Carbon Capture and Storage is a nascent technology developed with the intention of collecting carbon dioxide emissions from the flue gasses of point source producers, such as power stations or cement works. The carbon dioxide is then stored in underground geological reservoirs so that it does not reach the atmosphere, reducing the rate at which greenhouse gasses accumulate and influence climate change. However, as with all nascent technologies, the benefits of these developments and concepts must be weighed against the risks of serious and long-term environmental impact should an accidental release occur. The aim of this thesis is to study the potential for environmental damage caused by a release of carbon dioxide into the marine environment from a sub-seabed carbon dioxide reservoir generated through carbon capture and storage development. The quantification of the rate of change caused by such an accidental release of carbon dioxide will be studied, as will the rate at which natural conditions are re-established upon cessation of the release.

This thesis develops an approach to integrated resources management for hydro-electric energy development and an application of the method to an established single purpose project. Traditionally hydroelectric projects in British Columbia have been orientated towards the single purpose of energy generation. Yet as demands for water-based recreation rise, hydro-electric reservoirs become increasingly valuable for other uses, as has been demonstrated by multi-purpose projects in the United States. Thus, improved planning and management of reservoirs is necessary to achieve an increased level of resource use and environmental quality. It is suggested in this thesis that an analysis of land-use capabilities (biogeophysical) is a logical initial phase in determining the limitations for recreational use at reservoirs. It is further postulated that the use of a methodology which integrates land-use capabilities of the reservoir ecosystem with recreation-user requirements for selected recreational activities will minimize their environmental impact. Such a framework is based on the ecological principle that all land has the inherent capacity to generate different levels of biological production under various combinations of circumstances. Furthermore, based on these combinations of circumstances, the land and water may be classified into distinct landtypes for recreational use. Such a classification was developed and applied in a case study to Hayward Lake (a Run-of-the-River Reservoir) located near the coast of southwestern British Columbia. The results demonstrated clearly that the five landtypes (probably genera 1izable to other reservoirs) were identifiable, and that within these divisions, varying degrees of capability for recreation existed. Within the Reservoir ecosystem, five land-based and water-based landtypes are distinguished. These are the division of the water surface into: 1) the Open Water Zone, and 2) the Littoral Zone, and the division of the land into 1) the Beach Zone, 2) the Foreshore Zone (often preceded by a Subforeshore Zone), and 3) the Upland Zone. These zones may be further classified for selected recreational activities on the basis of various biogeophysica1 attribute values: e.g., soil textures, slope, water temperature, surface currents, exposure to sun and wind, etc. The preliminary analysis also indicated that five additional components for integrated reservoir management were necessary, namely: sedimentation control, reservoir clearance, regulated water flows, on-water zoning, and proper design standards. These were discussed briefly in the concluding chapter. In the final analysis, it is suggested that the classification framework should be expanded to assess not only the recreation capabilities of the reservoir (which forms one component of integrated management) but also the total uses of the water resource (based on capability, suitability, and feasibility) for the maximum benefit of society. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Crappie fisheries in northwest Mississippi flood control reservoirs are valued from social and economic standpoints. To mitigate variable recruitment rates of these recreationally valuable species, I sought to gain a better understanding of the population dynamics of these fish during their first year of life. My analyses indicate that embayment habitats in the study reservoirs display a longitudinal distribution gradient of both habitat composition and age-0 crappie abundance during late summer. Additionally, age-0 crappies inhabiting uplake floodplain areas grow to a larger size than downlake embayment-inhabiting conspecifics. The results from this study provide direction on potential management strategies to promote annual recruitment of age-0 crappies in these reservoirs.

Interpretation problems are commonly associated with calculating water saturation in nonhomogenous shaly sand reservoirs. Redefining petrophysical properties based on well logs in shaly sand reservoirs by using fundamental geologic attributes is an important tool in developing subsurface hydrocarbon resources. Studies of the electrical anisotropy of shaly sands have shown that the level of our understanding and our ability to correctly evaluate low resistivity and low contrast pay can be greatly improved. The model developed in this thesis is similar in form to the shaly sand Dual Water model by Clavier et al. (1984). It is an experiment based model designed to directly assess and quantify the mineralogical and electrical effects of clay minerals in heterogeneous reservoirs. Clay minerals usually have multiple effects on petrophysical properties obtained from geophysical well log measurements. The total expansible clay model evaluates these effects via direct measurement of independent mineralogy and conductivity of clay minerals within reservoir sands. This model integrates the following as an effective basis for characterizing shaly sand reservoirs: ??? Rietveld based Siroquant assay for quantitative X-ray diffraction, used in determining mineral percentages from standard XRD trace patterns, ??? Cation exchange capacity, used to determine the quantity of cations involved in the exchange at the shale-water interface, ??? Porosity, permeability, density and resistivity measurements, ??? Thin section petrography, used in identifying mineral patterns, visible porosity and reservoir quality. Overall, application of correlations drawn from the model yields improved results for water saturation which appeared consistent with those earlier calculated using known water saturation models (Clavier et al Dual Water model, 1984, Juhasz, 1981). A total of twenty three samples from two wells in the Cliff Head fIeld were analyzed for this study.

