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This study was conducted to explore the processes educators in higher education used to ground their design of online instruction using scientific-based research and theory. Literature reviewed suggested reasons educators fail to ground the design of instruction were a lack of formal training in instructional methods, skills, support, and research understanding. The rationale for the study was to (a) increase understanding of how educators use scientific research and theory as a basis in decision-making during design and creation of online instruction,(b)identify best practices, and (c) add to the conversation in the instructional design field. A qualitative case study research design was utilized to interview, review course, and review documents of four participants to capture their viewpoints as to the (a) meaning of; (b) evidence; (c) step by step processes; and (d) problems associated with the processes of grounding the design of online instruction in scientific-based research and theory. Data obtained were analyzed through detailed case description, direct interpretation, cross-case analysis, pattern establishment, and naturalistic generalization. Pedagogy, instructional design, instructional technology, support, and problems emerged as key thematic issues. Findings suggested that although educators were consistent in defining meaning, followed step-by-step processes, and had evidence to support their decisions, they encountered logistical challenges of time, technology and design in the process of using scientific-based research and theory to ground the design of online instruction. The implications for practice from this research were similar to recommendations of other researchers. For this process to be smoother, regular training, peer professional interactions, and support must be present.

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No / Sampling in the international environment needs to satisfy the same requirements as sampling in the domestic environment, but there are additional issues to consider, such as the need to balance within-country representativeness with cross-national comparability. However, most international marketing research studies fail to provide theoretical justification for their choice of sampling approach. This is because research design theory and sampling theory have not been well integrated in the context of international research. This paper seeks to fill the gap by developing a framework for determining a sampling approach in international studies. The framework is based on an assessment of the way in which sampling affects the validity of research results, and shows how different research objectives impact upon (a) the desired sampling method and (b) the desired sample characteristics. The aim is to provide researchers with operational guidance in choosing a sampling approach that is theoretically appropriate to their particular research aims.

IMPACT AND MEASUREMENT – MANAGING RISK?:1 Introduction 2 The forest as a speculative device 2.1 You at risk: Measuring the Measurement 2.2 Other paths 2.3 Design´s afterlife 2.4 Going astray 2.5 Measuring impact with blurred glasses 2.6 Critical junctions and shortcuts 2.7 What goes around comes around Acknowledgements References / Facing the complexity of conditions and relations where design performs, it has become increasingly challenging to measure and assess its desired impact. Termed a middle culture (van Winkel, 2009) between production and consumption, understandings of design often range between a heuristic drive to contribute to positive change in the world and a profile neurosis worried about finding a place in a world that may not recognise the profession’s relevance for maintaining existential infrastructures. A profession that – despite its high hopes for making the world a better place – is often being blamed for its complicity with economic-political systems that exploit resources and cause environmental damage. While an awareness of the wickedness of such problems has certainly been raised, alternatives to the impact paradigm are rarely explored. What effects does design aim for? Which assessment criteria and alternative evaluation methods could open alternative perspectives to notorious dichotomies of failure vs success, impact vs side-effect, optimisation vs obsolescence? [from the Introduction]:1 Introduction 2 The forest as a speculative device 2.1 You at risk: Measuring the Measurement 2.2 Other paths 2.3 Design´s afterlife 2.4 Going astray 2.5 Measuring impact with blurred glasses 2.6 Critical junctions and shortcuts 2.7 What goes around comes around Acknowledgements References

Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-10T17:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonzalez Abuin.pdf: 924644 bytes, checksum: d88ecaadea656614106cf5f23152e874 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Henrique Ribeiro (hribeiro@espm.br) on 2016-11-10T17:23:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonzalez Abuin.pdf: 924644 bytes, checksum: d88ecaadea656614106cf5f23152e874 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-10T17:25:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonzalez Abuin.pdf: 924644 bytes, checksum: d88ecaadea656614106cf5f23152e874 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Gonzalez Abuin.pdf: 924644 bytes, checksum: d88ecaadea656614106cf5f23152e874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / This study goal to analyze the factors influence to choice of certain countries to carry out clinical research and elucidate an influence of different variables that were defined in this study. To meet the goal we use the quantitative methodology to create parameters for understanding how these studies are distributed by countries. The literature review contributed to the analysis and selection of the determining factors for the choice of where to conduct clinical research, defining the authors like Gehring (2014), Huijstee; Schipper (2011), Thiers (2007) and Swan; Robertson (2009) as a foundation to this study. The literature review enabled we did a list of twenty-two variables influencing the choice of where to conduct clinical research. All this variables are put together in seven categories: Freedom Business, Government of Freedom, Property Rights, Previous Experiences, Education Index, GDP and Costs . To this study we used the Institutional Theory by North (1990), Rodrik (1999), Rodrik and Subramanian (2002), applying through the economic freedom index of the base "The Heritage Foundation" and the “World Bank”. Global data about countries where they are developed clinical research were found in ClinicalTrials.org database. A regression in panel was implemented to goal to quantify the influence of each determining variable for the attraction of clinical research. This study is important to International Business, as clinical research is lucrative for the pharmaceutical industry. That makes many countries interest in receiving these studies and highlights all factors used for choosing where and why a particular country will be selected to carry out a clinical research. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os fatores que levam a escolha de determinados países para a realização da pesquisa clínica e elucidar o peso entre as diferentes variáveis que foram delimitadas no presente trabalho. Para atender à proposta de trabalho fizemos uso de uma metodologia quantitativa para parametrizar a decisão locacional dos estudos clínicos. A revisão da literatura específica acerca do tema se fez necessária para a busca, análise e seleção dos fatores determinantes para a escolha de onde realizar a pesquisa clínica contribuindo assim, para que alcançássemos o objetivo proposto. Pesquisas qualitativas que utilizamos por base, como em Gehring (2014), Huijstee; Schipper (2011), Thiers (2007) e Swan; Robertson (2009) entre outros, permitiram a obtenção de uma lista com vinte e dois fatores responsáveis por influenciar a escolha de onde realizar a pesquisa clínica. Essas variáveis foram agrupadas em torno de sete categorias que levam os nomes das variáveis que irão compor a regressão em painel. São elas: Liberdade Empresarial, Liberdade de Governo, Direito de Propriedade, Experiências Anteriores, Índice Educacional, PIB e Custos. Foi utilizada a Teoria Institucional segundo North (1990), Rodrik (1999), Rodrik e Subramanian (2002), com aplicação por meio dos índices de liberdade econômica da base “The Heritage Foundation” e Banco Mundial. Os dados mundiais acerca dos países onde são desenvolvidas pesquisas clínicas foram obtidos na base de dados ClinicalTrials.org, uma base antiga que apresenta amplitude global. Uma regressão em painel desbalanceado foi implementada com o objetivo de quantificar a influência de cada variável determinante para a atração da pesquisa clínica. Esse estudo apresenta relevância para a área de Negócios Internacionais, pois a pesquisa clínica representa a criação de novas receitas para o setor farmacêutico. O que faz com que diversos países demonstrem interesse em receber essas pesquisas e coloca em evidência os critérios utilizados para a escolha de onde e por que um determinado país será selecionado para a realização da pesquisa clínica.

