Building Information Modeling (BIM) has changed the ways buildings are designed and constructed. Along with design and construction, operation and maintenance of the built facility is also gaining importance in the Architecture-Engineering-Construction industry. Facility management (FM) is widely adopted by industrial, healthcare and other types of commercial facilities for better maintenance and management of assets. BIM is being adopted in the field of Facility management and has become one of the most important tools for better application of operation and maintenance. Facility management is performed by professionals with training and experience in the related fields of building operation, maintenance, upgrade and repair. BIM is a professional tool which requires intense training and knowledge. This tool cannot be used and is hard to understand for non-professionals and people who do not have training to use it. Management of residences is as important as management of commercial, industrial and healthcare facilities for the life and smooth running of such facilities. Residential facilities are properties with one or more residential units or buildings. These buildings could be low rise, high rise or individual units. This thesis will help in analyzing the scope of using BIM and Application Programming Interface (API) for management of maintenance in residences by the owner who are not professionally trained. The research analyzes a single, basic function of a BIM tool to determine the potential for such a tool to help non-expert, first time user to be able to understand their residential facilities maintenance requirements. It is an attempt to propose a system which provides alerts to the owners regarding required maintenance and which shows the location of the work in a 3D model. The system was designed and tested in Microsoft Windows 7 operating system by using Autodesk® Revit building information software to make the 3D model, a Revit API plug-in to craft the alerts and show the location of work and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) to export the model to a web browser. The system worked through Revit program, but the concept of applying the system to work through web browser failed.

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which the original objectives for the Carmichael Residential Instruction Project at Ball State University have been met through the mid-to-late seventies, the relative differences in effectiveness between the Carmichael Project and the larger university in meeting the objectives claimed for the Carmichael Project, and the extent to which Ball State students of the mid-to-late seventies reflect national trends in college student characteristics as described in the relevant literature.To achieve the purposes of the study a major null hypothesis and four null sub-hypotheses were developed concerning the Carmichael Project objectives. The objectives evaluated in the study concerned (1) promoting a "comfortable community of learning," (2) developing "close working relationships with faculty," (3) creating "a small, comfortable classroom environment," and (4) providing the opportunity for "shared educational experiences and a common identity."Two questionnaire instruments were developed to determine the extent to which Carmichael Project objectives have been met in the mid-to-late seventies and to determine whether the objectives of the Carmichael Project have been met more effectively by the Project thanby the larger university. The questionnaires were administered to two groups of students selected by a random process. One group was composed of present and former Carmichael Project participants divided into four sub-groups according to academic classification, i.e., freshman, sophomore, junior, senior. The second group, the control group, was composed of general university or non-Carmichael students also divided into four sub-groups according to academic classification.After the questionnaire data were subjected to an F ratio and t test, it was found that the mean scores of the Carmichael Project participant groups were significantly higher than the mean scores of the corresponding control groups for questionnaire items relating to the first three Carmichael Project objectives, but the mean scores of the control groups were significantly higher than the mean scores of the corresponding Carmichael groups for questionnaire items relating to the fourth Carmichael Project objective. The major null hypothesis and all four null sub-hypotheses were rejected.It was determined through the review of related literature that college student characteristics have changed since the late sixties and that Ball State students in the mid-to-late seventies have reflected the national trends in college student characteristics. Among other changes in college student characteristics since the sixties, it was determined, for example, that college students in the 1970's have been more "career-minded," more moderate or conservative in political views, and more "liberal" in social attitudes than were college students of the late 1960's. It was determined. that Ball State students have generally reflected the national college student characteristics but have been more politically moderate and less socially "liberal" than have college students nationally during the mid-to-late seventies.It was concluded that the Carmichael Project at Ball State University should be continued only if modifications are made. It was recommended that if the decision is made to continue the Carmichael Project, Ball State officials should, after appropriate study, develop a very clear set of goals and objectives for the Project, provide a program of studies which specifically meets the needs of students in the late 1970's and early 1980's, develop in-service programs for Carmichael faculty to insure understanding of and commitment to the goals and objectives of the Project, develop specific evaluative procedures and carry out a continuing program of evaluation, and make modifications in the Project as new or changed needs are determined as a result of evaluation procedures.

