Orientador: Jandira Liria Biscalquini Talamoni / Banca: Mauro Guimarães / Banca: Luciana Maria Lunardi Campos / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar, junto aos professores de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental da Região de Bauru, envolvidos no projeto "Aprendendo com a Natureza", quais eram suas necessidades e dificuldades para trabalhar as atividades de educação ambiental propostas no material didático que utilizavam em suas aulas de Ciências (livro "Aprendendo com a Natureza"). Mediante a aplicação de questionários obteve-se o perfil daqueles professores, bem como algum conhecimento sobre as suas expectativas com relação à educação ambiental e à proposta do projeto do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pela distribuição daquele material didático que substituiu em algumas escolas públicas municipais e estaduais o livro didático utilizado nas 4ª séries. Detectaram-se ainda as dificuldades apontadas pelos professores com relação ao uso do livro e ao desenvolvimento das atividades voltadas para a educação ambiental nele proposto. Em vista destes resultados foi realizada uma intervenção, com o intuito de através de uma atuação conjunta investigar e selecionar coletivamente os temas a serem trabalhados com os professores para que se sentissem mais seguros com relação aos conteúdos e às atividades práticas a serem desenvolvidas, ou seja, com relação às suas práticas pedagógicas. Iniciados em maio de 2005, foram realizados dez encontros de 8 horas cada, no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural da CATI de Bauru (SP), com a participação de 30 professores e 15 engenheiros agrônomos provenientes dos 15 municípios participantes. Observou-se, ao final do processo, que os educadores puderam ampliar os seus conhecimentos específicos relativos aos temas que foram abordados de forma crítica e reflexiva, e experimentar novas práticas educativas em suas salas de aula e nas atividades de campo, inspiradas nas experiências vivenciadas durante os encontros. / Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate, witer teachers of the fourth series of the basic education of the Bauru's area, involved at the project "learning with the nature", and how was their necessities and difficulties to work the activies of the Environmental Education proposed in the didact material thotthey used is their science's class (project "learning with the nature"). Through the application of the questionnaires, we can get the profile of those teachers and some acknowledge about theirs expectation with relation of the Environmental Education and at the proposal of the project of the state program of hydrographic micro basin of the São Paulo state which is responsible for the distribution of the didact material that is substituted, in some Public schools municipals and of the state, the didact science book of the 4º class. The analyses of the replies distained permited to detect the difficulties indicated by teachers with relation at the use of those didact materials too and in the development of the activies with relations to the environmental education in these materials proposed. So, in eyesight of these results we opted to include in this study a intervention with the intention of the, through the whole contribute, to investigate and to select in a collective way the subjects a themer to be worked with the teachers to feel themselves securer with relation at the contents and at the practical activies to be developed, that is to say, with relation at it's pedagogical practices. These works in may 2005, were realized ten encounters of eight hours every one, at the development rural's escritories of the CATI of the Bauru (SP) with the participation of the 30 teachers and 15 agronomics engineers, originating from 15 municipal areas. We observed at the end, of the process, that the educations were able to enlarge theirs specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hms_me_bauru.pdf: 2181901 bytes, checksum: 233b101a0ae2b81f82995d648106c5c6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Secretaria da Educação de SP / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar, junto aos professores de quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental da Região de Bauru, envolvidos no projeto Aprendendo com a Natureza, quais eram suas necessidades e dificuldades para trabalhar as atividades de educação ambiental propostas no material didático que utilizavam em suas aulas de Ciências (livro Aprendendo com a Natureza). Mediante a aplicação de questionários obteve-se o perfil daqueles professores, bem como algum conhecimento sobre as suas expectativas com relação à educação ambiental e à proposta do projeto do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pela distribuição daquele material didático que substituiu em algumas escolas públicas municipais e estaduais o livro didático utilizado nas 4ª séries. Detectaram-se ainda as dificuldades apontadas pelos professores com relação ao uso do livro e ao desenvolvimento das atividades voltadas para a educação ambiental nele proposto. Em vista destes resultados foi realizada uma intervenção, com o intuito de através de uma atuação conjunta investigar e selecionar coletivamente os temas a serem trabalhados com os professores para que se sentissem mais seguros com relação aos conteúdos e às atividades práticas a serem desenvolvidas, ou seja, com relação às suas práticas pedagógicas. Iniciados em maio de 2005, foram