulinos estão principalmente relacionados com maior 9 densidade de estradas, menor cobertura de campo nativo e com o aumento do 10 déficit hídrico. Além disso, constatou-se que a gramínea Eragrostis plana é a 11 planta invasora mais abundante dos campos sulinos. No entanto, os resultados do 12 experimento do Capítulo 2 mostraram que sua invasão não pode ser explicada 13 pela riqueza de espécies ou composição dos grupos funcionais de plantas da 14 comunidade residente. A invasão de E. plana foi principalmente associada ao 15 distúrbio causado pela remoção de biomassa na comunidade. Neste sentido, as 16 comunidades campestres poderiam ser resistentes à invasão de E. plana até que 17 algum distúrbio aumente sua vulnerabilidade. Por outro lado, através da 18 comparação entre comunidades invadidas, removidas e não-invadidas, os 19 resultados do experimento do Capítulo 3 contribuíram no entendimento do 20 impacto real da invasão de E. plana, em termos de redução da riqueza e cobertura 21 de plantas nativas na comunidade. No entanto, embora os métodos de remoção 22 utilizados reduziram a cobertura da invasora, não foram suficientes para conseguir 23 sua erradicação local. Além disso, após três anos de remoção de E. plana, as comunidades se tornaram distintas às invadidas mas não 1 foram semelhantes às 2 comunidades não invadias, o qual poderia indicar que outras medidas de 3 restauração são ainda necessárias. Embora os experimentos de remoção de 4 espécies sejam úteis para investigar questões associadas ao processo de 5 invasão, existem limitações importantes a considerar, como foi evidenciado nos 6 Capítulos 2 e 3. Neste sentido, oferecemos a revisão bibliográfica sistemática do 7 Capítulo 4, onde se discute o potencial dos métodos de remoção utilizados para 8 estudar a resistência e a recuperação da comunidade à invasão, apontando 9 algumas limitações. Como resultado, o Capítulo 4 mostrou que a maioria dos 10 trabalhos não propõem controles adequados nos experimentos, o que pode dar 11 lugar a confundimento de efeitos. Desta forma, foram desenvolvidas algumas 12 sugestões para serem consideradas nos experimentos de remoção de espécies, 13 com o objetivo de continuar avançando nesta temática. As informações geradas 14 nesta tese podem contribuir para o entendimento do processo de invasão de 15 plantas nos ecossistemas campestres, com vistas ao manejo, à conservação e à 16 restauração das comunidades invadidas, adquirindo um senso crítico no 17 planejamento de desenhos experimentas. / The general aim of this thesis was to investigate different 1 issues associated 2 with plant invasion process to understand the mechanisms, impacts and 3 community recovery, by employing different methodological strategies such as 4 observational studies, removal experiments and a literature review. The results 5 from Chapter 1 showed how the interactions between climate and landscape 6 structure can determine the level of invasion of South Brazilian grasslands, 7 highlighting that invasion is mainly related to high road density, less native 8 grassland cover and increased aridity. Furthermore, it was confirmed that 9 Eragrostis plana is the most important invasive species in the South Brazilian 10 grasslands. However, the results from the experiment of Chapter 2 showed that its 11 invasion could not be explained by the species richness or functional group 12 composition in the community. Eragrostis plana invasion was associated with the 13 disturbance effect caused by the amount of removed biomass. Thus, grassland 14 communities may be resistant to E. plana invasion until some disturbance 15 increases their vulnerability. Moreover, by comparing invaded, removed and non16 invaded communities, the experimental results of Chapter 3 highlighted the 17 ecological impact of E. plana invasion, in terms of richness reduction and native 18 species cover. However, although removals methods reduced the cover of the 19 invasive species, they were not enough to locally extinct it. Moreover, after three 20 years of the invasive removal, communities became different from invaded ones 21 but not resembling non-invaded references, which suggest that community 22 recovery may require restoration strategies. Although removal experiments have 23 been useful to investigate certain issues associated with invasion process, there are important limitations to consider, as was shown in Chapter 1 2 and 3. For this 2 purpose, our systematic review presented in Chapter 4 discussed the potential of 3 removal methods for assessing community resistance and recovery from invasion. 4 There, we showed that most of the studies did not use adequate controls in 5 removal experiments, which can lead to confounding effects. Thus, we developed 6 suggestions to be considered in experimental designs to advance the 7 methodological technique of removals. The information generated in this thesis can 8 contribute to the understanding of plant invasion process in South Brazilian 9 grasslands and, consequently, aid to management, conservation and restoration of 10 invaded communities by acquiring a critical sense in experimental designs.