Of the many urban revitalization strategies currently being implemented, one in particular is gaining in popularity. The revitalizing tactic of establishing a satellite University campus within the heart of a mid-sized city suffering socially and economically is demonstrating a positive shift in terms of urban evolution. The relative newness of these ‘Town & Gown’ partnerships, however, is simultaneously creating a unique situation with respect to many common University facilities, such as the Student Residence. The establishment of a post-secondary facility in a mid-sized city centre forces defined University boundaries to dissolve into the existing city fabric, rendering the once-conspicuous campus edge non-existent. This has made decisions regarding an appropriate student residential typology exceedingly complicated. The many unexplored opportunities within a mid-sized city setting, for both ‘Town & Gown’ alike, demand a reconsideration of preconceived student residential roles, prior to the establishment of a residence within a downtown environment. Neither technically on- or off-campus, a student residence would require the characteristics from both in order to flourish in its unfamiliar mid-sized downtown environment. The question then becomes which characteristics would find the greatest success not only for a University and its students, but for the city as well. This thesis will examine how a student residence located in the heart of a mid-sized city can contribute successfully to the revitalization of its declining downtown, and will then propose a reconsidered approach to the design of a student residence, using the University of Waterloo’s School of Architecture’s new home, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, as the siting for the final design proposal.

Of the many urban revitalization strategies currently being implemented, one in particular is gaining in popularity. The revitalizing tactic of establishing a satellite University campus within the heart of a mid-sized city suffering socially and economically is demonstrating a positive shift in terms of urban evolution. The relative newness of these ‘Town & Gown’ partnerships, however, is simultaneously creating a unique situation with respect to many common University facilities, such as the Student Residence. The establishment of a post-secondary facility in a mid-sized city centre forces defined University boundaries to dissolve into the existing city fabric, rendering the once-conspicuous campus edge non-existent. This has made decisions regarding an appropriate student residential typology exceedingly complicated. The many unexplored opportunities within a mid-sized city setting, for both ‘Town & Gown’ alike, demand a reconsideration of preconceived student residential roles, prior to the establishment of a residence within a downtown environment. Neither technically on- or off-campus, a student residence would require the characteristics from both in order to flourish in its unfamiliar mid-sized downtown environment. The question then becomes which characteristics would find the greatest success not only for a University and its students, but for the city as well. This thesis will examine how a student residence located in the heart of a mid-sized city can contribute successfully to the revitalization of its declining downtown, and will then propose a reconsidered approach to the design of a student residence, using the University of Waterloo’s School of Architecture’s new home, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, as the siting for the final design proposal.

Ta-pong Bay is a shallow coastal lagoon located at the southwestern Taiwan, with only one inlet permanently connecting to the sea. The water exchange, flowing out or into the Bay, is chiefly driven by tidal force. Many kinds of nutrition are gradually accumulated in the Bay, leading to the situation of eutrophication to be more serious. This research utilizes the POM numerical model (Princeton Ocean Model) to simulate the circulation of Ta-pong Bay and long-term water mass transportation. Further, we had used a towed ADCP to survey the flow fields of the Bay and set up a fixed ADCP to measured local velocity for 15 days, for helping us more to understand the flow field. This study using high-resolution 3-D numerical model had been developed with 50m by 50m horizontal resolutions to calculate the problem of water exchange of the lagoon. The model is driven by tidal force, northerly and southerly wind stress. The model results show that the tide-generated force is quite revealed at the tidal inlet where the biggest velocity can researches to 1 m/s during ebb tide, 0.5 m/s during flood tide. The low-frequency motion of the bay is mainly driven by wind stress. The residual current is about 0.03 m/s during blowing northerly wind and about 0.05 m/s during blowing southerly wind. Generally speaking, the average residence time in the south of the lagoon is over 30 days and in the central bay is about 7~12 days and in the north of the lagoon near the tidal mouth is about 1~2 days.