realizados dez encontros de 8 horas cada, no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural da CATI de Bauru (SP), com a participação de 30 professores e 15 engenheiros agrônomos provenientes dos 15 municípios participantes. Observou-se, ao final do processo, que os educadores puderam ampliar os seus conhecimentos específicos relativos aos temas que foram abordados de forma crítica e reflexiva, e experimentar novas práticas educativas em suas salas de aula e nas atividades de campo, inspiradas nas experiências vivenciadas durante os encontros. / The objective of this research was to investigate, witer teachers of the fourth series of the basic education of the Bauru’s area, involved at the project “learning with the nature”, and how was their necessities and difficulties to work the activies of the Environmental Education proposed in the didact material thotthey used is their science’s class (project “learning with the nature”). Through the application of the questionnaires, we can get the profile of those teachers and some acknowledge about theirs expectation with relation of the Environmental Education and at the proposal of the project of the state program of hydrographic micro basin of the São Paulo state which is responsible for the distribution of the didact material that is substituted, in some Public schools municipals and of the state, the didact science book of the 4º class. The analyses of the replies distained permited to detect the difficulties indicated by teachers with relation at the use of those didact materials too and in the development of the activies with relations to the environmental education in these materials proposed. So, in eyesight of these results we opted to include in this study a intervention with the intention of the, through the whole contribute, to investigate and to select in a collective way the subjects a themer to be worked with the teachers to feel themselves securer with relation at the contents and at the practical activies to be developed, that is to say, with relation at it’s pedagogical practices. These works in may 2005, were realized ten encounters of eight hours every one, at the development rural’s escritories of the CATI of the Bauru (SP) with the participation of the 30 teachers and 15 agronomics engineers, originating from 15 municipal areas. We observed at the end, of the process, that the educations were able to enlarge theirs specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior / Resumo: Os patrocinadores de pesquisas clínicas necessitam de um grande cuidado no recrutamento de participantes da pesquisa, em razão de seu estado de vulnerabilidade neste cenário. Neste sentido, os pesquisadores devem seguir aspectos fundamentais na condução dos protocolos de pesquisa como seguimento dos padrões nacionais e internacionais de boas práticas clínicas em pesquisa (BPCs). A comunicação de novas pesquisas utiliza de grandes veículos bem como propaganda direcionada para o recrutamento de voluntários ou sujeitos de pesquisa. O conhecimento e desenvolvimento de estratégias adequadas de recrutamento promovem melhor desempenho nas inclusões dos estudos clínicos, possibilitando ganho de tempo e dinheiro pelos patrocinadores do estudo, bem como, maior probabilidade de participação destes pacientes. Apesar disto, questões éticas e que protejam os pacientes são de extrema importância para se evitar a exploração destas pessoas que muitas vezes são humildes e de baixa renda. No Brasil, a resolução nº 251 de 1997 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde – Ministério da Saúde destaca a necessidade de descrever claramente as formas de recrutamento. A Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep), em seu Manual Operacional para Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), apresenta entre vários pontos, a avaliação da vulnerabilidade dos participantes de pesquisa, a garantia de liberdade de decisão à participação, a necessidade do desenho científico claro apresentando susceptibilidade aos riscos e possib... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical research sponsors need great care in recruiting research participants because of their vulnerability in this scenario. Researchers should follow key aspects for the smooth conduct of research protocols as a follow-up of national and international standards of good clinical practice in research (GCPR). The communication of new researches uses large vehicles as well as targeted advertising for the recruitment of volunteers or research subjects. The knowledge and development of adequate strategies promote better performance in the inclusion of clinical studies, improvement save time and money on the sponsors of study, as well as a higher probability of participation in these patients. Despite this, ethical issues and patient protection are of the utmost importance to avoid the exploitation of these people who are often humble and low-income. In Brazil, Resolution No. 251 of 1997 of the Health National Council - Ministry of Health highlights the need to describe clearly the forms of recruitment. The National Commission for Research Ethics (Conep), in its Operational Manual for Research Ethics Committees (CEP), presents, among several points, the evaluation of the vulnerability of research subjects, the guarantee of freedom of decision to participation, the need of the clear scientific design presenting susceptibility to the risks and possibility of benefits and feasibility of the execution of the protocol. Guideline - guide, is a set of statements, directions or principl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Traditionally, research about young children has been shaped by developmental approaches which persist in framing them as incomplete adults. This dissertation proffers a relatively new image of childhood that celebrates the possibilities inherent in childrens multiple ways of knowing. It is drawn from a 2006 study of the playful social language of, and interviews with, grade one children attending an urban Canadian school.