In this study, coal combustion by-products mainly fly ash, commercial fibers and a natural fiber i.e., human hair were applied to stabilize the kaolinite clay and local Carbondale soil i.e., silty clay. During recent decades, the demand for infrastructures such as highways, buildings, bridges have greatly increased, especially in the areas where population was growing rapidly. All of these infrastructures need a stable foundation and in many cases the original land couldn't sustain the load from the infrastructures. In such situation, soil stabilization becomes an essential step before the foundation is laid. There are several ways to stabilize soil, viz., mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, stabilization by inclusion and confinement etc. It has been reported by several researchers that fly ash and fibers can significantly improve the strength of soil. Fly ash and natural fiber i.e., human hair are both waste materials, and commercial fibers are low-cost compared to other soil stabilizers. In this study, class C fly ash was used to stabilize commercially available clay i.e., Kaolinite; while both human hair and commercially available fibers (e.g., glass fiber and plastic fiber) were used to stabilize Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. Based on this research, it could be concluded that the class C fly ash can improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of Kaolinite clay significantly; fibers also could increase the UCS value of both Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. While, the tensile strength of Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil sometimes increases or decreases depending on the percentages of fiber content used into Kaolinite and Carbondale local soil. The current research on soil stabilization by fly ash and those fibers may provide a new possibility for soil stabilization.

Typical material used by the Tennessee Department of Transportation for highway bases was evaluated for application to the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Two types of granular Tennessee highway base material were mixed with different stabilizers and tested in the lab according to AASHTO T-307 99 (2003). Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were also done in an effort to correlate these results with resilient modulus. Three different combinations of base and stabilizer were tested and modeling coefficients were produced. Base structural layer coefficients were generated and compared to coefficients currently in use by TDOT.

Typical material used by the Tennessee Department of Transportation for highway bases was evaluated for application to the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Two types of granular Tennessee highway base material were mixed with different stabilizers and tested in the lab according to AASHTO T-307 99 (2003). Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were also done in an effort to correlate these results with resilient modulus. Three different combinations of base and stabilizer were tested and modeling coefficients were produced. Base structural layer coefficients were generated and compared to coefficients currently in use by TDOT.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000437555-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 3403973 bytes, checksum: 6dc7d86a8fb80105f890913ff00b1eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This study analyzes the history of Universidade de Caxias do Sul, located at Rio Grande do Sul, between the years of 1950, decade of the creation of the first higher education classes on the city of Caxias do Sul, and 2002, end of the management characterized by the regionalization of the university. The history of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul associate at the higher education in the Brazil, here constructed, was possible through of search, selection and analysis of documents, oral speaks, periodic that saves aspects of memory and the history of Institution, of region, and country. The documents stored at CEDOC/UCS and those given by the Pró-Reitoria Acadêmica are used as source of research, as well as the bibliography relative to the high education in Brazil, in Caxias do Sul and in the region. The study used interviews with professors Jayme Paviani and José Clemente Pozenato, as representatives of the researchers group that, since the university creation, in 1967, helped to think and build it. Using the newspapers, it was possible to establish dialogues with the regional society and understand aspects of the politics, economy and culture.The Revista CHRONOS, used as interpretative source of the thinking and building of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul, between 1967, when the first edition was published and 2007, when the last one was, following the context of creation, consolidation and crisis of the university. The study reflects over the community and regional university, in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, having been the first university in the mountains region, with a pattern reminds of the need of reflect over the many kinds of the high education in Brazil and its importance on the many contexts and scenarios. The work is part of Cultural History in studies in dialogue with the History of Education, related to micro-history, when one considers the institution and at the same time, the macro-history as it relates to higher education presence in Brazil and worldwide. The theoretical framework of qualitative research and the possibility of greater flexibility of the