In this essay I have chosen to explore how computers are used in preschools. The study was done as a survey. How does preschool seize the children´s culture? In today´s society ICT and computers are a big part of children´s everyday life and reflects on their upbringing. Since I am using computers as a pedagogical tool in teaching the children at my preschool, I find this topic interesting to explore. Are the teacher´s using computers for an educational purpose with the children at preschools or are they using it in other ways? Do the teachers think they have the required knowledge to computers usage in teaching the children in a pedagogical way? What is the teacher´s attitude towards computers in preschool? The essay starts with a introductorial background section where I talk about my own experiences of using computers with the children in my preschool, and then referring to the society then and now, school law, curriculum, teachers' computer skills, media situation amongst children and young people, computer use in preschools/schools and health effects. I have composed a survey based on the answers of 50 teachers in 30 different preschools and in nine different municipalities. The result of the survey is reported and concludes with a part of discussion, where the results are put up against the introductorial background section. The essay concludes with a summary and my own conclusions. The main results of the survey show that teachers in preschool believe that computers can be used for an educational purpose with the children in many different ways of teaching. They consider that they need more knowledge and training in how to do it. According to the teachers, computers are used as a kind of babysitter, where the children sit and play games without the presence of an adult.

The purpose of this paper is to examine teachers' approach to popular culture in preschool. The questions we want answered are: What approach do educators have to popular culture in preschool and what underlies that approach? Is there a high - and low culture in preschool? If educators bring popular culture into the preschool, how then is it used? Do children’s culture influence everyday life in preschool?  We have employed qualitative methods to seek answers to our questions. We conducted seven interviews with educators from four different preschools. The starting point for our study was the socio-cultural perspective because we examined people's cultures and how the meeting between them unfolds.  We concluded that educators have a very ambivalent attitude towards popular culture in preschool. Respondents could see popular culture as positive for children's learning, because it makes learning meaningful and enjoyable for the children. But at the same time, they had difficulty relating to popular culture because of its commercialism, the strongly gender-coded roles that frequently occur and the status created around owning the products. We also observed a strong high culture that contrast with popular culture in preschool. High culture was linked to educators' own experiences and values, and to how instructive and useful cultural phenomenon were for the children. Popular culture needs to be connected with a clear learning objective for teachers to consider taking it into the preschool. During the investigation we discovered that teachers enjoy great power over what is brought into the preschool and over what is held out of children's reach. Children's influence over their own culture is limited in preschool. The most prominent aspect of the study was educators' own ambivalence towards popular culture.

Orientador: Marisa Trench de Oliveira Fonterrada / Banca: Sergio Luiz Figueiredo / Banca: Iveta Maria Borges Ávila Fernandes / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo dar novos subsídios à reflexão sobre a importância da Música e da Educação Musical nas escolas do País. Com a aprovação da Lei n.11769/08 que insere a Música como conteúdo obrigatório do ensino da disciplina Arte na educação básica, parece importante oferecer alternativas para que ela volte ao cotidiano escolar, especialmente da Escola Pública. Embora houvesse na legislação do País, desde 1971, um espaço potencial para a Música (como conteúdo curricular no campo da Arte), seu ensino aconteceu de maneira desigual dependendo de cada contexto, inexistindo em alguns casos, o que a distanciou muito das outras áreas do conhecimento. A formação contínua em Música para os professores dos anos inciais do Ensino Fundamental e Educação Infantil parece ser uma alternativa viável para mudança desse quadro, desejável antes mesmo que o sistema educacional tenha se adaptado à nova legislação, uma vez que os profissionais especialistas em Música e professores de classe podem trabalhar de forma colaborativa. Nesses moldes, o estudo advoga uma formação musical do professor, baseada na Cultura da Criança e, para isso, buscou compreender a infância de acordo com o enfoque sociológico, dialogando com a experiência da educadora e etnomusicóloga Lydia Hortélio. Figura entre os objetivos apresentar as ideias e o trabalho desta educadora, que acredita no Brincar e na Música Tradicional da Infância como elementos fundamentais na educação. O estudo de caso, baseado em entrevistas narrativas, foi a metodologia escolhida para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa / Abstract: This dissertation has the objective of presenting new perspectives for reflecting on the importance of music and music education in Brazilian schools. Federal Law N. 11769, 2008, provided that music education is to be mandatory during the primary, secondary, middle and high school as a content in the field of Arts. It would thus seem important to propose ways by which music can truly return to everyday school life, especially at Public Schools. Although, there has been in the country since 1971, a potential room to music , its teaching took place in an unequal way, depending on each context; in some cases it was as inexistent. Therefore, it made music very far from the other fields of knowledge. The on-going training of primary and secundary teachers to introduce their students to music would seem to be a desirable and feasible alternative. Even before the educational system has adapted to the new law, this proposal will likely be appropriate, because specifically music educator and teachers in general will be able to work in a cooperative way. In accord, this study defends the musical training of teacher, based on children's culture. Childhood is studied considering a sociological approach. As a basis, the experience of the educator and ethnomusicologist Lydia Hortelio is described here. One of the aims is to present the ideas and work of this Educator who believes in Playing and in the Traditional Childhood Music as fundamental elements at schooling. The case study methodology, based on narrative interviews, was chosen for developing the study / Mestre