<p/> Two questions drive this inquiry: a) What is the significance of childrens social language in a primary classroom? b) What is the role of play within childrens social language and within their culture? To maintain a sense of children as collaborators in research and to bring childrens talk into mainstream education discourse, Bakhtinian concepts of dialogicity and responsivity are foregrounded.<p/> The dissertation begins with a literature review that relates extant theory, research, and praxis to the study of language, discourse, and play. Then, participants perceptions of play, as articulated in the interviews, are presented. Because the study focuses upon childrens ability to make sense of their lived experience, their perceptions of play guide subsequent interpretations. Theory is reconsidered, and interpretative analysis is presented as dialogic response to the childrens ways of knowing, as points of contact between texts, as dialogue. Vignettes, drawn from videotapes of the participants social language in class, provide concrete examples of the role of play within the childrens local culture. Three key ideas emerge: children are able, dialogic interpreters of their lived experience and research participants in their own right; play discourse is agentive behaviour; and agentive play discourse is childrens response to problematic life experiences, for example, the worlds gendered texts.<p/> This study illustrates how childrens playful social talk places an imaginative distance between them and entrenched assumptions about what counts as knowledge. And, it challenges readers to distance themselves from the way things are, to redefine what is considered to be legitimate classroom conversation, and to reconsider how, together, children discursively make meaning and imagine themselves as social actors.<p/>

Traditionally, research about young children has been shaped by developmental approaches which persist in framing them as incomplete adults. This dissertation proffers a relatively new image of childhood that celebrates the possibilities inherent in childrens multiple ways of knowing. It is drawn from a 2006 study of the playful social language of, and interviews with, grade one children attending an urban Canadian school.<p/> Two questions drive this inquiry: a) What is the significance of childrens social language in a primary classroom? b) What is the role of play within childrens social language and within their culture? To maintain a sense of children as collaborators in research and to bring childrens talk into mainstream education discourse, Bakhtinian concepts of dialogicity and responsivity are foregrounded.<p/> The dissertation begins with a literature review that relates extant theory, research, and praxis to the study of language, discourse, and play. Then, participants perceptions of play, as articulated in the interviews, are presented. Because the study focuses upon childrens ability to make sense of their lived experience, their perceptions of play guide subsequent interpretations. Theory is reconsidered, and interpretative analysis is presented as dialogic response to the childrens ways of knowing, as points of contact between texts, as dialogue. Vignettes, drawn from videotapes of the participants social language in class, provide concrete examples of the role of play within the childrens local culture. Three key ideas emerge: children are able, dialogic interpreters of their lived experience and research participants in their own right; play discourse is agentive behaviour; and agentive play discourse is childrens response to problematic life experiences, for example, the worlds gendered texts.<p/> This study illustrates how childrens playful social talk places an imaginative distance between them and entrenched assumptions about what counts as knowledge. And, it challenges readers to distance themselves from the way things are, to redefine what is considered to be legitimate classroom conversation, and to reconsider how, together, children discursively make meaning and imagine themselves as social actors.<p/>

La recherche en génétique est en pleine effervescence, créant ainsi plus d’information sur la susceptibilité génétique à certaines maladies et sur la préventions et les traitements potentiels. Nombre de ces informations sont considérées exploratoires et donc sans utilité clinique. Les directives officielles, qui prônent une divulgation des résultats globaux, tendent également de plus en plus vers la communication des résultats individuels quand ils sont disponibles et applicables. On parle même « d’impératif éthique » de la part du chercheur à retourner les résultats de recherche aux participants. La tâche, cependant, ne s’avère pas si simple et ce devoir moral émergent suscite de nombreuses questions, dont la responsabilité de retourner l'information, le moment, le contenu de l’information, le respect du droit du participant de ne pas