Educators are affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic in many different ways. At this stage, most people are focusing on how to support people that are infected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The youth of South Africa are in the hands of these educators that are struggling under the effects of this pandemic. The Resilient Educators (REds) programme was especially created to support educators that have been affected by the pandemic by means of the correct knowledge and skills to remain resilient. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme. To reach this aim, the programme was evaluated by means of two articles. The first article ascertains the nature and content of the REds programme. This article gives an overview of the group work process, the method of how this programme was presented, as well as a thorough explanation of the content of each session. The second article evaluates the programme as a whole by means of the results obtained from the study. Within this article, data obtained from quantitative and qualitative measuring instruments are discussed. From results obtained it was clear that this programme can be a powerful tool to support educators affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Educators are affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic in many different ways. At this stage, most people are focusing on how to support people that are infected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The youth of South Africa are in the hands of these educators that are struggling under the effects of this pandemic. The Resilient Educators (REds) programme was especially created to support educators that have been affected by the pandemic by means of the correct knowledge and skills to remain resilient. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme. To reach this aim, the programme was evaluated by means of two articles. The first article ascertains the nature and content of the REds programme. This article gives an overview of the group work process, the method of how this programme was presented, as well as a thorough explanation of the content of each session. The second article evaluates the programme as a whole by means of the results obtained from the study. Within this article, data obtained from quantitative and qualitative measuring instruments are discussed. From results obtained it was clear that this programme can be a powerful tool to support educators affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The sources of natural or virgin coarse aggregates are diminishing in alarming rate and its production is quite expensive, uses a lot of energy, and is not environmental friendly. Hence, utilizing the recycled aggregates like reclaimed or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) on road pavement will not only preserve the natural aggregates but also reduce the negative environmental impact. It also helps to conserve the waste landfill sites. The major downside for the use of the recycled aggregate is the quality control during its production. This research characterizes RCA samples obtained from a demolished old foundation and RAP samples from old parking lot and determines their suitability as road pavement materials. Virgin aggregates, recycled aggregates, and several blended mixtures with 20 to 80% replacement of natural coarse aggregate or virgin aggregate (NCA or VA) by weight with RCA and RAP were prepared and tested for resilient modulus (Mr) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The durability of the virgin aggregate and recycled aggregate were also determined by micro-deval test. The resilient modulus value of 100% RCA and 100% VA was found to be very similar or higher but for 100% RAP the resilient modulus is higher than that of the 100%VA. The Resilient modulus of the RAP blended mixtures increases with the increase in the content of RAP percentage and for the RCA it was not consistent. The CBR values for the blended mixtures decreases with the increase in the percentage of the recycled aggregates. The micro-deval degradation test result for RCA was more than of VA due to presence adhere materials in RCA.

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Yes / Objectives: A novel model of resilience was tested in caregivers of people with mild-to-moderate dementia and was extended to explore whether including self-efficacy, optimism, and self-esteem improved its predictive value. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Data from the IDEAL cohort were used. Participants: The study comprised 1222 caregivers of people with dementia. Measurements: A composite resilience score was calculated from five measures. Multivariable regressions were used to investigate factors associated with resilience. Results: Greater resilience was associated with being older, being male, and caregiving for older people with dementia. Greater resilience was also observed when people with dementia had fewer functional difficulties and/or fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms, there was a stronger dyadic relationship, and the caregiver had fewer social restrictions, less neuroticism, and greater perceived competence. Surprisingly, caregiver self-efficacy, optimism, and self-esteem were unrelated to resilience. Conclusion: Caregivers of people with mild-to-moderate dementia generally scored well for resilience. Resilience was associated with both the personal characteristics of caregivers and level of care need among people with dementia. Future work is needed to determine whether the caregivers in this cohort appeared resilient because the care recipients had relatively low care needs and consequently placed fewer demands on caregiver well-being than would be the case where dementia is more advanced. / Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) through grant ES/L001853/2. Alzheimer's Society, grant number 348, AS-PR2-16-001.

