Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-11-22T11:04:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 maraisaaparecidapintoresende.pdf: 6162684 bytes, checksum: 81f875f5effd371befe15f0ee40da393 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T12:58:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maraisaaparecidapintoresende.pdf: 6162684 bytes, checksum: 81f875f5effd371befe15f0ee40da393 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T12:58:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maraisaaparecidapintoresende.pdf: 6162684 bytes, checksum: 81f875f5effd371befe15f0ee40da393 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste estudo clínico controlado randomizado microtomográfico foi comparar a qualidade óssea entre dois métodos diferentes de preservação do rebordo alveolar e avaliar as estabilidades primária e secundária dos implantes instalados nessas regiões. Vinte pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de tratamento após uma única extração dentária. Dez alvéolos foram enxertados com fosfato de cálcio bifásico (SBC, n = 10) associado a um retalho de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial pediculado para o fechamento primário. Dez alvéolos foram selados com uma restauração provisória de pôntico ovóide (PROV, n = 10) sem material de enxertia. Após 12 meses, 9 pacientes perderam-se no acompanhamento e 11 pacientes receberam implantes dentários. As biópsias ósseas foram avaliadas por microtomografia computadorizada (8 μm), quanto às características do osso trabecular. Valores de torque de inserção (ITV) e quociente inicial de estabilidade do implante (ISQI) foram registrados no momento da instalação dos implantes. O ISQ também foi registrado aos 7 dias, 30 dias e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Todos os onze pacientes tiveram os implantes osseointegrados sem intercorrências. O grupo PROV apresentou trabéculas mais espessas (0,17 ± 0,03) em relação ao grupo SBC (0,11 ± 0,03) (p = 0,03). O osso trabecular foi mais anisotrópico em PROV (0,3 ± 0,08) comparado com SBC (0,1 ± 0,07) (p = 0,01). O grupo PROV apresentou menor superfície óssea (26,02 ± 10,36) que o grupo SBC (40,09 ± 10,94) (p = 0,05). Além disso, o PROV apresentou ISQ inicial mais alto (72,3 ± 21) em comparação com o SBC (67 ± 3,9) (p = 0,05). O osso trabecular revelou diferenças na microarquitetura entre os dois métodos de preservação do rebordo alveolar e ambos os métodos foram satisfatórios para a instalação do implante e resultaram em altos valores de ITV e ISQ. / This randomized controlled clinical microtomographic trial aimed to compare the bone quality between two different methods of alveolar ridge preservation and to evaluate the primary and secondary implant stability. Twenty patients were randomly divided into two groups following a single tooth extraction: SBC group (n=10), sockets were grafted with alloplastic biphasic calcium phosphate and a pedicle subepithelial connective tissue flap was used for primary closure; and PROV group (n=10), sockets were sealed with an ovate pontic provisional restoration. After 12 months, 11 patients received dental implants, with nine patients lost to follow-up. Bone biopsies were evaluated by microcomputed-tomography (8 μm) to determine cancellous bone characteristics. Insertion torque values (ITV) and initial implant stability quotient (ISQI) were recorded at installation. The ISQ was also recorded 7, 30 and 60 days after the implant was installed. All implants showed uneventful osseointegration. The PROV group presented thicker trabeculae (0.17±0.03) compared to the SBC group (0.11±0.03; p 0.03). Trabeculae bone was more anisotropic in the PROV group (0.3±0.08) compared with the SBC group (0.1±0.07; p 0.01). The PROV group presented less bone surface (26.02±10.36) than the SBC group (40.09±10.94; p 0.05). Also, PROV showed higher ISQI (72.3±21) than SBC (67±3.9; p 0.05). The characteristics of the trabecular bone differed between the two alveolar ridge preservation methods and the both preservation methods gave satisfactory results with regard to implant placement, and both resulted in high values for ITV and ISQ.

