Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1996. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-154).

The purpose of this thesis is to draw a first general portrait on the firm level R&D activity in Greece. First the evolution of the distributions of firms undertaking R&D activities in Greece is examined, in respect to their age, size and industry. Afterwards the firms, separated in terms of their persistence in reporting R&D, are investigated for their size and industry distributions. Finally we examine the R&D intensities of the firms according to their relation to the firm size and their regularities indicated by the literature for the manufacturing sector. The data for these examinations come from a firm level panel data, which we constructed with data taken from HELASTAT for all sectors of economic activity and for the period 2001-2008. / --

Researchers tend to disagree on the direction of the relation among R&D and economic growth, suggesting that if economic performance determines R&D investments countries might overinvest in their R&D expenditure. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to shed new light to this question by first establishing a relation among the variables and thereafter investigate the Granger causality between them. This paper is based on a panel study consisting of 60 countries, with various levels of income during the period 1996-2015. Using a fixed effects model, we can establish a positive relation between growth in R&D expenditure and GDP growth and using Granger causality tests and the Toda-Yamamoto augmented Granger causality tests, we can conclude that the growth of R&D expenditure determines economic performance in the short-run for countries in all income levels, however no conclusions can be made regarding the direction of Granger causality in the long-run. Hence, our results show that R&D investments stimulate economic growth and should, to some extent, be favoured by policy regardless of a nation's level of development.

A inovação é um dos motores do aumento da produtividade e do desenvolvimento econômico de um país, aumentando a renda per capita e a qualidade de vida da população. A questão é que o êxito do sistema nacional de inovação envolve as políticas industriais adotadas pelo país e a qualidade dos instrumentos de apoio à inovação. Este trabalho espera trazer informações sobre essa discussão. A proposta é apresentar a revisão da literatura sobre o tema, evolução da história recente do Brasil sobre o assunto, análise dos impactos dos instrumentos disponíveis, apresentar alguns exemplos de outros países, bem como análise crítica do modelo atual e quais caminhos poderiam ser adotados em nosso país. / Innovation is one of the drivers of increasing a country's productivity and economic development, increasing per capita income and the quality of life of the population. The point is that the success of the national innovation system involves the industrial policies adopted by the country and the quality of the instruments to support innovation. This paper hopes to bring information about this discussion. The proposal is to present a review of the literature and evolution of Brazil's recent history on the subject, analysis of the impacts of the available instruments, demonstrate some examples from other countries, as well as critical analysis of the current model and what improvements could be adopted in our country.

Using panel data analysis, this paper considers the impact of governance provisions on firm’sR&D investment decisions. The current paper also contributes to the literature on corporategovernance and innovation by introducing an interaction dimension which captures theinfluence that internationalization of U.S. firms may have on R&D investment decisions. Basedon a sample of 627 U.S. firms for the years 2008-2016 this paper’s results suggest thatgovernance provisions do not nurture or impede R&D investments, and therefore the resultscasts doubt on the existence of a relationship between governance provisions and R&Dintensity. The current paper’s findings also suggest that proposed effects of internationalizationdo not modify the relationship between entrenchment and R&D for U.S. firms.