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-12-07T10:54:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 giselamarquespelizzoni.pdf: 4263057 bytes, checksum: a3de6eaafaa839ee6291a4b0c8bceaaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T11:25:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giselamarquespelizzoni.pdf: 4263057 bytes, checksum: a3de6eaafaa839ee6291a4b0c8bceaaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T11:25:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giselamarquespelizzoni.pdf: 4263057 bytes, checksum: a3de6eaafaa839ee6291a4b0c8bceaaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T11:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 giselamarquespelizzoni.pdf: 4263057 bytes, checksum: a3de6eaafaa839ee6291a4b0c8bceaaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19 / A presente pesquisa tem por principal objetivo refletir sobre as relações entre a cultura da infância e a cultura da escola no que se refere ao poder profanador e regenerador das poéticas de infância no contexto escolar. Como sustentação maior desta discussão foi traçado um paralelo de semelhança entre a cultura da infância e a cultura do riso na época da Idade Média tal como foi apresentada por Bakhtin, buscando perceber o poder profanador que ambas possuem quando em contato com as estruturas dominantes. Com base neste pressuposto, este estudo busca garimpar, no cotidiano de uma escola pública, o que se usou chamar aqui Miúdos circos, que podem ser compreendidos como cenários onde a infância seja capaz de vigorar, se expressando na sua potência criadora, inventiva e poética. Assim, pode-se dizer, que o que este trabalho se propõe – a partir de um estudo de base documental ancoradoem um exercício hermenêutico de leitura de fontes – é investigar o que acontece quando as poéticas advindas da cultura infantil escapam dos seus universos restritos aos mundos da infância e tocam a cultura de uma escola. Os aportes teóricos que sustentam esta pesquisa se ancoram principalmente nas concepções de infância de Walter Benjamin e Manoel de Barros, nos conceitos de carnavalizaçãode Bakhtin e nas discussões sobre o conceito de experiência propostas por Benjamin, Jorge Larossa e Agamben. / The main goal of this research is to reflect on the relations between children's culture and school culture with regard to the carnivalizing and regenerating powers of childhood poetics against a schooling background. As the major substratum to the discussion we have likened children's culture to Bakhtin's Culture of Popular Laughter by focussing the carnivalizing power both have when in contact with dominant structures. Building on this assumption and using a Brazilian public school as the field, we have tried to collect what we call "tiny circuses", which can be understood as instances where childhood is able to thrive against the odds - expressing itself in its creative, inventive and poetic potency; going beyond individual children's lives and touching school culture. As theoretical background for the work we mainly draw from Walter Benjamin and Manoel de Barros for childhood concepts, from Mikhail Bakhtin for the carnivalization concept and from Benjamin, Larossa e Agamben for an experience concept.