Na literatura não existe consenso em relação à quantidade de dentina cariada que deve ser removida durante o preparo cavitário. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os microorganismos remanescentes após a remoção total de tecido cariado e selamento e a remoção parcial de tecido cariado e selamento. Molares permanentes com lesões de cárie primárias ativas localizadas no terço médio da dentina e apresentando polpa vital foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo teste - remoção parcial de tecido cariado (n=18), ou grupo de controle - remoção total de tecido cariado (tratamento restaurador convencional) (n=18). Os desfechos analisados foram a quantificação microbiana e a freqüência de isolamento microbiano. Amostras de dentina foram obtidas com duas brocas de baixa rotação estéreis n º 4, após a remoção da cárie e após 3 meses de proteção com cimento de hidróxido de cálcio e selamento das cavidades com cimento de ionômero de vidro. As amostras foram armazenadas em um recipiente estéril contendo 1,2 ml de RTF e submetidas a diluições decimais. Análises microbiológicas foram realizadas para Streptococcus spp., estreptococos do grupo mutans, Lactobacillus spp. e contagem total de anaeróbios.Antes do selamento, uma maior contagem de microrganismos foi detectada no grupo teste, em comparação ao grupo controle. No grupo de teste, uma redução significativa foi encontrada, após o selamento, na contagem de anaeróbios totais, Streptococcus spp. e Lactobacillus spp. Após 3 meses de selamento, não foi detectada diferença no crescimento microbiano entre os grupos para qualquer um dos microrganismos estudados. Portanto, a semelhança observada entre a infecção microbiana após a escavação convencional e remoção parcial de tecido cariado sugere que não há necessidade de realizar a remoção total do tecido cariado baseada em critérios clínicos convencionais de dureza. / In the literature there is no consensus on the amount of carious dentin to be removed during the cavity preparation. Thus, this study aimed to compare the remaining microorganisms after complete caries removal and sealing to partial caries removal and sealing. Permanent molars with active primary carious lesions located in the middle third of dentin and vital pulp were randomly divided into two groups of 18: test group - partial caries removal, or control group – complete caries removal (conventional restorative treatment). The outcomes analyzed were microbial quantification and frequency of microbial isolation. Dentin samples were obtained with two sterile n° 4 round burs after caries removal and after 3 months of protection with calcium hydroxide cement and sealing of the cavities with glass ionomer cement. The samples were stored in a sterile container with 1.2 ml of RTF and submitted to decimal dilutions. Microbiological analyses were performed to the Streptococcus spp., Mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus spp. and total anaerobes counts. Before sealing, a higher microorganism counts were detected in the test group compared to the control group. In the test group, significant reduction was found after sealing in the total anaerobes count, Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. After 3 months of sealing, no difference was detected in microbial growth between groups for any of the microorganisms studied. Therefore, the observed similarity between the microbial infection after conventional excavation and partial caries removal suggests that there is no need to perform complete caries removal based on conventional clinical criteria of hardness.

No description available.

