Pendant longtemps, malgré les enjeux, ni l'Assemblée Nationale ni le Sénat ne réglementaient l'exercice de la représentation d'intérêts en leur sein. Cette absence de réglementation ne signifiait pas pour autant que le lobbying s’exerçait en dehors de tout cadre juridique. L'article 27 de la Constitution dispose que « tout mandat impératif est nul » tandis que le nouveau Code pénal sanctionne les atteintes à la probité. Parallèlement, des sociétés de relations publiques en quête d'une meilleure image ont décidé de rédiger leurs propres chartes déontologiques. Depuis, la situation a évolué. Désormais, l'Assemblée Nationale et le Sénat réglementent les activités de lobbying. Si ces réglementations ont le mérite d'exister, elles demeurent toutefois insuffisantes. En effet, les dispositifs en vigueur n'ont pas permis d'atteindre les objectifs escomptés. Dès lors, une évolution et une harmonisation de la réglementation semblent indispensables. L’objet de ma thèse serait l’élaboration d’un dispositif commun et d’un nouveau registre qui aurait un caractère obligatoire et présenterait une typologie plus détaillée des représentants d'intérêts aux deux chambres du Parlement, aux collectivités territoriales, aux administrations publiques, et aux ministères, où les possibilités d'influence demeurent importantes. / For a long time, despite the stakes, neither the National Assembly nor the Senate regulated the exercise of the representation of interests within them. This lack of regulation did not mean that lobbying was conducted outside of any legal framework. Article 27 of the Constitution provides that "any imperative mandate is void" while the new Penal Code sanctions breaches of probity. At the same time, public relations companies in search of a better image have decided to draft their own ethical charters. Since then, the situation has changed. From now on, the National Assembly and the Senate regulate the activities of lobbying. While these regulations have the merit of existing, they remain insufficient. Indeed, the mechanisms in force have not made it possible to achieve the expected objectives. Therefore, an evolution and a harmonization of the regulations seem essential. The subject of my thesis would be the elaboration of a common system and a new register which would be compulsory and would present a more detailed typology of the representatives of interests to the two chambers of Parliament, local authorities, public administrations and to departments where opportunities for influence remain important.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do processo coletivo no modelo representativo de interesses. Busca-se, inicialmente, além de trazer algumas considerações históricas sobre o direito de conduzir o processo coletivo, estabelecer as distinções que podem e devem ser feitas entre a representação judicial de pessoas, típica das relações interindividuais, e a representação judicial de interesses, aplicável no campo do processo coletivo. A partir desta premissa, será demonstrado que as discussões nefrálgicas incidentes sobre os institutos da legitimidade e da representatividade adequada decorrem da imprópria adoção do modelo representativo de pessoas, no campo do processo coletivo. Ao final, conclui-se que o processo coletivo só terá a utilidade, a efetividade e o alcance estabelecidos pela Carta Constitucional, até mesmo para a denominada ação coletiva passiva, quando perdermos o fascínio pelo individualismo e enfrentarmos o processo coletivo como sendo verdadeiramente um processo de massa e de representação de interesses. / The present study aims to analyze the class action in the interest representation model. Initially, besides bringing up some historical considerations about the right to file a class action lawsuit, it seeks to make a distinction, which can and must be made, between the judicial representation of people - typical of interindividual relations - and the judicial representation of interests, applicable to the class action field. Based on this premise, it will be demonstrated that the discussions which hit a raw nerve and fall upon the legitimacy institutes and the adequate representation result from the improper adoption of the people representation model in the field of the class action. Finally, it is concluded that the class action will only be useful and far-reaching, as established by the Constitution - including the passive class action - when we lose the allure of individualism and view the class action as a real mass action and as the representation of interests.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do processo coletivo no modelo representativo de interesses. Busca-se, inicialmente, além de trazer algumas considerações históricas sobre o direito de conduzir o processo coletivo, estabelecer as distinções que podem e devem ser feitas entre a representação judicial de pessoas, típica das relações interindividuais, e a representação judicial de interesses, aplicável no campo do processo coletivo. A partir desta premissa, será demonstrado que as discussões nefrálgicas incidentes sobre os institutos da legitimidade e da representatividade adequada decorrem da imprópria adoção do modelo representativo de pessoas, no campo do processo coletivo. Ao final, conclui-se que o processo coletivo só terá a utilidade, a efetividade e o alcance estabelecidos pela Carta Constitucional, até mesmo para a denominada ação coletiva passiva, quando perdermos o fascínio pelo individualismo e enfrentarmos o processo coletivo como sendo verdadeiramente um processo de massa e de representação de interesses. / The present study aims to analyze the class action in the interest representation model. Initially, besides bringing up some historical considerations about the right to file a class action lawsuit, it seeks to make a distinction, which can and must be made, between the judicial representation of people - typical of interindividual relations - and the judicial representation of interests, applicable to the class action field. Based on this premise, it will be demonstrated that the discussions which hit a raw nerve and fall upon the legitimacy institutes and the adequate representation result from the improper adoption of the people representation model in the field of the class action. Finally, it is concluded that the class action will only be useful and far-reaching, as established by the Constitution - including the passive class action - when we lose the allure of individualism and view the class action as a real mass action and as the representation of interests.