Resilient moduli of different surface mixes placed at the Virginia Smart Road were determined. Testing was performed on Field cores (F/F) and laboratory-compacted plant mixed (F/L), laboratory mixed and compacted per field design (L/L), and laboratory designed, mixed, and compacted (D/L) specimens. The applied load was chosen to induce a strain ranging between 150 and 500 microstrains. Two sizes of laboratory compacted specimens (100-mm in diameter and 62.5-mm-thick and 150-mm in diameter and 76.5-mm-thick) were tested to investigate the effect of specimen size on the resilient modulus. At 5°C, the measured resilient moduli for both specimen sizes were similar. However, the specimen size has an effect on the measured resilient modulus at 25 and 40°C, with larger specimens having lower resilient modulus. At 5°C, HMA behaves as an elastic material; correcting for the specimen size using Roque and Buttlar's correction factors is applicable. However, at higher temperatures, HMA behavior becomes relatively more viscous. Hence, erroneous resilient modulus values could result when elastic analysis is used. In addition, due to difference in relative thickness between the 100- and 150-mm diameter specimens, the viscous flow at high temperature may be different. In general, both specimen sizes showed the same variation in measurements. Resilient modulus results obtained from F/L specimens were consistently higher than those obtained from F/F specimens. This could be due to the difference in the volumetric properties of both mixes; where F/F specimens had greater air voids content than F/L specimens. A compaction shift factor of 1.45 to 1.50 between the F/F and F/L specimens was introduced. The load was found to have no effect on resilient modulus under the conditions investigated. However, the resilient modulus was affected by the load pulse duration. The testing was performed at a 0.1s and 0.03s load pulses. The resilient modulus increased with the decrease of the load pulse duration at temperatures of 25°C and 40°C, while it increased at 5°C. This could be due to the difference in specimen conditioning performed at the two different load pulses. Finally, a model to predict HMA resilient modulus from HMA volumetric properties was developed. The model was tested for its fitting as well as predicting capabilities. The average variability between the measured and predicted resilient moduli was comparable to the average variability within the measured resilient moduli. / Master of Science

Resilient modulus is an important property for asphalt concrete design and for mechanistic analysis of pavement response under traffic loading. This study investigates the different factors affecting the resilient modulus of hot mix asphalt. A fractional factorial design of experiment was carried out to investigate six factors each factor was studied at two levels. These factors are: the maximum nominal aggregate size, specimen diameter and thickness, the load pulse form and duration, and the compaction method. Two types of hot mix asphalts with different maximum aggregate sizes (10 mm and 14 mm) were studied. Gyratory and Marshall compaction methods were used to prepare the specimens. Sinusoidal and triangular load pulse forms were used in the measurement of the resilient modulus. This study attempts to examine how the different factors interrelate to affect the resilient modulus. In addition to this, two other investigations will be carried out. The first is the comparison of the strain backcalculated using the resilient modulus test results with the strain measured using strain gages and strain values obtained from finite element modelling (FEM), and determine whether the FEM or the closed form equation is the more accurate method for determining strain. The second is the investigation of the relationship between the flexural, complex and resilient modulus. Analysis of the factorial experimental design showed that the maximum nominal aggregate size is the most important factor affecting the resilient modulus, followed by the load duration, the specimen geometry represented by the thickness and diameter then the interactions between the different factors. The strain comparison suggested that the closed form equations were indeed a suitable approach to determine maximum horizontal strain during a resilient modulus test. The modulus comparison suggested that it is possible to predict either resilient, complex and flexural modulus given that only one of them is known, but only for AC10 specimens.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Blake Belanger / Resilience in social-ecological systems, defined by ecologist C.S. Holling (1973), is the persistence of systems after a disturbance. This theory of resilience is becoming increasingly important, especially in urban areas where human systems dominate. Therefore, creating resilient social-ecological systems is emerging as a focus for many landscape architects when designing urban landscapes. Researchers and practitioners have created frameworks and strategies for applying resilience theory, but designers are still lacking tangible methods they can use to implement design strategies to create resilient landscapes. This research presents a set of resilient design strategies, so landscape architects can have a tool to design generally resilient social-ecological systems in urban areas. In order to discover strategies which improve system resilience, I conducted a literature review and created a perceptual model of the social-ecological systems operating in the study site, Washington Square Park in Kansas City, Missouri. The perceptual model determined systems and system components I focused on in this research. These systems are soil, water, vegetation, fauna, and people. Strategies suggested by Jack Ahern (2011), Brian Walker and David Salt (2006), and Kevin Cunningham (2013) for creating resilience determined strategies which were applied to the system components in order to evaluate the park for resilience. The strategies suggested are modularity, redundancy, tight feedbacks, and ecosystem services. In addition, the system components and strategies were used to analyze case studies. I used strategies discovered in the case study analyses along with goals for the redesign of Washington Square Park, discovered by analyzing the site and previous park documents, to create the guidelines. I then used the guidelines to create a design proposal for the park. The current state of the system components in the park and the proposed state from the redesign were used to show the guidelines’ success in increasing the general resilience of Washington Square Park. These guidelines have potential to increase resilience in other urban civic spaces through a similar methodology I used for Washington Square Park. In addition, the guidelines have the potential to further research in applying resilience theory to the design of landscapes.