Le dessalement de l’eau de mer par osmose inverse connait un intérêt croissant depuis une vingtaine d’années afin de répondre aux besoins en eau potable et en eau d’irrigation dans de nombreuses régions dans le monde. Cependant, le bore contenu dans l’eau de mer est incomplètement éliminé par osmose inverse et des concentrations supérieures à la valeur limite de 0,3 mg/ sont obtenues. Dans cette étude, nous présentons des résultats sur l'élimination du bore de l'eau de mer en utilisant une technique hybride de résine échangeuse d'ions/microfiltration sans addition continue de résine. Une membrane de microfiltration en céramique a été utilisée pour retenir la résine échangeuse d'ions dans le réservoir d'alimentation et la boucle de circulation tandis que la solution modèle de bore ou l’eau de mer était continuellement ajoutée. Tout d'abord, des résines fines de taille moyenne 40 - 60 µm ont été obtenues par broyage et tamisage de résines commerciales (Amberlite IRA743, Diaion CRB05 et Purolite S108). Les résines ont ensuite été testées en système batch pour obtenir les cinétiques de sorption et par la technique hybride de sorption/microfiltration pour mesurer les courbes de perçage et le flux de perméat. L'effet de la dose de résine, de la concentration initiale en bore, de la pression transmembranaire et de la taille des pores de la membrane a été étudié. Dans une deuxième partie, l’effet de la taille des particules de résine sur les courbes de perçage en sortie d’une colonne a été déterminé et une comparaison entre les performances d’une colonne et d’un système hybride a été proposée. Dans une dernière partie, les isothermes et cinétiques de sorption expérimentales sont comparées à des équations classiques, et les courbes de perçage en colonne et en système hybride sont modélisées. En conclusion, il est suggéré que le procédé hybride de résine échangeuse d'ions et microfiltration sans ajout continu de résines peut être une technique possible pour l'élimination du bore / The maximum concentration suggested by the World Health Organization is 0.3 mg/L. In this study, we investigated a hybrid process for boron removal from water which associates sorption on ion exchange resin and microfiltration, without continuous resin addition. First, fine resins were obtained by grounding and sieving at 40 and 60 µm commercial resins (Amberlite IRA743, Diaion CRB05 and Purolite S108). The resins were then tested in batch to obtain the kinetics and in the hybrid sorption/microfiltration process to measure breakthrough curves and permeate flux. A ceramic microfiltration membrane was used to retain the ion exchange resin in the feed tank and the circulation loop while the boron solution was continuously added and the permeate collected for analysis. The effect of resin dosage, boron initial concentration, transmembrane pressure and membrane pore size was studied. In a second part, the effect of the size of the resin particles on the breakthrough curves measured at the outlet of a column was determined and a comparison between the performances of a column and a hybrid system are proposed. For the Amberlite IRA743 resin, the overall process was tested: reverse osmosis followed by hybrid sorption/microfiltration. The hybrid process was able to re-duce concentration of bacterial and phytoplankton cells thanks to the steric rejection by the microfiltration membrane, suggesting that the same membrane can be used as a pretreatment before reverse osmosis in a desalination plant. In a final part, the experimental isotherms and kinetics are compared with classical models, and the breakthrough curves obtained with a column and with the hybrid sys-tem are modelised. Overall, it is suggested that the hybrid process of ion exchange resin and microfiltration without continuous addition of resin may be a possible technique for boron removal

by So Lai Man, Rachel. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-103). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- Literature Review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of metal ions pollution --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Treatment of metal ions in wastewater --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Conventional methods --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Microbial methods --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Phytoremediation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Rhizofiltration --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Mechanisms of metal ion removal by plant root --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Using water hyacinth for wastewater treatment --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Biology of water hyacinth --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Water hyacinth based systems for wastewater treatment --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Biology of rhizosphere --- p.23 / Chapter 2. --- Objectives --- p.26 / Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Metal ion stock solution --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Plant material and growth conditions --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preparation of Hoagland solution --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3 --- Metal ion resistance of water hyacinth --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of metal ion