In response to the intense business competition, rapid changes in the response to be non-stop demand for and use information systems to support business operations. Information systems development life cycle, requirements analysis phase is the most difficult to plan with the audit steps, so the effective demand analysis software project outputs will be the key to success. This study for the business information systems requirements analysis and validation process improvement studies to the case company information systems requirements analysis approach for analysis. To explore the requirements process often face the problem of the current situation and to cause analysis, and choose to CMMI Requirements Development and Requirements Management flow field as a guide, the recommended reference to CMMI specific goals and specific implementation method is proposed for the case company information system requirements process improvement recommendations aimed at improving the information system needs of the case company to work quality and output of current problems, and to provide general enterprise information system requirements into CMMI process improvement reference. For enterprises want to import the CMMI, but also needs to provide their requirements management process development and implementation of the field of reference.

The e-science vision is to create infrastructures to enable faster, better and more collaborative science to be carried out in the 21st Century. The goal is for these infrastructures to allow scientists to collaborate routinely, scaling geographical and disciplinary boundaries; to create ad hoc arrangements datasets, equipment or computational power to solve larger, more complex scientific problems; to federate remote datasets, hence, aiding scientists in data discovery and even data re-use. The work to turn the e-science vision into reality has been the subject of major research programmes in the UK (UK E-Science Programme) and the US (National Science Foundation’s Cyberinfrastructures Programme). Inevitably, e-science technologies and scientific practices will co-evolve as collaborative work becomes more prevalent, and cross-disciplinary work becomes routinised. Thus, the design and development of e-science technologies will play a critical part in the above process; there is a clear need to develop technologies which will accurately reflect end-users’ needs as well as account for the wider social structures of future scientific work. In e-science, there has been an on-going debate about whether new requirements techniques are needed to deal with the ‘unique’ characteristics of e-science projects, and the ambitious aims of e-science software. Some argue that e-science presents sufficiently novel combinations of challenges that new techniques are needed, whilst others argue that e-science practitioners should ‘borrow’ from pre-existing requirements engineering techniques. However, one barrier in settling this question (insomuch as it can be ‘settled’) is that there is currently a lack of empirical data on the requirements work and activities carried out in existing e-science projects. Studying requirements activities in e-science projects by examining the actual problems encountered would yield insights regarding the challenges in working out requirements for e-science technologies, and more generally, better inform the structure of requirements work in future projects. The research in this thesis examines the requirements activities of three UK e-science projects drawn from the astronomy, molecular simulation and translational science disciplines. Detailing the experience of project team members, the research explores issues and challenges encountered over the course of working out requirements for escience technologies. In particular, this research takes a slightly different approach from similar studies, with the unit of analysis being at the project level, reflecting shifts in emphasis on requirements work as projects evolve. Three aspects of requirements work in e-science projects are explored closely. Firstly, the temporal patterns in development work and how requirements activities fitted into such rhythms, phases and trajectories; secondly, the challenges of making a prototyping approach work; thirdly, the challenges of stabilising the ‘missing middle’ – a term to describe the gap between the high-level visionary description of the system from the project proposal, into fine-grained, detailed requirements. Then all three themes are drawn together, in order to make more general observations regarding the challenges of working out requirements for e-science technologies, as well as some observations regarding the shape of requirements work over the course of an e-science project. The thesis concludes that working out requirements for e-science technologies is challenging due to the complexities of supporting multi-disciplinary and multi-organisational work and the novelty of the technology to be developed. Team members have to grapple with multiple domains of knowledge, where there is little pre-existing expertise on how these aspects could be combined. Evidence from the data suggests that multiple strategies are employed to manage this complexity; where the selection of techniques is done on a contingent basis. Thus, one of the major implications of this thesis is to suggest more systematic and explicit capture of ‘lessons learnt’ from developers of previous e-science technologies.