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Masters in Education at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 30 June 2015 / This study explores the role of the principal as an instructional leader in two successful township primary schools in challenging circumstances. It examines instructional strategies used by principals of the two schools that may account for high levels of learner achievement and explores how these successful leaders deploy leadership styles and management approaches to deal with prevailing challenging circumstances that affect their schools academically and other spheres of governance and management. Sixteen participants were involved including 2 principals, 4 Heads of department (HODs), 4 educators, 4 parents from the two schools and 2 district officials under who both schools account. Using qualitative approaches, triangulation of data was achieved through semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. The study found that the key instructional leadership approaches used by these principals were promoting teamwork, active participation, collective decision making, sharing of responsibilities, collaboration/collegiality and distribution of tasks amongst multiple leaders or people. The claims made by the principals were corroborated by educators, parents, members of the School Management Team (SMT) and district management teams. Data also indicated that the principals relied on a combination of different leadership styles and efficient and effective management approaches with their subordinates to garner the enthusiastic implementation of instructional approaches which are claimed to yield good learner outcomes in Annual National Assessment (ANA) tests. The study suggests that there might be a strong link between leadership styles and management approaches on one hand and learner performance on the other. Further, the data suggests that the application of appropriate management systems and relevant leadership styles can contribute to institutional resilience against the prevailing challenges which tend to depress performance in many schools in similar circumstances. The findings of the study have several important implications including:  Schools as organisations require the collective effort of all stakeholders in order to achieve their objectives or goals.  That ‘one size fits all’ form of leadership has no place in different environments but that more often than not, a combination of different leadership styles and management approaches should be explored in an attempt to realize a common vision of an organisation. The study makes specific recommendations for a more broad based research agenda to examine factors which contribute to resilience and success in schools operating in challenging circumstances. It also calls for more contextualised studies in specific schools to explore the leadership forms that have greatest potential for delivering better learning outcomes in schools facing challenging circumstances.

Typical material used by the Tennessee Department of Transportation for highway bases was evaluated for application to the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Two types of granular Tennessee highway base material were mixed with different stabilizers and tested in the lab according to AASHTO T-307 99 (2003). Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were also done in an effort to correlate these results with resilient modulus. Three different combinations of base and stabilizer were tested and modeling coefficients were produced. Base structural layer coefficients were generated and compared to coefficients currently in use by TDOT.