concentration on the bacteria population --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Minimal medium (MM) --- p.31 / Chapter 3.5 --- Isolation of rhizospheric metal ion-resistant bacteria --- p.34 / Chapter 3.6 --- Metal ion removal capacity of isolated bacteria --- p.34 / Chapter 3.7 --- Colonization efficiency of a metal ion-adsorbing bacterium onto the root --- p.35 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Suppression of the bacterial population in the rhizosphere by an antibiotic --- p.35 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Colonization efficiency --- p.36 / Chapter 3.8 --- Effect of colonizing the metal ion-adsorbing bacteria on the metal ion removal capacity of roots --- p.37 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Selection of optimum metal ion concentration for water hyacinth and rhizo spheric bacteria --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Metal ion resistance of water hyacinth --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effect of metal ion concentration on population of rhizospheric bacteria --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Selection for optimum metal ion concentration for water hyacinth and rhizospheric bacteria --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Screening for bacterial strain with high metal ion resistance and removal capacity --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Enrichment of the metal ion-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Isolation of the natural bacterial population in rhizosphere --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Determination of the metal ion removal capacity of rhizospheric metal ion-resistant bacterial strains --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- "Comparison of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ removal capacities of Cu2+-resistant bacterial strains" --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of inoculating Cu2+-resistant bacterial strain to the rhizosphere on the metal ion removal capacity of the root --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Bactericidal efficiency of oxytetracycline --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of inoculating Cu2+-adsorbing bacterial cells into the rhizosphere --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of bacterial cell density of inoculum on colonizing efficiency --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Colonizing efficiency and metal ion removal capacity of root by direct inoculation of metal ion-adsorbing bacterial cells into metal ion solution or pre-inoculation in Hoagland solution --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of inoculating Strain FC-2-2 into the rhizosphere on the removal capacity of roots --- p.64 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1 --- Selection of optimum metal ion concentration for water hyacinth and rhizospheric bacteria --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Metal resistance of water hyacinth --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Effect of metal ion concentration on population of rhizospheric bacteria population --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Selection for optimum concentration --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Screening for high metal ion-resistant and -removal bacterial strains --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Enrichment of the metal ion-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Select metal ion-resistant bacterial strain from the natural population in the rhizosphere --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Determination of the metal ion removal capacity of respective metal ion-resistant bacterial strain --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of inoculating Cu2+-resistant bacterial strain in the rhizosphere on the metal ion removal capacity of the root --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Bactericidal efficiency of oxytetracycline --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effect of inoculating Cu2十-adsorbing bacterial cells into the rhizosphere --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effect inoculum cell density on the colonizing efficiency --- p.76 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Comparison of colonizing efficiency and metal ion removal capacity of root by direct inoculation metal ion-adsorbing bacterial cells into metal solution or pre-inoculationin Hoagland solution --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Effect of inoculating strain FC-2-2 into the rhizosphere on the removal capacity of roots --- p.78 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitation and future development --- p.79 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.81 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.83