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La tesi presenta una ricerca sull'interazione psicosociale in realtà virtuale. Il primo studio esplora l'impatto di una metodologia di produzione dei dati qualitativa sull'esperienza in RV; il secondo studio esplora, con un approccio grounded theory, le modalità di costruzione della presenza; il terzo studio esplorare l'interazione in rv durante delle sessioni di terapia; il quarto studio, tramite il ricorso all'analisi delle conversazioni, esplora le modalità di co-definizione dei significati in rv. / This research concerns psycho-social interactions in Virtual Reality. In order to investigate subjective experience by a qualitative approach, in the first experiment the feasibility of the thinking aloud data production technique has been verified. The second study investigated the process of presence, by analyzing data produced in the first study, within a grounded theory approach. The use of Virtual Reality in mental health, and particularly for psychotherapy, introduces a radical modification in the therapeutic setting: the typical configuration requires the patient to be immersed in the VE, while the therapist observes and controls the interaction by “outside” the environment. This unique ecosystem requires a qualitative approach to investigate it. In the third study, a qualitative content approach has been used, in order to describe the interactional processes and the co-construction of the sense of presence. In the fourth study, conversational processes in a shared VE have been investigated by creating a shared task in VR and in vivo. Results from this research program suggest the interactional nature of the sense of presence.

This study details a phenomenographic and grounded theory investigation aimed at generating new knowledge of an under-researched area, namely that of parental choice of early childhood education and care services. Given the complexity and range of choice of early childhood services, and the diversity of family situations, research eliciting parent conceptions of their choices of early childhood services is both necessary and timely. Findings from this study may be used to inform early childhood professionals by expanding their awareness of the variation that exists in the way that parents conceptualise early childhood services and make choices for young children. This study addresses both the dilemmas of individual parents in conceptualising and choosing services for their children and the implications of their individual decisions in aggregate. Single in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 parents from the local area of Boyne Island, Central Queensland, Australia. The sample of parents comprised mothers only, although mothers and fathers were invited initially to join the study. The parents were drawn from the four local early childhood education and care (ECEC) services that operate in this area. In the first stage of the analysis, a phenomenographic framework was used to develop an outcome space to describe the eight parent conceptions of ECEC services. These categories describe the way parents see ECEC services as: Demographically convenient, Safe, secure and hygienic, Providing a routine, Caring and nurturing, Having trained and qualified staff, Valuing parents and keeping them informed, Preparing for further learning, Providing socialisation. These eight categories of description are understood and distinguished in terms of three dimensions, those being physical, personnel and personal. The physical dimension refers to the location and availability of services catering to the needs of the family. The personnel dimension refers to how ECEC services are judged according to the personnel who work within that environment. The personal dimension refers to how the ECEC service is judged according to how the individual children and their family are catered for and responded to within the environment. In the second stage of analysis, an orthodox grounded theory approach was used to explore how parents understood their choice of ECEC services for their young children. This later analysis found that parent choice is influenced by: Relationship with child; Influence of significant others; Understandings of childhood; Maximising the child's potential. The grounded theory that developed as a result of this stage of analysis was that parents make complex and pragmatic choices within social contexts. An understanding of the relationships between parent conceptions and the influences that they consider when choosing ECEC services was used to develop a model. This model demonstrates the complexities of choice of service juxtaposed with parent conceptions of ECEC services. Tensions for parents and their choice of service arose when their conceptions of ECEC services were compromised. Therefore, central to the model presented is the understanding that the ECEC services were located within a specific societal context and as such, any one, or combination of, the dimensions of conceptions of service, impact upon choice.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-140).