Submitted by Anelise Milech (anelisemilech@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T12:40:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO IÊDA MOTA.pdf: 2884198 bytes, checksum: 349e6bc6b2dadec7b476e0612f380d41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T20:00:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO IÊDA MOTA.pdf: 2884198 bytes, checksum: 349e6bc6b2dadec7b476e0612f380d41 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T20:02:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO IÊDA MOTA.pdf: 2884198 bytes, checksum: 349e6bc6b2dadec7b476e0612f380d41 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T20:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO IÊDA MOTA.pdf: 2884198 bytes, checksum: 349e6bc6b2dadec7b476e0612f380d41 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como se manifestam as culturas infantis, em uma turma do 4º ano na Escola Municipal Nova Esperança, em Oriximiná-PA. Os participantes foram 29 crianças, sendo 16 meninas e 13 meninos, a média de idade era de 09 anos. As crianças da Amazônia carregam na sua história experiências de uma relação com o meio rural, com as matas; com a biodiversidade existente; om os encantados presentes em todos os lugares e que estão representados tanto no imaginário do índio comono do caboclo, e com o ciclo das águas que a cada ano, interfere na rotina dos ribeirinhos e das residências da cidade que ficam próximas as margens dos rios. Esse ambiente em particular, faz parte do contexto no qual as crianças da escola Nova Esperança estão inseridas. Assim, os “eus” profissionais e pessoais me instigaram a observar a heterogeneidade de vivências partilhadas pelas crianças nessa escola na Amazônia, imersa em uma região coberta por um imenso verde, “rodeada” de água doce, que permitiram ao homem amazônida ao longo dos anos, desenvolver estratégias de sobrevivência para viver e ocupar esse espaço numa relação direta com seu ambiente. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual busquei, por meio da observação participante, registro fotográfico e entrevista em grupo, compreender a questão proposta pela pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que as culturas infantis se fazem presentes na escola, porém são visíveis pelas crianças e seus pares e invisíveis pelos adultos presentes na escola, em virtude da valorização de uma cultura legitima em detrimento aos conhecimentos produzidos pelas crianças, ilegítimos. Entretanto, as crianças rompem com os padrões estabelecidos e por meio do jogo simbólico metamorfoseiam a realidade e criam um mundo paralelo no qual emergem as uas culturas infantis. Resistem à invisibilidade de suas culturas, e assim ressignificam os espaços que não foram projetados para elas, mas que tornaram os seus lugares. Nas relações entre os pares dão visibilidade as suas culturas infantis, tem autonomia e liberdade na escolha e organização das suas brincadeiras mesmo com as práticas repressivas dos professores. / The objective of this research was to understand how cultures manifest the infant in a class of 4th year at City College in New Hope, PA Oriximiná. Participants were 29 children, 16 girls and 13 boys, mean age was 09 years. Children of the Amazon carry your story experiences a relationship with the countryside, with forests, with existing biodiversity; delighted with gifts everywhere and are represented both in the ndian as the imagination of the rustic and the water cycle that every year, interferes with the routine of coastal and city residences that are near the river banks. This particular environment, is part of the context in which school children New Hope are inserted. Thus, the "I" Professional and personal instigated me to observe the heterogeneity shared by children in the Amazon experiences at this school, immersed in a region covered by a "surrounded" green huge freshwater, which allowed the Amazonian man over the years, developing coping strategies to live and occupy this space in direct relation to their environment. It is a qualitative research, in which I sought, through participant observation and photographic recording group interview, understand the question posed by the research. The results showed that children's cultures are present in school but the children are visible and invisible by their peers and adults attending the school, due to the recovery of a legitimate culture over the knowledge produced by the children illegitimate. However, children break with the established standards and through symbolic play metamorphose reality and create a parallel world in which their children cultures emerge. Resist invisibility of their cultures, their meaning and thus the spaces that were not designed for them, but they have made their places. In relations between pairs give visibility to their child cultures have autonomy and freedom in choosing and organizing their play even with the repressive practices of the teachers.

No description available.