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-10T13:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Robespierre Augusto Joaquim Araujo Silva.pdf: 876319 bytes, checksum: 0f2c3e9ca22ca2262229c589230deed3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T13:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robespierre Augusto Joaquim Araujo Silva.pdf: 876319 bytes, checksum: 0f2c3e9ca22ca2262229c589230deed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different extenders [Tris buffer (Tris), Tris-egg yolk (EY) and Tris-soybean lecithin 1% (SL1) and 2% (SL2)] and the removal of seminal plasma process in goat sperm stored at 5 ºC for 48 hours. Semen was collected four goats (two Toggenburg and two American Alpine), using an artificial vagina twice a week for four weeks. Ejaculates with greater than 60% motility were pooled and each pool seminal (n = 8) was used in a repeat. The pool was divided equally, half diluted without removal of seminal plasma (non washed semen – NW), and packaged in straws of 0.25 mL (200x106 sperm/mL). The second half of the pool was subjected to removal of the seminal plasma (washed semen - W) by double centrifugation (2200 g/10 min) then diluted and packaged as mentioned above. Then, the samples were chilled to 5 °C (90 min) and kept under refrigeration for 48 hours. Computer analysis of sperm kinetics (CASA) and the evaluation of the plasma membrane (PMi) and acrosomal (ACi) integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined within five minutes after reaching 5 °C (T0), and after 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) hours of storage. No influence extender (p>0.05) was observed for sperm kinetic variables of NW semen, however, independent extender, progressive motility (PM), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), straightline velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP) were lower (p<0.05) in T48 compared to T0, a fact confirmed for total motility (TM) of SL2 group. In washed semen, TM and MP of EY group was higher (p <0.05) than the other groups throughout chilling period. After removal of the seminal plasma did not influence the cooling time (p>0.05) in any of the kinetic variables SL2 group. However, LIN, STR, VSL values for Tris-EY and SL1 groups, and PM and VAP values for Tris-EY group, were lower in T48 compared to T0. It was observed also that in the T48 TM, PM, VSL and VAP variables of LS2 group, and PM variable of Tris-EY group were higher in semen washed when compared to semen non whased. The PMi was not influenced by the type of extender, but in NW semen PMi of Tris-EY and SL2 groups was lower (p <0.05) in T48 compared to T0. Greater (p <0.05) PMi was observed for the washed compared to non washed semen. The ACi and kinetics (curvilinear velocity – VCL) were not affected (p>0.05) by extender, or by storage time or the removal of seminal plasma. Thus, it is concluded that the soybean lecithin can be used as a substitute for egg yolk for cooling of goat semen and which removal of the seminal plasma enhances the preservation of the caprine semen. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes diluidores [Tris tampão (Tris), Tris-Gema (TG) e Tris-lecitina de soja 1% (LS1) e 2% (LS2)] e do processo de remoção do plasma seminal no sêmen caprino armazenado a 5 ºC por 48 horas. O sêmen foi colhido de quatro caprinos (dois Toggenburg e dois Alpino Americano), com vagina artificial, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro semanas. Ejaculados com motilidade superior a 60% foram agrupados e cada pool seminal (n=8) foi utilizado em uma repetição. O pool foi igualmente dividido, sendo metade diluído, sem remoção do plasma seminal (sêmen não lavado – NL), e envasado em palhetas de 0,25 mL (200x106 espermatozoides/mL). A segunda metade do pool foi submetida a remoção do plasma seminal (sêmen lavado – L) por dupla centrifugação (2200 g/10min) e depois diluída e envasada como citado anteriormente. Em seguida, as amostras foram refrigeradas até 5 ºC (90 min) e mantidas sob refrigeração por 48 horas. Análise computadorizada da cinética espermática (CASA) e a avaliação da integridade de membrana plasmática (iMP) e acrossomal (iAC) e do potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM) foram determinadas cinco minutos após atingir 5 ºC (T0), após 24 (T24) e 48 (T48) horas de armazenamento. Nenhuma influência do diluidor (p>0,05) foi observada para as variáveis de cinética espermática do sêmen NL, porém, independente do diluidor, motilidade progressiva (MP), linearidade (LIN), retilinearidade (STR), velocidade em linha reta (VSL) e velocidade média do percurso (VAP) foram menores (p<0,05) no T48 em relação ao T0, fato também observado para motilidade total (MT) do grupo LS2. No sêmen lavado, MT e MP do grupo Gema foi superior (p<0,05) aos demais grupos durante todo período de refrigeração. Após a remoção do plasma seminal não houve influência do tempo de refrigeração (p>0,05) sobre quaisquer das variáveis cinéticas do grupo LS2. Entretanto, os valores de LIN, STR, VSL para os grupos Tris-Gema e LS1, e MP e VAP para o grupo Tris-Gema, foram inferiores no T48 em relação ao T0. Observou-se, ainda, que no T48 as variáveis de MT, MP, VSL e VAP do grupo LS2, e MP do grupo Tris-Gema foram superior no sêmen lavado quando comparado ao sêmen não lavado. A iMP não foi influenciada pelo tipo de diluidor, porém no sêmen NL a iMP dos grupos Tris-Gema e LS2 foi inferior (p<0,05) no T48 em relação ao T0. Maior (p<0,05) iMP foi observada para o sêmen lavado em relação ao não lavado. A iAC e a cinética (velocidade curvilinear-VCL), não foram influenciadas (p>0,05) pelo diluidor, nem pelo tempo de armazenamento ou pela remoção do plasma seminal. Assim, conclui-se que a lecitina de soja pode ser utilizada como substituto à gema de ovo para refrigeração do sêmen caprino e que a remoção do plasma seminal melhora a conservação do sêmen dessa espécie.

