Thesis (Ph. D.)--Claremont Graduate School, 1991. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-239).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-96).

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [214]-222) Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Philosophy)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2007. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 12, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-143).

Orientador: Luciana Ferreira Tatagiba / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T21:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_NataliaAurelio_M.pdf: 860816 bytes, checksum: e089ac32dc2d8ed6a8980ed513570845 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho procurou discutir a participação da Sociedade Civil a partir da perspectiva da representação da categoria usuários dentro dos Conselhos Gestores de Saúde. Com esse intuito, foi feito um estudo de caso no Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Campinas (CMS/CPS) que visou à identificação das mudanças na legislação específica que define quem pode representar os usuários nos conselhos. Também foram realizadas entrevistas que procuraram avaliar qual a percepção dos representantes de usuários em relação ao CMS/CPS e como eles vêem sua própria representação. Discutiu-se a legitimidade da representação por coletividades - as organizações ou entidades civis, os movimentos sociais, entre outros. Concluiu-se que essa não deve ser condenada tendo como referencial os mesmos critérios de uma representação tradicional. A pesquisa apontou que os representantes de usuários normalmente não discutem previamente com suas bases, nem repassam todas as decisões tomadas pelo Pleno para suas bases. Eles também sofrem grande influência político-partidária, evitam fazer articulações e encontram diversos obstáculos para a participação, tais como a dificuldade para chegar ao local das reuniões, a falta de capacitação técnica para acompanhar os debates e a sobrecarga de trabalho imposta a alguns conselheiros. / Abstract: This paper discussed the participation of the Civil Society from the view of users' representation in health managing councils. For this goal, a case study was done at the Municipal Health Council of Campinas (CMS/CPS) to try to identify the changes in the specific legislation that defines who can represent the users in these councils. Interviews were also performed to evaluate the perception of the users' representatives concerning the CMS/CPS and how they view their own representation. The collective (civil organizations and institutions, social movements, etc) representation's legitimacy was discussed and it was concluded that this legitimacy should not be judged based on the same criteria of a traditional representation. The research showed that the users' representatives usually don't talk with their bases neither beforehand nor after the decisions are made. They are also under great influence from political parties, avoid articulating and face several obstacles to participation such as the difficulty to reach the meetings' venues, lack of technical skills to follow debates and the excessive workload imposed on some council members. / Mestrado / Trabalho, Movimentos Sociais, Cultura e Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

D.Litt. et Phil. / Shûrâ (consultation) as prescribed conduct is found in the Qur'ân (3:159, 42:36-38, 2:33). The Sunnah also refers to several occasions where the Prophet (S.A.W.) sought the advice of his companions. In his own life the principle was thus put to practice. The same custom was also, in varying degrees, part of Islâmic governance during the period of the rightly guided caliphs and in the subsequent Umayyad and Abbasid eras. Seen from a political perspective, the question researched in the thesis is what guidelines tradition provides for conducting shûrâ in its institutionalised or political form, namely majlis (gathering). A scrutiny of history showed that in the Prophetic epoch the consultative setting varied considerably and the advice of both the minority and the majority was accepted. A kernel group can, however, be discerned with whom the Prophet consulted regularly. Members of this majlis also played a role in the election of three of the rightly guided caliphs. However, in their time, due to the considerable expansion of the Islâmic Empire, several structures came into being, which competed with the existing majlis. In the subsequent Umayyad and Abbasid era, bureaucratic organisations seemingly completely overshadowed the consultative assembly. Due to the hereditary succession, the majlis, for example, played very little, if any, role in the appointment of the caliphs. Endeavours to rule according to the Sharî`ah was however a constant factor at all times. Deriving principles from history is difficult, particularly the modern world where Western political institutions and procedures have become established even in Muslim states. The question is whether the Western heritage should be accepted or Islamised. An obvious choice is the last-mentioned one. For the purpose of the thesis majlis is thus related to Parliament and ijmâ` to majority rule. The role of President and Prime Minister is correlated with that of the traditional Amîr. For all the procedures, institutions and functions, however, an attempt is made towards an Islâmic adaptation. For this purpose a study is first of all made of Saudi Arabia (Sunnite) and Iran (Shi`ite). Both have, as one of their governing institutions, a Majlis al-Shûrâ. In Saudi Arabia it is appointed by the king, in Iran it is elected by popular vote but remains under constant scrutiny of the Guardian Council. Although both the said systems of government are exemplary in many aspects, an alternative version is suggested in the thesis in order to overcome some shortcomings in the two systems. In describing the alternative system, attention is paid to questions such as the relationship of the people, the majlis and the amîr (leader). It is argued that the majlis should be chosen through general elections and that they, in turn, should elect the amîr. The principle of majority rule is thus accepted, but with a strong accent upon the requirement of moral and religious values and striving towards consensus in decisions. Arbitration is suggested in the case of disagreement between the amîr and the people, or a referendum in which case the people are directly consulted. A separate majlis for men and women respectively is suggested (without denying alternatives). The study, however, accepts the fluidity of any idealised majlis or proposed governmental structure. Principles precede and supersede practice. What remains are the challenges toward Islâmic governance, to work towards furthering of Dîn (religion) and the benefit of the people through insistence upon adherence to the Sharî`ah. At the same time it should be remembered that governance is a combined effort where the amîr has the right to a final decision, but also the obligation to rule through consultation. The thesis of this study is therefore that: - Modern democratic institutions are, with the necessary Islamic orientations, legitimate expressions of shûrâ in its institutionalised form, - The parliamentary systems in modern Islâmic states may be regarded as heirs of the majlis in early Islâmic history The above contentions do not mean that political dimension of shûrâ supersedes all others. It is only one of the forms in which shûrâ is put into practice. It does not agree with the view that the principle of shûrâ was revitalised in modern times to provide an Islâmic orientation for majority or parliamentary rule. Neither does it accept the contention that shûrâ (formally Majlis al-Shûrâ) was adhered to only in the initial period and naîâh later.

Efforts to clarify aboriginal rights in Canada have centered around the demand by aboriginal people for a constitutionally entrenched right to self-government but the substance and character of that form of government are not defined. Comparative political studies have sought to identify possible features of self-government from other political systems. This study observes that in several European countries there are regions with high degrees of local autonomy then compares them to existing Canadian developments, endeavoring to see what might be learned. From Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and from the British Isles, the Isle of Man and Guernsey, are compared with the James Bay Cree (Quebec) and the Sechelt Band (British Columbia) self-governments and the proposed Territory of Nunavut in Canada. Material was gathered from the literature, from telephone interviews with administrators in the three European jurisdictions, and from personal interviews in Canada. The nascent Canadian experience with self-government includes many of the features of self-government in the European cases and leads to some optimism. Important issues in Canada such as the multitude of cases and the paucity of resources in some aboriginal communities require further study. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Most African states emerged from shadows and made a transition from mono-party, one-person and military rule towards political pluralism and multi-party democratic governance in 1990s. One of the key ingredients of this transformation is the holding of regular elections and electoral systems that undergird the electoral process itself. However still, most African states practice what is referred to as shallow democracy as opposed to deeper democracy that requires full participation of citizens and accountability. Shallow democracy is the democracy that has not made any positive impacts to the ordinary people despite the radical changes to the constitution and expansion of part activity. / Prepared under the supervision of Mr Paulo Comoane at the Faculty of Law, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

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