In the wave of globalization in recent years, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of their countries and make their administration meet the needs of the public, the governments of various countries have been trying their best to carry out different kinds of reforms. When extensively looking at most of these countries, it is found that their measures are generally based on two principles: reduction of administrative cost and promotion of efficiency. However, it has been examined and proved in history that under these principles, what the leading reformers always encountered were the ¡§double predicaments¡¨ they were beset with both at home and aboard. Therefore, in order to alleviate the predicaments, the administrative theorists and practicers thought of an idea of ¡§business government.¡¨ They intended to bring to government departments the concepts of risks, innovation and cost effects so as to promote the administrative effects, and remold the correctness and legitimacy of the ruling of the government. Peter F. Drucker once indicated in his book, ¡§Administrative Practices¡¨, ¡§The aims of business have to be existed beyond the business itself,¡¨ ¡§the aims of business have to be existed in society.¡¨ Comparatively speaking, the existence and reformation of the government have to take ¡§customer¡¦s value¡¨ as the major foundation of its administrative measures. It implies that people¡¦s voices should be added in the government¡¦s policies, and the government¡¦s administration should depend on ¡§customer orientation.¡¨ It also refers that a ¡§customer-oriented government¡¨ is a ¡§people-natured¡¨ government. Its ultimate purpose is to make people feel satisfactory. In Taiwan the computerization of household registration is one of the successful examples of reformation of the government. It takes the idea of ¡§customer-oriented¡¨ service as the base, adopts the advantages of information technology to replace the manual operation, rearranges the human resources and makes use of the simplification and innovation of servicing procedures. Consequently, it strengthens the two-way communication between the government and the public, and realize the provision of convenient service for citizens who are always regarded as ¡§the highest customers.¡¨ Based on these facts, the theories of the paper are established on the definition, origin and background of ¡§customer orientation.¡¨ It investigates its evolution in the development process of public administration and the application of its servicing spirit by the administrative departments of Taiwan. Household registration is the mother of general affairs. Not only the correctness of household registration affects the rights and obligations of people, even the population statistics of household registration is also an important reference for Taiwan government to plan their policies. Apart from promotion of the structural functions, will the computerization of household registration influence the quality and efficiency of the overall service? Taking the aspect of PZB service quality as the foundation, the paper designs a structural questionnaire for attaching to the random interviews, which are made with the people coming over to Household Affairs Department of Kangshan Town of Kaohsiung County to deal with their household registration problems. From the viewpoint of ¡§customer orientation,¡¨ the paper examines and verifies the meaning of computerization to the household registration departments of Taiwan and its influence to the administrative efficiency. The paper also investigates the public¡¦s satisfaction towards the overall service quality of the computerization of household registration, and how the household registration departments, after computerization at the current stage, will match the advanced information technology again, cross over various restrictions and create a new epoch of services.

This dissertation presents several studies relating to fundamental characterization of CMP consumables in planarization processes. These are also evaluated with the purposes of minimizing environmental impact and reducing cost of ownership (COO).The first study is conducted to obtain the retaining ring wear rate in a typical ILD CMP process and is specifically intended to investigate the effect of retaining ring materials and slot designs during the CMP process. The results show that retaining ring materials have effect on the COF, pad temperature and retaining ring wear rate, while retaining ring slot designs affect the pad surface abruptness. The second study is performed to compare the effect of different retaining ring slot designs on the slurry film thickness within the pad-wafer interface. A novel non-intrusive optical technique, dual emission UV-enhanced fluorescence (DEUVEF), was applied to accurately measure the film thickness of the slurry underneath the wafer during polishing. It is indicated that the optimized retaining ring slot design can significantly reduce the COO of CMP processes by increasing slurry utilization.A COF method is applied to measure the slurry mean residence time (MRT) during CMP. This technique uses transient COF data induced by a shift in slurry concentration to determine MRT. Variations in consumables as well as sliding velocity, pressure and slurry flow rate can affect the slurry MRT. One study in this dissertation focus on the effect of retaining ring slot designs on the slurry MRT. Another study compares the slurry MRT under same polishing conditions using pads with different groove width. Both studies are conducted on multiple sliding velocity, pressure and slurry flow rate variations to understand the characteristics of consumable designs. The method of measuring MRT during polishing presented in this dissertation can be easily applied in general CMP processes.The subsequent studies focus in the diamond conditioner discs characterization techniques. A newly developed method for determining active diamonds and aggressive diamonds on a diamond conditioner disc under a certain vertical load is elaborated in this dissertation. Later, this technique together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging is implemented to analyze diamond pullout and fracture in CMP. Five different types of diamond conditioner discs are subjected to a novel accelerated wear test respectively to compare the extent of diamond pullout and fracture under the same conditioning condition