interdisciplinary study where history and education, higher education and regional society, intersect, constituted the work.The research pointes that the history of the University of Caxias do Sul is inserted on the economic, social, cultural context of the country and mountain region of Rio Grande do Sul, whose characteristics allow regional and community and allow the 12 institution to develop teaching, research and extension with the look globalized and regional roots. The work does not provide an unequivocal truth, but problematizes the present and the future of the University of Caxias do Sul in the region, as an Institution of Higher Education, establishing permanent dialogue with the community in a context of different forms of IES and has, since the beginning with the internal community‟s collective, teachers of core thinking, and external: the Catholic Church, Group Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, Sisters of the order of St. Joseph, city of Caxias do Sul, State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal Government, entrepreneurs in the process of consolidation and that allowed its configuration as one of largest IES in the State. / O estudo analisa a história da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 1950, década de criação dos primeiros cursos superiores na cidade de Caxias do Sul, e 2002, final da gestão que marcou a regionalização da Universidade. A história da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, associada a do ensino superior no Brasil, aqui construída, foi possível através da coleta, seleção e análise de documentos, de relatos orais, de periódicos que guardam aspectos da memória e da história da Instituição, da região e do País. Os documentos depositados no CEDOC/UCS e os disponibilizados pela Pró-Reitoria Acadêmica são utilizados como fonte de pesquisa, assim como a bibliografia concernente ao ensino superior no Brasil, à cidade de Caxias do Sul e à região. As entrevistas com os professores Jayme Paviani e José Clemente Pozenato, como representantes do grupo de professores que, desde a criação da Universidade, em 1967, ajudaram a elaborar e construir a mesma; significaram a memória da Universidade a partir de suas percepções pessoais sobre o tema. Através da pesquisa em periódicos da região foi possível estabelecer diálogos com a sociedade e perceber aspectos da política, economia e cultura.A Revista CHRONOS foi utilizada como fonte interpretativa do pensar a Universidade de Caxias do Sul, no período de 1967 e 2007, anos de publicação do primeiro e último volume, acompanhando o contexto de criação, consolidação e crises da universidade. O estudo reflete sobre a universidade comunitária e regional, no interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo sido a primeira universidade na região serrana, cujo modelo retoma a necessidade de refletir sobre as diversas modalidades do ensino superior brasileiro e sua importância nos variados contextos. O trabalho se insere nos estudos da História Cultural dialogando com a História da Educação, relacionado à micro-história, quando considera uma instituição e, ao mesmo tempo, da macro-história quando relacionado ao ensino superior presente no Brasil e no mundo. O referencial teórico da pesquisa qualitativa e a possibilidade de maior flexibilidade do estudo interdisciplinar onde história e educação, ensino superior e sociedade regional, se entrecruzam, constituíram o trabalho. A pesquisa apontou que a história da Universidade de Caxias do Sul está inserida no contexto econômico, social, cultural do país e da 10 região serrana do Rio Grande do Sul, cujas características regional e comunitária permitiram e permitem que a Instituição desenvolva atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão com o olhar globalizado e com raízes regionais.O trabalho não traz uma verdade inequívoca, mas problematiza o presente e o futuro da Universidade de Caxias do Sul na região, como Instituição de Ensino Superior, que estabelece com a comunidade diálogos permanentes em um contexto de formas diversas de IES e que contou, desde o início, com coletivos da comunidade interna, professores do grupo pensante, e externa: Igreja Católica, Grupo Hospital Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Irmãs da Ordem de São José, Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Governo Federal, empresários em seu processo de consolidação e que permitiram a sua configuração como uma das maiores IES do Estado.

The current mining method in Zinkgruvan today is underhand stoping. With this method the ore is mined downwards in disks. When the ore is extracted the stope is backfilled with paste which contains tailings, cement and water. The paste will constitute the ceiling in lower levels and are therefore vital for the safety and the requirements of the strength. The goal of this thesis is to increase knowledge about the paste’s strength after the usual tests within 28 days. Test objects are taken from two different paste’s in Burkland and Nygruvan and compares with old data from the same sights. Besides the test objects that are taken from the mine there are also some studys on the literature with consideration on mine backfill in other mines using a similar mining method. By interviewing experts at Zinkgruvan increased knowledge is acquired about the production and the company. By the results an indication is given regarding the possibility of optimizing the paste containing eight percent cement to a lower amount in order to reduce costs. The results shows that the paste increases in strength after standard testing within 28 days.

