Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Datum laatste update: 22-06-1998. Lit.opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Frank Bunte. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Report submitted to the Office of Energy R & D Policy, National Science Foundation

Report submitted to the Office of Energy R & D Policy, National Science Foundation

Report submitted to the Office of Energy R & D Policy, National Science Foundation

Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται μια προσπάθεια διαχείρισης, οργάνωσης και ταξινόμησης των δεδομένων της Ευρωπαικής καινοτομίας σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο. / Management, organization and classification of European's innovation data in regional level.

This dissertation investigates how competition among heterogeneous firms affects R&D in quality enhancement in a quality-ladder type framework for a Cournot oligopolistic industry. The research also analyzes the welfare implications of various policies that promotes R&D. Some of the theoretical predictions are then tested empirically using firm-level data for Bangladesh from the World Bank's enterprise survey. Chapter 1 shows that a rise in the cost of production of the competitor will induce a firm to invest more in R&D if and only if the quality difference between the existing product and the product emerging from R&D activities is sufficiently large. Also, welfare-reducing effect of helping a `minor' firm is lower in the presence of possible quality differences. Empirical results supports the theoretical findings. Chapter 2 shows that protecting domestic industry of high quality goods encourages firms to invest more in R&D. The size of the optimal tariff depends on the degree of product differentiation and market share of the foreign firms and is not necessarily positive. Chapter 3 shows that a small tariff imposed by the trading partner on the high quality good will deter R&D. However, as the tariff gets bigger, the relationship changes sign. The size of an R&D subsidy depends on the market share of the firms. Empirical results provide support to the theoretical findings.

In the contemporary world that undergoes constant changes, theatre is changing with certain pace as well. It is only natural as it is an integrant, inseparable part of the society and its make-up. New theatre groups are being established ? some of them last longer and turn into steady regulars on the stage, others are more short-lived due to a variety of factors (art, financial or personal ones). The development of the groups in question could help us outline some of the current tendencies in the theatre world and could contribute to getting a broader and fuller understanding of it.

nÃo hà / Neste estudo percorreu-se rapidamente a histÃria recente da indÃstria farmacÃutica brasileira para poder-se ocupar da observaÃÃo de sua conjuntura atual no que se refere à Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, tendo a InovaÃÃo como foco principal e o suporte das estruturas de Marketing como propulsoras de sua expansÃo. Foram estudados artigos, revistas, entrevistas, grÃficos, estatÃsticas e avaliaÃÃes levadas a pÃblico ao longo dos Ãltimos seis anos, nos diversos meios de comunicaÃÃo escrita do Brasil, acerca do panorama geral da indÃstria farmacÃutica brasileira e mundial. Buscou-se interpretar as tendÃncias atuais de administraÃÃo interna das empresas, avaliando-se a reaÃÃo da indÃstria farmacÃutica nacional frente Ãs fusÃes entre as multinacionais, formando grandes conglomerados farmacÃuticos. Buscou-se tambÃm estabelecer a importÃncia da legislaÃÃo e farmacovigilÃncia nacionais, nÃo sà a partir de seu papel normativo, mas tambÃm seu papel fiscalizador. A acirrada convivÃncia dos mercados e instituiÃÃes transnacionais obriga as naÃÃes a desenvolverem estratÃgias personalizadas, mas que representem potenciais interesses do consumo mundial. No Brasil, a biodiversidade Ãnica no planeta à a principal chave para o desenvolvimento da indÃstria farmoquÃmica nacional e, para que se possa competir internacionalmente, a cadeia produtiva do setor, necessita defender algumas causas prioritÃrias para o equacionamento da questÃo, como a âPropriedade Intelectualâ, pois sem um sistema legal que garanta o retorno dos gigantescos recursos aplicados na criaÃÃo de novos produtos e no financiamento da estrutura de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento haverà pouca ou nenhuma chance de marcar e expandir a presenÃa com substÃncias genuinamente brasileiras mundo afora. Para que a biodiversidade de nosso territÃrio possa transformar-se em sinÃnimo de saÃde e divisas ao povo, aos laboratÃrios e cofres brasileiros, alÃm de aprimorar o sistema legal que envolve a cadeia produtiva dos farmoquÃmicos necessita-se tambÃm, vislumbrar sobre as metodologias para o estabelecimento de parcerias com a Universidade, atravÃs da difusÃo da âSistematizaÃÃo da Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento voltada para LaboratÃrios FarmacÃuticos e a consequente ImplantaÃÃo e GestÃo de seus Sistemas de Qualidade: os caminhos a serem seguidos para integrar e atingir a expansÃo desse mercadoâ / In this investigation, we briefly evaluated the recent history of Brazilian Pharmaceutical Industry to examine the actual insight of its Research and Development, considering the innovation as its primary focus and the support of its Marketing networks primarily functioning as propeller for its growth. We critically evaluated published articles, periodicals, interviews, graphs including statistical data, and reports that were published in the past 6 years in numerous Brazilian publications concerning Brazilian and World Pharmaceutical Industry. We considered the actual tendencies of the pharmaceutical industry, i.e., a companyâs internal administration, evaluating the response of the national pharmaceutical industry to the consolidation of multinationals companies resulting in large pharmaceutical conglomerates. In addition, we attempted to establish the influence of the national legislation including Pharmacosurveillance, not only considering their normative function, but also its fiscal control. The strong relation, if not association, between the markets and international institutions force the nations to develop their own strategies that comply with the potential interest as it relates to worldwide consumption. Brazil, recognized as the single biodiversity on the planet is the main key for the national pharmaceutical and chemical industry development. When one looks for an advantage in international competition, it is necessary to assess some priorities in the production chain such as the issue of Intellectual Property, among others, since without a legal system that assures the returns on extraordinary funds invested in new products development as well as to finance the machinery of the Research & Development Departments; we will have limited or no chance to be present and to grow worldwide with genuine Brazilian substances/products. Additionally, in order to transform our biodiversity in health and exchange value to our people, laboratories, and to the Brazilian investment (funds), besides the refinement of the legal system that involves the pharmaceuticals and chemicals production chain, we need to acquire methodologies to establish University-Industry partnerships through the diffusion of the: âSystematization of Research & Development applied to pharmaceutical companies and the consequent Implantation and management of their Quality Systems: the steps to be followed to integrate and grow in this marketâ