Traditionally, research about young children has been shaped by developmental approaches which persist in framing them as incomplete adults. This dissertation proffers a relatively new image of childhood that celebrates the possibilities inherent in childrens multiple ways of knowing. It is drawn from a 2006 study of the playful social language of, and interviews with, grade one children attending an urban Canadian school.<p/> Two questions drive this inquiry: a) What is the significance of childrens social language in a primary classroom? b) What is the role of play within childrens social language and within their culture? To maintain a sense of children as collaborators in research and to bring childrens talk into mainstream education discourse, Bakhtinian concepts of dialogicity and responsivity are foregrounded.<p/> The dissertation begins with a literature review that relates extant theory, research, and praxis to the study of language, discourse, and play. Then, participants perceptions of play, as articulated in the interviews, are presented. Because the study focuses upon childrens ability to make sense of their lived experience, their perceptions of play guide subsequent interpretations. Theory is reconsidered, and interpretative analysis is presented as dialogic response to the childrens ways of knowing, as points of contact between texts, as dialogue. Vignettes, drawn from videotapes of the participants social language in class, provide concrete examples of the role of play within the childrens local culture. Three key ideas emerge: children are able, dialogic interpreters of their lived experience and research participants in their own right; play discourse is agentive behaviour; and agentive play discourse is childrens response to problematic life experiences, for example, the worlds gendered texts.<p/> This study illustrates how childrens playful social talk places an imaginative distance between them and entrenched assumptions about what counts as knowledge. And, it challenges readers to distance themselves from the way things are, to redefine what is considered to be legitimate classroom conversation, and to reconsider how, together, children discursively make meaning and imagine themselves as social actors.<p/>

Traditionally, research about young children has been shaped by developmental approaches which persist in framing them as incomplete adults. This dissertation proffers a relatively new image of childhood that celebrates the possibilities inherent in childrens multiple ways of knowing. It is drawn from a 2006 study of the playful social language of, and interviews with, grade one children attending an urban Canadian school.<p/> Two questions drive this inquiry: a) What is the significance of childrens social language in a primary classroom? b) What is the role of play within childrens social language and within their culture? To maintain a sense of children as collaborators in research and to bring childrens talk into mainstream education discourse, Bakhtinian concepts of dialogicity and responsivity are foregrounded.<p/> The dissertation begins with a literature review that relates extant theory, research, and praxis to the study of language, discourse, and play. Then, participants perceptions of play, as articulated in the interviews, are presented. Because the study focuses upon childrens ability to make sense of their lived experience, their perceptions of play guide subsequent interpretations. Theory is reconsidered, and interpretative analysis is presented as dialogic response to the childrens ways of knowing, as points of contact between texts, as dialogue. Vignettes, drawn from videotapes of the participants social language in class, provide concrete examples of the role of play within the childrens local culture. Three key ideas emerge: children are able, dialogic interpreters of their lived experience and research participants in their own right; play discourse is agentive behaviour; and agentive play discourse is childrens response to problematic life experiences, for example, the worlds gendered texts.<p/> This study illustrates how childrens playful social talk places an imaginative distance between them and entrenched assumptions about what counts as knowledge. And, it challenges readers to distance themselves from the way things are, to redefine what is considered to be legitimate classroom conversation, and to reconsider how, together, children discursively make meaning and imagine themselves as social actors.<p/>

Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa cuja proposta foi investigar como as crianças, em suas interações, produzem significados em relação ao seu pertencimento a um grupo etário e com outro grupo de idade na instituição escolar, com o objetivo de evidenciar o que as crianças pensam e como são as suas relações na escola graduadas por idades, bem como as relações entre os grupos de crianças. Foram utilizadas as seguintes estratégias metodológicas: observações participantes e entrevistas coletivas. Participaram da pesquisa 29 crianças entre cinco e nove anos de idade da EI e do EF de uma mesma instituição escolar, situada no município de Porto Alegre. O estudo foi realizado com esses dois níveis de ensino, pois eles apresentam expectativas e finalidades educativas diferenciadas, podendo ocorrer dessemelhanças entre as formas como as crianças dos dois grupos vivem na escola, através das seguintes categorias: o tempo e o espaço escolar, as práticas adultocêntricas, os rituais e significados sociais em relação à idade, o brincar e as possibilidades de relação entre os grupos, as diferenciações etárias entre as crianças, protagonismos destas e o grupo etário enquanto um sub-geração. São apresentados os significados construídos pelas crianças frente ao pertencimento etário, as práticas diferenciadas dos grupos pela determinação espaçotemporal da escola, juntamente com os estatutos que elas recebem em cada nível de ensino, os protagonismos que as crianças realizam para garantir na escola as culturas infantis e a problematização da idade como o fator que forma uma sub-geração. / This study consists in a qualitative research whose proposal was to investigate how children, in their interactions, give meanings in relation to their belonging to an age group and to other age groups, in school institution, intending to highlight what children think and how are their relationships in a school graded by ages as well how are relationships among groups of children. The following methodological strategies were used: participant observations and collective interviews. Participated of the research 29 (twenty-nine) children between 5 (five) and 9 (nine) years old from CS (Child School) and from BE (Basic Education) of the same school institution, located in Porto Alegre City. The study was made with these two levels of the knowledge process since they present different expectations and educational ends. It can occur dissimilarities between the ways how children of both groups live in school, through the following categories: the time and the school space, the adult centered practices, the rituals and the social meanings in relation to the age, the playing, and the possibilities of relationship among the groups, the age differentiations among children, their protagonisms and the age group while a sub generation. The meaning created by children are presented considering the age belonging, the different practices of the groups determined by the space-time of school as well the statutes they receive in every level of teaching, the protagonisms children perform to guarantee, in school, the child cultures and the problematization of the age as the factor that forms a sub generation.

Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa cuja proposta foi investigar como as crianças, em suas interações, produzem significados em relação ao seu pertencimento a um grupo etário e com outro grupo de idade na instituição escolar, com o objetivo de evidenciar o que as crianças pensam e como são as suas relações na escola graduadas por idades, bem como as relações entre os grupos de crianças. Foram utilizadas as seguintes estratégias metodológicas: observações participantes e entrevistas coletivas. Participaram da pesquisa 29 crianças entre cinco e nove anos de idade da EI e do EF de uma mesma instituição escolar, situada no município de Porto Alegre. O estudo foi realizado com esses dois níveis de ensino, pois eles apresentam expectativas e finalidades educativas diferenciadas, podendo ocorrer dessemelhanças entre as formas como as crianças dos dois grupos vivem na escola, através das seguintes categorias: o tempo e o espaço escolar, as práticas adultocêntricas, os rituais e significados sociais em relação à idade, o brincar e as possibilidades de relação entre os grupos, as diferenciações etárias entre as crianças, protagonismos destas e o grupo etário enquanto um sub-geração. São apresentados os significados construídos pelas crianças frente ao pertencimento etário, as práticas diferenciadas dos grupos pela determinação espaçotemporal da escola, juntamente com os estatutos que elas recebem em cada nível de ensino, os protagonismos que as crianças realizam para garantir na escola as culturas infantis e a problematização da idade como o fator que forma uma sub-geração. / This study consists in a qualitative research whose proposal was to investigate how children, in their interactions, give meanings in relation to their belonging to an age group and to other age groups, in school institution, intending to highlight what children think and how are their relationships in a school graded by ages as well how are relationships among groups of children. The following methodological strategies were used: participant observations and collective interviews. Participated of the research 29 (twenty-nine) children between 5 (five) and 9 (nine) years old from CS (Child School) and from BE (Basic Education) of the same school institution, located in Porto Alegre City. The study was made with these two levels of the knowledge process since they present different expectations and educational ends. It can occur dissimilarities between the ways how children of both groups live in school, through the following categories: the time and the school space, the adult centered practices, the rituals and the social meanings in relation to the age, the playing, and the possibilities of relationship among the groups, the age differentiations among children, their protagonisms and the age group while a sub generation. The meaning created by children are presented considering the age belonging, the different practices of the groups determined by the space-time of school as well the statutes they receive in every level of teaching, the protagonisms children perform to guarantee, in school, the child cultures and the problematization of the age as the factor that forms a sub generation.