Geóloga / Éste estudio se desarrolló a partir de la necesidad de caracterizar el macizo rocoso del proyecto Caracoles, yacimiento tipo pórfido cuprífero, el cual se ubica en el distrito Centinela perteneciente a la comuna de Sierra Gorda en la región de Antofagasta. El objetivo de ésta investigación se basó en la elaboración de un modelo de unidades lito-geotécnicas del proyecto, mediante datos geotécnicos y geológicos. Para realizar la confección descrita anteriormente se efectuaron las siguientes tareas: Estándares de mapeo geotécnico, compilación de la información en una base de datos, validación de la información existente y mediante el análisis de datos, la posterior caracterización geotécnica de cada litología. De esta forma se lograron reconocer distintas poblaciones de datos con una continuidad espacial y una base geológica que explica éstas diferencias. Como resultado de este proceso, se concluyó que la distribución espacial de la resistencia de la roca se ve seriamente afectada por: la Zona de Óxidos y la Falla Roja. Dicho de otro modo, la roca expuesta a estos procesos disminuirá considerablemente su resistencia. A partir de lo anterior se interpretó un sistema paralelo a la Falla Roja, ubicada en la zona de baja resistencia (al este de la Falla Roja) la cual muestra una intensa alteración argílica y zonas de cizalle. Finalmente, se realizó el modelamiento de unidades lito-geotécnicas con su respectiva caracterización en cuento a resistencia UCS, parámetros RQD y RMR.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:23:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437555.pdf: 3403973 bytes, checksum: 6dc7d86a8fb80105f890913ff00b1eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-20 / This study analyzes the history of Universidade de Caxias do Sul, located at Rio Grande do Sul, between the years of 1950, decade of the creation of the first higher education classes on the city of Caxias do Sul, and 2002, end of the management characterized by the regionalization of the university. The history of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul associate at the higher education in the Brazil, here constructed, was possible through of search, selection and analysis of documents, oral speaks, periodic that saves aspects of memory and the history of Institution, of region, and country. The documents stored at CEDOC/UCS and those given by the Pr?-Reitoria Acad?mica are used as source of research, as well as the bibliography relative to the high education in Brazil, in Caxias do Sul and in the region. The study used interviews with professors Jayme Paviani and Jos? Clemente Pozenato, as representatives of the researchers group that, since the university creation, in 1967, helped to think and build it. Using the newspapers, it was possible to establish dialogues with the regional society and understand aspects of the politics, economy and culture. The Revista CHRONOS, used as interpretative source of the thinking and building of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul, between 1967, when the first edition was published and 2007, when the last one was, following the context of creation, consolidation and crisis of the university. The study reflects over the community and regional university, in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, having been the first university in the mountains region, with a pattern reminds of the need of reflect over the many kinds of the high education in Brazil and its importance on the many contexts and scenarios. The work is part of Cultural History in studies in dialogue with the History of Education, related to micro-history, when one considers the institution and at the same time, the macro-history as it relates to higher education presence in Brazil and worldwide. The theoretical framework of qualitative research and the possibility of greater flexibility of the interdisciplinary study where history and education, higher education and regional society, intersect, constituted the work. The research pointes that the history of the University of Caxias do Sul is inserted on the economic, social, cultural context of the country