No description available.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Over 100 years after the Flexner Report first revolutionized medical education, medical schools across the United States are rethinking the role of scholarly research in their curricula. Scholarly research helps fulfill a number of essential elements of the medical school curriculum. The Scholarly Project (SP) engenders self‐directed independent learning, critical thinking skills, writing skills, life‐long learning, and many other objectives. The SP also allows students to assess evidence and the credibility of sources. According to a 2010 study, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Curriculum Directory listed 84 medical schools with required research and 9 schools with a required thesis. This research requirement can take on many forms, some of which have been outlined for specific medical schools. Since then, more schools have embraced SP’s in their curricula, and the SP requirements and objectives have evolved dramatically at many U.S. medical schools. This project aims to (1) identify which U.S. allopathic medical schools have required and elective SP’s, (2) determine the components of these SP’s with respect to the duration and placement within the four‐year curriculum, the types of projects that qualify as SPs, the capstone requirement for the finished SP product, the curricular elements, and the objectives of the SP, and (3) determine how many schools have a required, four‐year longitudinal, hypothesis‐driven SP that culminate in a manuscript or thesis. The 136 allopathic medical schools on the AAMC Application Service website as of September 4, 2014 were included in this research. The individual website of each school was queried to attempt to determine the presence and characteristics of a formal SP within the curriculum. Each school was then contacted with the information that was found from the initial query in order to verify and/or elaborate on the preliminary results. Each SP was analyzed to determine (1) whether it was required or optional, (2) its duration and placement within the 4‐year curriculum, (3) the capstone requirement, (4) whether the research was required to be hypothesis‐driven, (5) the topic areas available for students, (6) whether there was formal curriculum in scholarly pursuit within the general medical curriculum, and (7) what the program objectives were. A total of 136 medical schools were surveyed in this study. Our analysis revealed that 78 of these schools include some structured SP in their curricula. Of these, 48 SPs are required, and 30 are optional. The majority of these SPs (36) require less than 1 year for completion. A total of 48 of the 78 medical schools had a manuscript or thesis requirement for the final capstone. Of the 48 schools with a required SP, 25 required the research to be hypothesis driven. A total of 43 of the 78 schools included required scholarship/research curricula as part of the overall medical education curriculum. The objectives of the programs are described in detail in this study. This study identified four medical schools with a required, 4‐year longitudinal, hypothesis‐driven SP that culminates with production of a manuscript or thesis. The four allopathic medical schools with a required, 4‐year longitudinal, hypothesisdriven SP that culminates in a manuscript/thesis are as follows: the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, the University of Arizona College of Medicine‐ Phoenix, the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, and Yale University. The details of each program are explored in the text.

My interest is in applying a domain model to help elicit personal requirements for the problem of community travel for people with cognitive impairments. The domain model I took advantage of is the ACT model, which is embedded in the tool I designed for defining required prompts for travel. I set up a study to look at the use of the domain model to help travel-planners generate personalized prompts for a traveler. My goal is to better understand the mechanisms of running a human-performance study and to get a first look at how the domain model can be understood by travel-planners. The study shows that most participants prefer the ACT-based tool to free-thinking and writing down prompts. I found out that the tool helps participants define more organized and concise prompts, but not necessarily a higher number of prompts, compared to the free-think approach. The tool captures prompts for some steps that are neglected while free-thinking. However, some steps of the ACT model need to be disambiguated or presented more effectively in the tool.

The major focus of the author in this thesis is on the adoption of cross-straits notarized documents and possible problems thereon. During this research, the development of modern international notarial system and its practice on cross-border notarized documents will be surveyed for comparative analysis. As known by all legal professional, the core functions of modern notarial system are quite sophisticated, which include protection of evidence, prevention of disputation, and reduction of litigation, etc. A notary public has to certify documents under his duty, as called ¡§notarized documents¡¨, according to certain legal conditions. Such as hearing the opinion of statement, and seeing of condition. Things will get more complicated if the application of such documents is outside the domestic jurisdiction. Since the cross-straits civil affairs has dramatic increased by Taiwan-China prosper economy and active social activities, it is unavoidable that a lot of disputations of law should be made. Particularly, such as the validity of marriage, inheritance of estate, adoptability, donation, and purchase of real estate are the current major issues for notary public. Five major topics are discussed as following: - The theory and practice of the adoption of international notarial documents - International notary and the adoption of electronic documents on commercial matters - The law and practices of cross-straits notarized document adoption - The possible legal solutions and cooperation for the cross-straits notarial affairs - The increasing volume and varieties of cross-straits notarized documents after the joining of WTO membership