This study identified issues, problems, barriers and opportunities which impact the residential experience for non-traditional undergraduate students living in traditional college and university residence halls. Non-traditional students were defined as students twenty-five years of age or older. The study utilized two distinct research methods; a demographic survey of chief housing officers and the modified Delphi study of non-traditional students' impressions and issues to be considered as barriers and enablers in their residence hall experience.Chief housing officers from 101 institutions within a four state area in the Midwest reported 7180 non-traditional students currently living in traditional residence halls. Most chief housing officers were aware of these students on campus, but many of the officers wrote that because this was a negligible number of students, little had been done especially to accommodate this group.Chief housing officers identified the following top five needs of non-traditional students: 1) quiet and privacy, 2) contractual arrangements, 3) issues related to living and relating to others, 4 family issues, and 5) special programming. Four of the top five needs were analyzed by the researcher as institutional barriers according to Cross' Chain of Response (COR) Model; other barriers identified included dispositional barriers and situational barriers.The chief housing officers most frequently reported the following plans to meet the needs of non-traditional students~ 1) to alter contractual arrangements, 2) to renovate facilities, 3) to group students together, and 4) to develop special services or policies.The 30 non-traditional students who participated in the modified Delphi study identified barriers as unique needs or issues that adversely affected their participation or satisfaction with overall residence hall experiences. The top five barriers they identified were: 1) difficulties due to maturity differences, 2) too much noise, 3) not having housing over breaks, 4) lack of same age companionship, and 5) policies that were too restrictive for adult life styles. Three of the top five barriers were analyzed by the researcher as institutional barriers; others were analyzed as situational or dispositional barriers.The non-traditional students identified enablers as circumstances that positively affected their participation or satisfaction with overall residence hall experiences. The top five enablers identified were: 1) accessibility to campus facilities and resources, 2) convenience, 3) enhanced academic focus while living on campus, 4) greater involvement in the institution, and 5) increased faculty contact and affordability (tied). Cross' COR Model likewise was applied, unconventionally, by the researcher to the enabling issues. Five of the six predominant enablers were analyzed as institutional enablers; others were analyzed as dispositional enablers.Suggested solutions to these barriers were offered by non-traditional students. Students either asked to be housed separately or treated differently from traditional age students, to have policies enforced consistently and more frequently, or to have programs and mechanisms in place to bring about greater interaction and ultimate appreciation of the differences between non-traditional and traditional students. / Department of Educational Leadership

In light of the civil unrest surrounding the tech industry’s corporate shuttle buses, this paper examines factors that determine the percentage of commuters from Greater San Francisco to Silicon Valley. By using aggregate characteristics of two departing cities (San Francisco and Oakland) and 34 receiving cities in Silicon Valley in 2006 and 2011, the study shows that distance alone is statistically significant across various specifications. Relative median housing values and relative unemployment rates mattered at times. These findings can help businesses and governments in the area make educated decisions regarding employment and residential locations.

Master of Science / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Sajid Alavi / Sorghum, millets and teff are important staple crops worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions of Africa and India because of their drought tolerance. However, lack of research and other limitations have restricted their usage in food products. This study is focused on extrusion processing of low and high tannin sorghum varieties, millet and teff for high and low moisture applications, and to investigate process characteristics such as residence time distribution and specific mechanical energy, physico-chemical properties of resultant food products (such as pre-cooked pasta and expanded snacks) and their resistance starch content. Results from preliminary lab scale extrusion, including optimization of starch type and level for pre-cooked pasta and in-barrel moisture for expanded snacks, were used to design pilot-scale studies on a twin-screw extruder. In the first pilot-scale experiment, decorticated white sorghum blends prepared with addition of mono-glycerides (0.5%, 1% and1.5%) and salt (1%) were processed at three different in-barrel moisture contents 40%, 44% and 48% (wet basis) for processing of precooked pasta. The optimum formulation containing 1% mono-glycerides and process conditions corresponding to 48% in-barrel moisture were also used to develop precooked teff and millet pasta. The non-traditional grain based pastas were investigated for cooking quality, thermal characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter, pasting properties using rapid visco analyzer and texture profile analysis. In general, increasing in-barrel moisture led to reduction in solid losses (ranging from 4.0-8.2% for all treatments), indicating improvement in cooking quality. On the other hand, increase in mono-glycerides concertation led to higher cooking losses, and also affected pasting and textural properties significantly. Sorghum-based precooked pasta was of best quality while millet pasta was poorest in cooking quality, visual and textural attributes. Cooking loss for control pre-cooked pasta produced in this experiment using semolina was 4.5%, and commercial semolina pasta was 3.2%. Residence time distribution in pilot-scale twin screw extruder, during high moisture process conditions used for pre-cooked pasta, was also investigated at three different in-barrel moistures (40%, 44% and 48%) and monoglycerides/ lipid (0.5, 1% and 1.5%) concentrations. Increase in in-barrel moisture significantly decreased mean residence time. For example, mean residence time was 4.47 min at 40% moisture, 3.89 min at 44% and 3.74 min at 48%. On the contrary, residence time significantly increased with lipid level. For example, mean residence time was 3.87 min at 0.5% concentration of mono-glycerides, 4.48 min at 1% and 4.70 min 1.5%. In the second experiment focusing on low moisture applications, pilot-scale twin screw extrusion was used to process decorticated white sorghum and high tannin sumac sorghum for expanded snacks. The addition of sumac bran decreased the specific mechanical energy input (366-578 kJ/kg) and expansion ratio (6.4-7.9), and resulted in higher piece density of extrudates. Use of sumac bran and sumac flour led to increase in resistant starch content, although it was less than 1% for all treatments. Therefore, extrusion with ingredients having high tannin content does not provide value, despite tannins being associated with resistant starch at least in raw materials.