and mountain region of Rio Grande do Sul, whose characteristics allow regional and community and allow the 12 institution to develop teaching, research and extension with the look globalized and regional roots. The work does not provide an unequivocal truth, but problematizes the present and the future of the University of Caxias do Sul in the region, as an Institution of Higher Education, establishing permanent dialogue with the community in a context of different forms of IES and has, since the beginning with the internal community‟s collective, teachers of core thinking, and external: the Catholic Church, Group Our Lady of Fatima Hospital, Sisters of the order of St. Joseph, city of Caxias do Sul, State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal Government, entrepreneurs in the process of consolidation and that allowed its configuration as one of largest IES in the State. / O estudo analisa a hist?ria da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 1950, d?cada de cria??o dos primeiros cursos superiores na cidade de Caxias do Sul, e 2002, final da gest?o que marcou a regionaliza??o da Universidade. A hist?ria da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, associada a do ensino superior no Brasil, aqui constru?da, foi poss?vel atrav?s da coleta, sele??o e an?lise de documentos, de relatos orais, de peri?dicos que guardam aspectos da mem?ria e da hist?ria da Institui??o, da regi?o e do Pa?s. Os documentos depositados no CEDOC/UCS e os disponibilizados pela Pr?-Reitoria Acad?mica s?o utilizados como fonte de pesquisa, assim como a bibliografia concernente ao ensino superior no Brasil, ? cidade de Caxias do Sul e ? regi?o. As entrevistas com os professores Jayme Paviani e Jos? Clemente Pozenato, como representantes do grupo de professores que, desde a cria??o da Universidade, em 1967, ajudaram a elaborar e construir a mesma; significaram a mem?ria da Universidade a partir de suas percep??es pessoais sobre o tema. Atrav?s da pesquisa em peri?dicos da regi?o foi poss?vel estabelecer di?logos com a sociedade e perceber aspectos da pol?tica, economia e cultura. A Revista CHRONOS foi utilizada como fonte interpretativa do pensar a Universidade de Caxias do Sul, no per?odo de 1967 e 2007, anos de publica??o do primeiro e ?ltimo volume, acompanhando o contexto de cria??o, consolida??o e crises da universidade. O estudo reflete sobre a universidade comunit?ria e regional, no interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo sido a primeira universidade na regi?o serrana, cujo modelo retoma a necessidade de refletir sobre as diversas modalidades do ensino superior brasileiro e sua import?ncia nos variados contextos. O trabalho se insere nos estudos da Hist?ria Cultural dialogando com a Hist?ria da Educa??o, relacionado ? micro-hist?ria, quando considera uma institui??o e, ao mesmo tempo, da macro-hist?ria quando relacionado ao ensino superior presente no Brasil e no mundo. O referencial te?rico da pesquisa qualitativa e a possibilidade de maior flexibilidade do estudo interdisciplinar onde hist?ria e educa??o, ensino superior e sociedade regional, se entrecruzam, constitu?ram o trabalho. A pesquisa apontou que a hist?ria da Universidade de Caxias do Sul est? inserida no contexto econ?mico, social, cultural do pa?s e da 10 regi?o serrana do Rio Grande do Sul, cujas caracter?sticas regional e comunit?ria permitiram e permitem que a Institui??o desenvolva atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o com o olhar globalizado e com ra?zes regionais. O trabalho n?o traz uma verdade inequ?voca, mas problematiza o presente e o futuro da Universidade de Caxias do Sul na regi?o, como Institui??o de Ensino Superior, que estabelece com a comunidade di?logos permanentes em um contexto de formas diversas de IES e que contou, desde o in?cio, com coletivos da comunidade interna, professores do grupo pensante, e externa: Igreja Cat?lica, Grupo Hospital Nossa Senhora de F?tima, Irm?s da Ordem de S?o Jos?, Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Governo Federal, empres?rios em seu processo de consolida??o e que permitiram a sua configura??o como uma das maiores IES do Estado.