In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in modelling non-functional requirements (NFR) or Quality Requirements (QR). However, in comparison with functional requirements (FR) modelling, QR models are still immature and have not been widely adopted. The fundamental reason for this shortfall outlined in this thesis is that the existing QR modelling approaches have not adequately considered the challenging nature of QRs. In this thesis, this limitation is addressed through integrating QR modelling with FR modelling in a multi-perspective modelling framework. This framework, thus called QRMF (Quality Requirements Modelling Framework), is developed offering a process-oriented approach to modelling QR from different views and at different phases of requirement. These models are brought together in a descriptive representation schema, which represents a logical structure to guide the construction of requirement models comprehensively and with consistency. The research presented in the thesis introduces a generic meta-meta model for QRMF to aid understanding the abstract concepts and further guide the modelling process; it offers a reference blueprint to develop a modelling tool applicable to the framework. QRMF is supported by a modelling process, which guides requirement engineers to capture a set of complete, traceable and comprehensible QR models for software system. The thesis presents a case study, which evaluates the practicality and applicability of the QRMF. Finally, the framework is evaluated theoretically, through comparing and contrasting related approaches found in the literature.

Bakgrund: Den 1 juli år 2010 avskaffades revisionsplikten för små aktiebolag i Sverige. Diskussionerna före avskaffandet var många och det spekulerades om vilka följder detta skulle få för de små revisionsbyråerna. Efter avskaffandet finns det ingen undersökning som fastställer hur det verkligen blev, blev det som spekulanterna trodde? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda de faktiska konsekvenser som avskaffandet av revisionsplikten medfört för de små revisionsbyråerna utifrån den diskussion som föregick lagändringen. Studien ämnar kartlägga utfallet av en del av de spekulationerna som fördes fram då. Metod: För att undersöka utfallet av spekulationerna före lagändringen har en kvantitativ studie genomförts där små revisionsbyråer i hela Sverige studeras. Slutsats: Studien kommer fram till att de spekulationer som undersöktes i stor utsträckning inte infriades. De små revisionsbyråerna har inte påverkats på det sätt som de undersökta spekulationerna antydde och lagändringen har inte medfört så betydande effekter som befarades. / Background: The 1st of July 2010 the audit requirement for small business entities in Sweden was annulled. The discussions prior the annulment where many and there was speculations regarding what consequences this would have on the small audit firms. There are no studies post-annulment that establish the outcome from the amendment, did it turn out as speculated? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the actual consequences of the annulment of the audit requirement for small audit firms on basis of the discussion that preceded the amendment. The study aims to identify the outcome of some of the speculations put forward then. Method: A quantitative study has taken place to examine the outcome for small audit firms in Sweden based on the speculations prior the amendment. Conclusion: The study concludes that the speculations that where investigated largely where not fulfilled. The small audit firms have not been affected in the way that the investigated speculations suggested and the amendment have not lead to as significant effects as where feared.

No description available.

Ever since the early 90¡¦s the global software market has been growing at a rapid speed. Along with the development of Internet and electronic commerce, the demands for software have been increased dramatically and Taiwanese software firms are encountered serious global competition too. To stay competitive, the Taiwan software industry has to improve the quality of its software products in order to compete in the international IT arena. The present best option is for the Taiwanese software firms to achieve the Software Engineering Institute¡¦s Capability Maturity Model certification. This study compares the major differences on the requirement management process between CMMI level II and level III. The differences include key process¡¦s purpose, activity, and artifact. Two real-word cases were used to illustrate the example and concept. These results provide a practical bases and better understanding for the Taiwanese software firms when they implement CMMI level II or III.