Orientador: Denis Jose Schiozer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T20:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MunozMazo_EduinOrlando_M.pdf: 718696 bytes, checksum: 5cc7fbb1e3956c2224d96e2eefb9448c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: As características diferenciadas dos reservatórios naturalmente fraturados fazem com que o estudo e a previsão do comportamento desses reservatórios tenham-se convertido em temas de estudos freqüentes na indústria do petróleo. Nesse trabalho, apresenta-se um estudo que visa à formulação de regras gerais de escolha inicial de estratégias de produção para reservatórios naturalmente fraturados, considerando diferentes características de reservatórios assim como o estudo de um processo de otimização das estratégias propostas. Para a realização deste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais aspectos dos reservatórios naturalmente fraturados e foi proposta uma metodologia que avalia, através de simulação numérica, os impactos de vários fatores na previsão do comportamento. Os resultados mostram que o comportamento desse tipo de reservatório é fortemente influenciado pela estratégia selecionada. Também se observa que a seleção da estratégia inicial está condicionada principalmente por parâmetros como as permeabilidades de matriz e de fratura, a inclinação do reservatório e a orientação das fraturas. Finalmente, é ressaltada a importância dos processos de otimização para melhorar os indicadores de desempenho do reservatório, tanto de produção quanto econômicos / Abstract: Due to the differentiated characteristics of naturally fractured reservoirs, the forecast of the behavior of these reservoirs has been subject of frequent studies in the oil industry. This work presents a study that aims to formulate mIes for selection of initial recovery strategy for naturally fractured reservoirs considering different reservoir properties and to study an optimization process for the proposed strategies. For the accomplishment of thi"swork, a literature review about the main aspects of naturally fractured reservoirs was made, and it was proposed a methodology to evaluate, through numerical simulation, the impact of some reservoir parameters and production strategies on the production forecast. The results demonstrate that the reservoir behavior is strongly influenced by the selected strategy. AIso, it can be observed that the selection of the initial strategy is a function of reservoir parameters such as matrix and fracture permeability, reservoir inc1ination and fracture orientation. Finally, is demonstrated the importance and usefulness of optimization processes for increasing the production and economic performance indicators / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Geosciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (D.Sc.)--Stellenbosch University, 1953. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

The valuation of public recreational facilities is complicated by the absence of a market established price. In this study, existing methods for valuing non-market priced recreational resources have been refined to compensate for price absence. In addition, crosselasticities of demand between recreation resources have been comptted to describe their substitution relationships. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2,000 owners of motorboats registered in Arizona to determine their socioeconomic characteristics, participation habits, expected participation during the 1967 boating season and costs of operating their boating outfit. To those respondents returning an acceptable questionnaire a returnable cost accounting ledger was mailed in which the boat owner could keep a complete record of his boating activities and costs during the study period. The expected participation information yielded by the questionnaire describes a boating season participation pattern unconstrained by short-run fluctuations due to unforeseen incidents. This exhibits the potential value of the facility for recreational use. Further, it was found that expected number of trips can be used as a single predictor variable for estimating recreation use for the forthcoming season. Since public recreation areas generally have only a token entry fee, their value may be captured by consumers in the form of a consumer's surplus. Compensated demand curves for the recreation resources were constructed to eliminate the income effect of a theoretical price change. This was accomplished by grouping consumers into cells according to their income and variable costs of participation, then calculating the differences in annual total fixed costs of participation between the marginal consumer (with the highest annual total fixed costs) and each intramarginal consumer within each cell. The value of a recreation resource obtained in the above manner represents the value to a perfectly discriminating monopolist. The value of reservoirs based on expected participation were found to be greater than resource value determined under actual participation, probably due to intercedence of short-run factors affecting actual participation plans. Demand curves for the recreation experience at different locations were constructed by linearly regressing actual and expected number of trips, respectively, on average total costs of participation. The elasticity of demand, in all instances, was inelastic, relating the relative insensitivity of the motorboat recreation market, in terms of participation adjustment, to changes in average total costs of participation. Actual participation demand, however, tended to be more elastic than expected participation demand, thus reflecting the constraints imposed on actual participation by various short-run factors. Cross-elasticities of demand between selected pairs of reservoirs were computed to describe the extent to which a shift in participation might occur at one reservoir as a result of an entrance fee imposition or increase at another assuming that the costs of attending all other reservoirs will remain constant. Three combinations of signs were found to exist among the reservoir pairs. With both signs positive the locations were assumed to bear a competitive relationship, offering a substitute recreation experience. If both signs were negative the locations were assumed to have a complementary relationship, implying that the locations do not offer a substitute recreation experience, though not necessarily independent. Finally, when one sign was positive and the other negative, the location with a substitute relationship to the other was assumed to offer the superior recreation experience. Sign combinations, however, did not remain consistent between pairs of reservoirs from actual to expected participation computations. Substitution relationships based on actual participation computations were discounted on the basis that due to such a small number of observations of actual attendance an accurate representation of the perception of the recreation experience was not obtained. Further, the substitution relationships based on expected attendance appeared more realistic than those based on actual attendance. Major factors influencing reservoir substitution relationships appeared to be the proximity of the resource locations to a major population center, their similarity in physical and/or user characteristics, accessibility and general level of facility development.

No description available.