Due to an increasing amount of aging tendencies in Swedish embankment dams, failures such as internal erosion has become a more common problem. Internal erosion is a phenomenon where certain soil material within the embankment dam is removed, often over a longer period of time. It is most common to occur at the inner core of the dam, and if it is allowed to continue for a longer time period the consequences can be disastrous. During the internal erosion, the inner material is washed out, creating larger voids and lowering the geotechnical stability of the dam. When larger voids start to appear, the seepage will increase allowing more material to be washed out and accelerating the process.  In order to repair an embankment dam, exposed to inner erosion, it requires both the location of the faults as well as a suitable method of repairing. A method to repair internal erosion is by using grout and injecting it into the location of the fault. The knowledge regarding what type of grout and how it should be treated is today lacking.  There are reasons to believe that a hardening mixture within an embankment dam using a till core will not cooperate well. For that reason, a grout with non-hardening properties is of interest. this thesis focuses on the Geomechanical strength parameters of two similar experimental non-hardening grouts. One with maximum grain size of 2 mm referred as grout 0/2, and one with maximum grain size of 4 mm, referred to as grout 0/4. The grouts consist of natural aggregates, calcium carbonate, water, bentonite, superplasticizer and defoamer.   The grouts are evaluated by its undrained shear strength, water content, bulk- and dry density using fall cone tests and uniaxial compressive strength tests. To evaluate the grouts angle of friction and angle of dilatancy together with young’s modulus, consolidated, drained triaxial tests were performed. Three tests with different consolidation pressures (50, 150 and 300 kPa) were performed for each grout. Since the grout will gain strength with time, the tests have been performed after certain number of days in order to see the development of the grouts. The laboratories stretch from 0 to 112 days since the time of mixing the grout, and was performed at Luleå University of technology.  Fall cone tests showed that the grout should most likely be mixed on site and left unstirred. Continuously stirring the grout quickly removed the grouts flowability which is why longer transportation should be avoided. At the same time, the accuracy of the grouts mixing is very demanding which needs to be taken into consideration.  Triaxial tests showed that the grout 0/2 had dilatant behavior for 50 and 150 kPa consolidation pressure while 300 kPa showed contractive behavior. The grout 0/4 had dilatant behavior for 50 kPa consolidation pressure while 150 and 300 kPa showed contractive behavior. A theory to explain this behavior was constructed where the bentonite is believed to be behind it. Bentonite slurries behave as a Bingham fluid, where it requires a certain amount of shear stress for the fluid to start to flow. With the same reasoning, the low consolidation pressures do not exceed that threshold, resulting in dilatant behavior. But once that threshold is surpassed the grout starts to contract. In addition, flow curve tests were performed for additives, superplasticizer and defoamer. Both these substances showed Newtonian behavior which leaves Bentonite to be the only additive with Binghamian behavior. / På grund av en ökad mängd med föråldrandetendenser hos svenska jordfyllningsdammar har brott så som inre erosion blivit ett alltmer vanligt problem. Inre erosion är ett fenomen där en viss jord inom jordfyllningsdammen är avlägsnad, generellt över en längre tidsperiod. Oftast inträffar detta vid den inre damkärnan och om erosionen är tillåten att fortskrida sig över en längre period kan konsekvenserna bli förödande. Inre erosion fungerar så att jordmaterial tvättas ut vilket skapar hålutrymmen och minskar den geotekniska hållfastheten för dammen. När större hålutrymmen bildats ökar läckaget som i sin tur tillåter mer material att bli urtvättat och processen blir accelererad. För att kunna reparera en jordfyllningsdam, utsatt för inre erosion, krävs både att platsen för brottet och metoden för att reparera är kända. En metod för att reparera inre erosion är genom att använda injektering och injektera hålutrymmet. Dock är kunskapen gällande vad för typ av injektering och hur den ska hanteras icke existerande i dagsläget. Det