savoir. Par cette étude, l’opinion et les attentes des participants à la recherche sont investiguées. Il s’agit plus précisément de documenter de façon empirique les attentes des parents d’enfants autistes qui ont fait participer leur enfant à une étude génétique sur l’autisme. Il est essentiel et important d’explorer leurs besoins et leurs attentes concernant la façon dont ils aimeraient qu’on les informe sur les résultats de l'étude et plus spécifiquement sur les résultats qui les concernent. Le but de cette étude est de proposer une réflexion éthique sur le retour d’information aux participants à la recherche. Est-ce une responsabilité éthique? Un droit? La divulgation des résultats généraux ou individuels de recherche aux participants constitue un véritable défi résultant des grandes attentes entourant la recherche en génétique et de la situation de vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent les participants à la recherche. / Genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent leading to a growing body of information on disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Many of these results are considered exploratory with no clinical utility. Official guidelines in ethics, advocating a disclosure of global results, also tend increasingly towards the communication of individual results when available and applicable if the research participant choose so. An "ethical imperative" to return research results is increasingly acknowledged in research ethics guidelines. This emerging moral duty raises many questions including the issue of whether and how research participants might receive their individual results. In this study, we explore the perspectives of parents of an autistic child participating in genetic research. It is essential and important to explore their needs and expectations about how they would like to be delivered research results. The purpose of this study is to propose an ethical reflexion on providing individual genetic research results to participants: is there a duty ? a right ? Providing individual genetic research results to participants is a key challenge. We expect to find major challenges in matters of return of result given both the high expectations surrounding genetic research and the vulnerable state of some patients/research participants.

La recherche en génétique est en pleine effervescence, créant ainsi plus d’information sur la susceptibilité génétique à certaines maladies et sur la préventions et les traitements potentiels. Nombre de ces informations sont considérées exploratoires et donc sans utilité clinique. Les directives officielles, qui prônent une divulgation des résultats globaux, tendent également de plus en plus vers la communication des résultats individuels quand ils sont disponibles et applicables. On parle même « d’impératif éthique » de la part du chercheur à retourner les résultats de recherche aux participants. La tâche, cependant, ne s’avère pas si simple et ce devoir moral émergent suscite de nombreuses questions, dont la responsabilité de retourner l'information, le moment, le contenu de l’information, le respect du droit du participant de ne pas savoir. Par cette étude, l’opinion et les attentes des participants à la recherche sont investiguées. Il s’agit plus précisément de documenter de façon empirique les attentes des parents d’enfants autistes qui ont fait participer leur enfant à une étude génétique sur l’autisme. Il est essentiel et important d’explorer leurs besoins et leurs attentes concernant la façon dont ils aimeraient qu’on les informe sur les résultats de l'étude et plus spécifiquement sur les résultats qui les concernent. Le but de cette étude est de proposer une réflexion éthique sur le retour d’information aux participants à la recherche. Est-ce une responsabilité éthique? Un droit? La divulgation des résultats généraux ou individuels de recherche aux participants constitue un véritable défi résultant des grandes attentes entourant la recherche en génétique et de la situation de vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent les participants à la recherche. / Genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent leading to a growing body of information on disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Many of these results are considered exploratory with no clinical utility. Official guidelines in ethics, advocating a disclosure of global results, also tend increasingly towards the communication of individual results when available and applicable if the research participant choose so. An "ethical imperative" to return research results is increasingly acknowledged in research ethics guidelines. This emerging moral duty raises many questions including the issue of whether and how research participants might receive their individual results. In this study, we explore the perspectives of parents of an autistic child participating in genetic research. It is essential and important to explore their needs and expectations about how they would like to be delivered research results. The purpose of this study is to propose an ethical reflexion on providing individual genetic research results to participants: is there a duty ? a right ? Providing individual genetic research results to participants is a key challenge. We expect to find major challenges in matters of return of result given both the high expectations surrounding genetic research and the vulnerable state of some patients/research participants.