Cross-collaborations and interdisciplinarity have become buzzwords in academia as it has been identified and argued, that going beyond traditional academic boundaries is essential for providing solutions to complex, societal problems. Currently, most of the scholarly literature on collaboration focusses on sub-issues, such as arguments for and against the crossing of fields and disciplines, while there is a lack of practical case studies exemplifying its effect. The objective of this research was therefore to explore the arguments underlying initiatives to start an introductory collaborative program for young academics, identify these programs’ roles in the researchers' collaboration capacity, and thus, to gain understanding of how collaborative programs can contribute in the process of equipping young researchers with valuable tools to tackle today's and tomorrow's complex challenges linked to United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals. The research for this thesis was done in two steps: (1) to search for a conceptual framework on the topic of research collaboration, and (2) presenting a single-case study of one example of a collaborative research enhancing program by conducting qualitative interviews with key respondents. This thesis explicitly includes an assessment of current theories on the development of collaborative and interdisciplinary research teams and the relevance of these for enhancing scientific capacity of innovation, effectiveness and progress. It concludes that collaborative research is an ambiguous and fluid concept. Although concepts and theories around this phenomenon have been proposed, there is no coherent consensus on the concept in the scholarly literature. Furthermore, the case study presented in this thesis offers a unique insight into young researchers’ experiences of participating a collaborative research program. It is recognized that there is a consensus among the persons interviewed that participating in a collaborative research program has greatly contributed to the individual researcher’s professional development. It is further recognized that the lack of standardized indicators for collaborative outputs implicates on the possibility to argue for the proposed benefits of collaborative research in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Desde a sua criação no Brasil, em 1809, a partir do Colégio Real de Fábricas no Rio de Janeiro, o ensino técnico do país veio passando ao longo dos anos por mudanças sensíveis e profundas em seu conceito. Se, naquela época, o ensino técnico profissionalizante era voltado a habilitar os desvalidos e marginalizados, hoje, para atender às mudanças do mercado de trabalho, precisa formar técnicos capazes de acompanhar as tecnologias que se renovam a cada dia. O mercado de hoje valoriza técnicos polivalentes, resilientes, com alta capacidade para resolução de problemas, tomada de decisão e trabalho em equipe. Aliado a isso, a necessidade constante de renovação nas empresas faz com que estas busquem, através da pesquisa, a criação de novos produtos, aprimoramentos dos já existentes e melhoramento dos processos, para conseguirem se manter em evidência em um mundo cada vez mais competitivo. Em virtude disto, o profissional com formação em pesquisa se destaca em meio aos demais nas empresas. Pensando nisso, elaborou-se este estudo que teve como objetivos investigar a importância da abordagem do ensino através da pesquisa na aprendizagem do aluno de escola técnica e a contribuição desta formação em pesquisa ao profissional da indústria química. O estudo envolveu empresas e instituições do segmento químico do Vale dos Sinos e da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Um dos objetivos específicos do trabalho foi avaliar em que medida as necessidades apontadas por elas quanto à formação técnico-científica para profissionais técnicos de nível médio atuantes no campo da química estão sendo atendidas pelas competências curriculares ministradas nas disciplinas do curso técnico. Para isso, avaliou-se o plano do curso técnico em química de uma escola técnica no município de Novo Hamburgo e foram elaborados questionários, posteriormente aplicados a Egressos e Gestores que atuam em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e a Discentes deste curso. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que há associação significativa entre os pensamentos de Gestores e Egressos no que diz respeito às habilidades necessárias à atuação do Técnico em Química nos setores de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Foram especialmente apontadas as habilidades de “trabalhar em grupo”, “pró-atividade”, “análise e interpretação de dados” e “resolução de problemas”. Da mesma forma, os achados para Egressos e Discentes se alinham significativamente quando o assunto é o aprimoramento na formação em pesquisa, destacando-se “análise e interpretação de dados”, “pró-atividade”, “formação em metodologia da pesquisa e estatística” e “resolução de problemas e trabalho em grupo”. Fica evidente, a partir destes resultados, o quanto, para Gestores, Egressos e Discentes, a formação em pesquisa é preponderante para desenvolver as habilidades expostas por este estudo. / Since its origin in Brazil, in 1809, starting with Colégio Real de Fábricas in Rio de Janeiro, the vocational education underwent, throughout the years, sensitive and profound changes in its concept. If, at that time, the vocational education aimed to enable the underprivileged and marginalized, today, to attend to the changes of the labor market, it must educate technicians who are able to accompany the technologies that are changing day by day. Today's labor market values versatile and resilient technicians, with high capacity for problem solving, decision making, and team working. Furthermore, the constant need for renewal in businesses makes them seek, through research, the creation of new products, the enhancement of existing ones, and the improvement of processes to be able to keep themselves in evidence in an increasingly competitive world. Because of this, the professional with a background in research stands out among the others in the companies. It was thinking about this, that this study was prepared, aiming to investigate the importance of the teaching approach through a research on the learning process of the technical school student, and the contribution of this research training to professionals in the chemical industry. The study involved companies and institutions of the chemical segment of the Vale dos Sinos and the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. One of it’s specific objectives was to assess whether the needs identified by them on the technical and scientific training for mid-level, active technical professionals in the field of chemistry are being met by the curricular skills taught in the courses of the technical program. With that objective, the technical chemistry course plan of a technical school in the city of Novo Hamburgo was evaluated and questionnaires were developed, and later applied to egressed students and managers who work in Research and Development, and to students of this course. The study’s results showed that there are significant associations between the thoughts of managers and egressed students regarding the skills necessary for the performance of the chemistry technician in the areas of Research and Development. "Group work", "proactivity", "analysis and interpretation of data", and "problem solving" were specially singled out. Similarly, the findings for egressed and current students line up significantly when it comes to the improving in research training, highlighting "analysis and interpretation of data", "proactivity", "training in research methodology and statistics" and "problem solving and group work". It becomes evident, from these results, how, to managers, egressed and current students, training in research is leading to developing the skills exhibited by this study.