Orientadores: Sério Luiz Monteiro Salles-Filho, Adriana Bin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boer_DenileCominato_D.pdf: 1963338 bytes, checksum: 0898084c396288d65024562489900b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A discussão deste trabalho tem como tema a gestão da pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação (P,D&I) em concessionárias do setor elétrico nacional. A publicação da Lei n° 9.991 em 2000, obrigou todas as concessionárias de energia elétrica a investirem em Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D), e estabeleceu que parte dos recursos seria gerida diretamente pelas empresas por meio de projetos regulados pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, enquanto a outra parcela seria dividida entre o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico e ao Ministério de Minas e Energia. Desde então, essas empresas tiveram que buscar formas de administrar esses recursos, criando processos e rotinas internas de gestão da P,D&I. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de entender como se estabeleceram os processos de gestão de P,D&I nas empresas e compreender como se deu a evolução nos últimos anos desses mecanismos de gestão da inovação. Para isso, o texto foi estruturado em quatro capítulos, sendo os dois primeiros mais gerais, sob o ponto de vista dos conceitos de P,D&I e da organização do setor elétrico, respectivamente. O terceiro capítulo aprofunda a discussão sobre a gestão de P,D&I das empresas estudadas e, o último capítulo, apresenta reflexões e sugestões de modificação aos modelos de gestão atuais, considerando a dinâmica de novos cenários. A conclusão deste estudo é de que o modelo regulatório de obrigatoriedade dos esforços de P&D criou estruturas minimalistas de planejamento e gestão de P&D e inovação muito mais voltadas para gerenciar o risco regulatório e minimizar punições do que propriamente para um aproveitamento estratégico do esforço de P&D e inovação, por este não possuir um papel fundamental para a sustentabilidade do negócio, e que esta condição é consequência de diversos fatores: o processo histórico, os modelos de regulação, as relações entre os atores do setor produtivo e inovativos do setor elétrico nacional. Complementarmente, pretendeu-se analisar de forma prospectiva como as modificações na estrutura de mercado e regulatórias, e os avanços tecnológicos que vêm se promovendo poderão induzir o processo de inovação para essas empresas. Dentro dessa proposta, foram considerados três cenários. O primeiro considera o fim do estímulo a inovação, e essas empresas ficarão ainda mais dependentes das inovações realizadas pelos fabricantes de equipamentos elétricos. O segundo considera a continuidade do modelo atual, em que as empresas terceirizam suas atividades de P&D para as universidades e centros de pesquisa, sem atingir o benefício final do processo inovativo. E, por fim, consolidação da "profissionalização" das atividades de inovação nessas empresas, como reação às mudanças e pressões regulatórias, tecnológicas, ambientais, etc, na busca por sustentar seus negócios frente aos novos desafios de competição setorial que se está estabelecendo / Abstract: The main discussion of this thesis is about the management of research, development and innovation (R,D&I) in the utilities of the electricity sector. The publication of Law No. 9991 in 2000, imposed to all electric utilities to invest in Research & Development (R & D), and established that part of the funds would be managed directly by the companies through R&D projects regulated by the National Agency of Electric Energy, while the other portion would be divided between the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development and the Ministry of Mines and Energy. Since then, these companies had to find ways to manage these resources, creating internal processes and routines for managing R,D&I. The aim of this study was to understand how to set the management processes of R,D&I and how was the evolution of the innovation management in these companies. For this, the text was divided into four chapters, which the first two deal with generals concepts about R,D&I and the organization of the electricity sector, respectively. The third chapter deepens the discussion on the R,D&I management in the companies studied, and the last chapter presents reflections and suggestions for modification in the current management models, considering the dynamics of new scenarios. The conclusion of this study is that the regulatory model based on a mandatory R&D efforts has created minimalist structures of planning and management of R&D and innovation, much more geared to manage regulatory risk and minimize punishments than properly for the use of R,D&I strategic effort, because it is not a key role in business sustainability, and this condition is a result of several factors: the historical process, the models of regulation, the relationship between some actors in the chain of productive and innovative electricity sector. In addition, we sought to prospectively examine how changes in market structure and regulatory issues and technological advances, which have been promoting, may actually induce the innovation process for these companies. Within this proposal, we considered three scenarios. The first considers the end of the legal obligation of promoting innovation, and these companies will become even more dependent on innovations made by manufacturers of electrical equipment. The second considers the continuity of the current model, in which utilities outsource their R&D to universities and research centers, without reaching the benefits of the innovative process. And finally, the consolidation and "professionalization" of innovation activities in these companies, as a reaction to changes in regulatory pressures, technological, environmental, etc., seeking to sustain their businesses face to the new challenges of industry competition that is setting / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutora em Política Científica e Tecnológica