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A indústria têxtil está entre uma das principais atividades do Brasil, sendo relevante em número de empregos, quantidade e diversidade de produtos e principalmente pelo volume de água utilizado nos processos industriais e na geração de efluentes. Esses efluentes são misturas complexas que se caracterizam pela presença de corantes, surfactantes, metais, sequestrantes, sais entre outras substâncias químicas com potencial tóxico a biota aquática. Considerando a escassez de tratamentos adequados a esses efluentes, novas tecnologias são essenciais em que se destacam os processos de oxidação avançada como a radiação ionizante por feixe de elétrons. Esse estudo contempla o preparo de um efluente têxtil padrão em laboratório de química têxtil e seu tratamento por feixe de elétrons proveniente de acelerador de elétrons a fim de diminuir a toxicidade e coloração intensa decorrente do corante C.I. Blue 222. O tratamento promoveu diminuição de toxicidade aguda aos organismos expostos, com eficiência de 34,55% para o micro-crustáceo Daphnia similis e de 47,83% para o rotífero Brachionus plicatilis na dose de 2,5 kGy. No ensaio com a bactéria Vibrio fischeri foi obtido o melhor resultado após o tratamento com dose de 5 kGy e eficiência de 57,29%. A redução da cor foi superior a 90% a partir da dose de 2,5 kGy. Neste trabalho também foram realizados ensaios preliminares de toxicidade aguda quanto à sensibilidade dos organismos D. similis e V. fischeri à exposição de alguns dos produtos utilizados no processo de alvejamento e tingimento, além de duas simulações de reuso de água em novos processos têxteis a partir do efluente tratado com feixe de elétrons. / The textile industry is among the main activities Brazil, being relevant in number of jobs, quantity and diversity of products and mainly by the volume of water used in industrial processes and effluent generation. These effluents are complex mixtures which are characterized by the presence of dyes, surfactants, metal sequestering agents, salts and other potentially toxic chemicals for the aquatic biota. Considering the lack of adequate waste management to these treatments, new technologies are essential in highlighting the advanced oxidation processes such as ionizing radiation electron beam. This study includes the preparation of a standard textile effluent chemical laboratory and its treatment by electron beam from electron accelerator in order to reduce the toxicity and intense staining resulting from CI. Blue 222 dye. The treatment caused a reduction in toxicity to exposed organisms with 34.55% efficiency for the Daphnia similis micro-crustacean and 47.83% for Brachionus plicatilis rotifer at a dose of 2.5 kGy. The Vibrio fischeri bacteria obtained better results after treatment with a dose of 5 kGy showing 57.29% efficiency. Color reduction was greater than 90% at a dose of 2.5 kGy. This experiment has also carried out some preliminary tests on the sensitivity of the D. similis and V. fischeri organisms to exposure of some of the products used in this bleaching and dyeing and two water reuse simulations in new textile processing after the treating the effluent with electron beam.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:41:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Elivânia Vasconcelos Moraes dos Santos.pdf: 12370912 bytes, checksum: 6d2546d30ef4aaab7cbd742d981ddf1f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-09T14:13:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Elivânia Vasconcelos Moraes dos Santos.pdf: 12370912 bytes, checksum: 6d2546d30ef4aaab7cbd742d981ddf1f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T14:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Elivânia Vasconcelos Moraes dos Santos.pdf: 12370912 bytes, checksum: 6d2546d30ef4aaab7cbd742d981ddf1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / In recent years there has been an intensified studies on the biological removal of phosphorus from wastewater and as a result, a breakthrough in the understanding of the microbial groups involved in this process. This was possible due to the availability of different laboratory techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms that often is associated with molecular biology. As part of sanitary engineering, new approaches can be inserted to enable the determination of operating parameters that support rational projects, such respirometry combined with mathematical modeling of microbial metabolisms. Furthermore, the possibility of identifying the predominance of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) by means of techniques available and low cost is attractive in countries such as Brazil. For this reason, nine activated sludge systems were operated with different strategies to stimulate not only the predominance of PAO, in four of these systems as well as in other settings, the prevalence of other bacterial groups as glycogen storage batteries (GAO), heterotrophic ordinary (OHO) and mixed populations. Five tools based on physico-chemical and respirometric tests were used to assess the prevalence of different populations from stoichiometric ratios and kinetic data. The PAO predominance strategy that got the most attention in average temperature of 25°C, which consisted of a system that promoted denitrification via nitrite using exclusively propionate as organic carbon source. From the data obtained was built an array of predominance of PAO, also using mixed sludge, OHO and GAO comparatively. The results obtained in this study can be applied in rational models and optimized projects and support other biotechnological applications. / Nos últimos anos, tem havido uma intensificação de estudos sobre a remoção biológica de