finns anledning att tro att ett härdande bruk inom en jordfyllningsdam, med en moränkärna, inte kommer samarbeta särskilt bra. På grund av det har ett bruk med icke-härdande egenskaper undersökt. Den här uppsatsen fokuserar på de geotekniska hållfasthetsegenskaperna för två liknande experimentella icke-härdande bruk. Ett med maximal kornstorlek på 2 mm benämnd som bruk 0/2 och ett med maximal kornstorlek på 4 mm, benämnd som bruk 0/4. Bruket består av natursand, kalciumkarbonat, vatten, bentonit, mjukgöringsmedel och skumdämpare. Bruken är utvärderade genom deras odränerade skjuvhållfasthet, vattenkvot, skrym- och torrdensiteten som har tagits fram från fallkorns-test och enaxiella trycktest (UCS).  För att utvärdera brukens friktionsvinkel och dilationsvinkel tillsammans med styvheten (initiella och 50 %) har konsoliderat, dränerat triaxiala tests utförts. Tre test med varierande konsolideringstryck (50, 150 och 300 kPa) har utförts för båda bruken. I och med att brukens hållfasthet kommer att öka med tiden, har testerna utförts efter ett visst antal dagar, för att se hur utvecklingen ser ut. Laborationerna har sträckt sig från 0 till 112 dagar sedan det att bruken har blandats, och utfördes vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Fallkornstesten visade att bruken bör med största sannolikhet blandas på arbetsplatsen och därefter förbli orörda. Kontinuerlig omrörning visade sig frånta brukens flytförmåga, vilket också är anledning till varför längre transporter bör undvikas. Samtidigt så är noggrannheten vid brukens blandning krävande vilket bör tas i beaktning. De triaxiala tester visade att bruk 0/2 visade ett dilatant beteende för både 50 och 150 kPa konsolideringstryck medan 300 kPa hade ett kontrakterande beteende. Bruket 0/4 hade dilatant beteende för 50 kPa konsolideringstryck medan 150 och 300 kPa visade kontrakterande beteende. En teori för att förklara detta beteende togs fram där bentoniten är den troliga orsaken. Bentonitblandningar (bentonite slurry) beter sig som en Bingham-vätska, där det krävs en viss mängd skjuvspänning för att få vätskan att börja flyta. Med samma resonemang applicerade på bruken innebar det att de låga konsolideringstrycken inte översteg tröskelvärdet, vilket resulterade i ett dilatant beteende. Däremot, när tröskelvärdet väl är överstiget börjar bruket att kontraktera istället. Det gjordes även flödestester på tillsatsmedlen, mjukgöringsmedel och skumdämpare. Testerna visade att båda medel betedde sig Newtoniskt, vilket lämnar bentoniten som det enda tillsatsmedlet med Bingham-beteende.

No description available.

Deep Mixing involves the introduction of cementitious or specially formulated solutions directly into the ground through the use of purpose built blending injection augers. The system is mainly designed to increase strength and reduce compressibility of treated soil. In the first stage of the research effective mixture ratios and mixture types of stabilizing agents were investigated for soft clays (CL form Eymir lake and kaolinite) by means of unconfined compression (UC) tests on stabilized soils. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values were obtained for 7,28,90 and 365 days of curing time. The ratio of elastic modulus at 50% failure load (E50) to (UCS) of the stabilizing agents were also investigated. In the second part of the research programme, deep mixed model columns with the three column materials and four different column spacings are formed within the large scale consolidation tanks, and the consolidation characteristics of deep mixed improved clay were investigated. Based on the results of large scale consolidation tests on deep mixed columnar improved soft clay, compressibility characteristics of improved soft clay were determined in relation to spacing of columns namely, effective replacement ratio and binder content. The cement content (also UCS) of the column material was found to be the most important parameter for the improvement effects of DMM applications. Validity of the relations for the estimation of bulk compression modulus of soilcrete were discussed. The use of constrained modulus of the soil and the column material were found to be effective in predicting the compression modulus of the soilcrete. Settlement reduction factor versus replacement ratio and cement content relations were determined which may be used for preliminary design works. The stresses on the soil and the columns were backcalculated from the settlement values. The stress ratios were obtained.