fósforo de águas residuárias e, como consequência, um avanço no conhecimento dos grupos microbianos envolvidos neste processo. Isso foi possível devido à disponibilidade de diferentes técnicas laboratoriais para a identificação e quantificação desses organismos que frequentemente encontra-se associada à biologia molecular. No âmbito da engenharia sanitária, novas abordagens podem ser inseridas para viabilizar a determinação de parâmetros operacionais que subsidiem projetos racionais, a exemplo da respirometria aliada à modelagem matemática de metabolismos microbianos. Além disso, a possibilidade de identificar a predominância de organismos acumuladores de fósforo (PAO) por meio de técnicas acessíveis e de baixo custo é atrativa para países como o Brasil. Por esse motivo, nove sistemas de lodo ativado foram operados com diferentes estratégias para estimular não só o predomínio de PAO, em quatro destes sistemas, bem como, nas demais configurações, a predominância de outros grupos bacterianos como acumuladores de glicogênio (GAO), heterotróficos ordinários (OHO) e populações mistas. Foram utilizadas cinco ferramentas com base em análises físico-químicas e testes respirométricos, para avaliar a predominância de populações diferentes a partir de relações estequiométricas e dados cinéticos. A estratégia de predominância de PAO que obteve maior destaque, em temperatura média de 25°C, foi a que consistia em um sistema que promovia desnitrificação via nitrito utilizando exclusivamente propionato como fonte de carbono orgânico. A partir dos dados obtidos foi construída uma matriz de predominância de PAO, utilizando também lodos mistos, OHO e GAO de forma comparativa. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho poderão ser aplicados em modelos racionais e projetos otimizados e fundamentar outras aplicações biotecnológicas.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-16T15:47:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Samir Noronha de Souza.pdf: 1429754 bytes, checksum: 835f9975774739f2f3c90832d7100d72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-16T18:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Samir Noronha de Souza.pdf: 1429754 bytes, checksum: 835f9975774739f2f3c90832d7100d72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-16T18:27:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Samir Noronha de Souza.pdf: 1429754 bytes, checksum: 835f9975774739f2f3c90832d7100d72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T18:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação -Samir Noronha de Souza.pdf: 1429754 bytes, checksum: 835f9975774739f2f3c90832d7100d72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this paper is to evaluate in vitro a new protocol for intra-radicular posts removal for multi-radicular teeth by applying ultrasonic vibration. Forty lower molars were endodontically treated in order to receive cast posts and cores, being distributed in 4 groups: GI – control without slot; GII – control with slot; GIII – ultrasound application in core without slot; GIV – ultrasound application in core with slot. After the cast posts fixation using zinc phosphate cement, the ultrasonic vibration was applied in group III for 1 minute, dividing 15 seconds on each surface and in group IV 15 seconds on facial and lingual surface, and 30 seconds inside the slot totaling 1 minute. Thereafter, samples were subjected to tensile test in Universal Assay Machine at the speed of 1mm/min. The maximum tensile strength needed for intra-radicular posts removal was registered in Newton and its data were subjected to statistical analysis ANOVA e Tukey-Kramer. The results presented statistically significant differences between the tested groups (GI – 234,34 N; GII – 201,67 N; GIII – 139,57 N; GIV – 83,23 N), with the smallest average of the tensile strength obtained when ultrasonic vibration on the core slotted applied (p<0,05). It is concluded that the implemantation of a slot in the core and ultrasonic application on all the surfaces and inside the slot caused a reduction of force required for removing cast posts and cores fixed with zinc phosphate in multi-radicular teeth. / Este trabalho visa avaliar in vitro um novo protocolo para remoção de retentores intrarradiculares em dentes multirradiculares aplicando a vibração ultrassônica. Quarenta molares inferiores foram tratados endodonticamente para receber retentores intrarradiculares fundidos, sendo distribuídos em 4 grupos: GI – controle sem fenda; GII – controle com fenda; GIII – aplicação ultrassom em núcleo sem fenda; GIV – aplicação de ultrassom em núcleo com fenda. Após a fixação dos retentores com cimento de fosfato de zinco, a vibração ultrassônica foi realizada no grupo III durante 1 minuto, sendo 15 segundos em cada face e no grupo IV 15 segundos nas faces vestibular e lingual, e 30 segundos dentro da fenda, totalizando 1 minuto. Em seguida, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao teste de tração na Máquina Universal de Ensaio com velocidade de 1 mm/min. A força de tração máxima necessária para a remoção do retentor intrarradicular foi registrada em Newton e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA e Tukey-Kramer. Os resultados mostraram haver diferença estatística significante entre os grupos testados (GI – 234,34 N; GII – 201,67 N; GIII – 139,57 N; GIV – 83,23 N), sendo a menor média da força de tração obtida quando se aplicou vibração ultrassônica sobre o núcleo com fenda (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a realização de uma fenda no núcleo e a aplicação ultrassônica em todas as faces e dentro da fenda promoveu a redução da força necessária para a remoção de retentores intrarradiculares metálicos fixados com fosfato de zinco em dentes multirradiculares.