The main purpose of this research was to develop improved methods for RF coil characterisation, and for non-invasive spatio-temporal mapping of temperature in the living body, in order to utilise the full potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at high magnetic fields by ensuring radiofrequency (RF) safety. Current RF power limits are often overly conservative, unnecessarily limiting the full potential of MRI, especially at high field. Thus it is useful to monitor tissue temperature while running MR imaging sequences which may deposit high RF power. Proton resonance frequency (PRF) MR thermometry can employ the phase of the complex MR signal to estimate temperature change over time. However, the shift of the water PRF with temperature is relatively small, making phase-based MR thermometry inherently sensitive to any extraneously caused changes of local frequency or MR phase. A potential source of error to PRF MR thermometry is a change in surround air susceptibility. The considerable impact of air susceptibility changes on PRF MR thermometry was demonstrated and quantified in experiments and magnetic field simulations. One way of correcting MR thermometry is to use a chemically shifted reference substance, in combination with a phase-sensitive chemical shift-selective MR thermometry sequence. The requirement of having a reliable separation of substances based on their resonance frequency was met by a novel frequency-selective phase-sensitive spin-echo (SE) MR thermometry sequence. This sequence was thoroughly tested in phantom and in-vivo experiments as well as in extensive Bloch simulations. The sequence limitations and advantages are discussed in detail. This technique acquires unsaturated water and fat images in rapid succession at the same position in space. The acquisition of a water and fat slice in less than 100 ms allows the correction of rapid field fluctuations in the brain caused by breathing and heartbeat, while still ensuring the correction of long term drift. With no assumptions required regarding temperature distribution in the tissue, this novel MR thermometry technique can measure brain temperature within a single (1.5 mm)3 voxel with a very low standard deviation (SD) of 0.3 K. Using an MRI phantom with a dimethyl sulfoxide reference, heating experiments achieved a MR temperature measurement with an SD of approximately 0.1 K in a single (1.5 mm)3 voxel. In conclusion, the work presented in this thesis assists the development of a real-time in-vivo temperature monitoring system that guarantees patient RF safety at high field.

The investment of space commerce is skyrocketing and it is predicted to be a nascent business in the future. The spacecraft demand has been growing not only for NASA and other space agency’s mission but also collaboration business between small space industries, academia, and scientific community. This glimpse brought an interest to a new investor, government, military, and manufacturing company to deliver their objectives efficiently. Nowadays, many startups compete embracing innovation and pioneering the novelty of space project beyond prodigious vision in an unprecedented way. Many players foresee that decreasing size of the rocket is an important key to survive and succeed in the space business. One of the efficient acts is lowering the launch cost. This can be achieved by designing a small size, lightweight and affordable spacecraft. Within this context, a Beyond Atlas Spacecraft which will be sent to Asteroid 2016-HO3, has achieved a wet mass of 20.85 kg with the size of 24.7 x 42.2 x 40.8 cm in stowed mode and 84 x 399 x 40.8 cm in unstowed mode. However, the drawback being light and small may lead to catastrophic failure due to resonance frequency events. According to past experience, the gyro of the Swedish national satellite was damaged during ground testing and it was suspected due to high amplification when the natural frequency coincides to the main structure resonance. Therefore, this work is focusing on a spacecraft development and a non-destructive structural analysis. The coupled-load analysis of a preliminary spacecraft design including sinusoidal, random vibration and shock analysis are calculated using FEM. This effort can reduce the risk of component destruction before laboratory testing as well as understand better the dynamic behavior of the spacecraft. The critical frequency in each orthogonal axis with base input from launch environment of the LM-3A Launch Vehicle was devised. The maximum stress, amplitude, and acceleration in accordance of qualification test criteria were evaluated and discussed. / Investeringen av rymdhandeln är skyrocketing och det förväntas bli en växande verksamhet i framtiden. Efterfrågan på rymdfarkoster har ökat inte bara för NASA och andra rymdorganisationens uppdrag utan även samarbete mellan små rymdindustrier, akademin och det vetenskapliga samfundet. Denna glimt väckte intresse för en ny investerare, regering, militär och tillverkningsföretag för att effektivt kunna leverera sina mål. Idag konkurrerar många startups om att omfatta innovation och banbrytande rymdprojektets nyhet bortom en fördärvad vision på ett aldrig tidigare skådat sätt. Många spelare förutser att minskad storlek på raketen är en viktig nyckel för att överleva och lyckas i rymdverksamheten. En av de effektiva handlingarna sänker lanseringskostnaden. Detta kan uppnås genom att utforma en liten storlek, lätt och prisvärd rymdfarkost. Inom detta sammanhang har en Beyond Atlas Spacecraft som skickas till Asteroid 2016-HO3, uppnått en våt massa på 20,85 kg med storleken 24,7 x 42,2 x 40,8 cm i stuvningsläge och 84 x 399 x 40,8 cm i ostoppat läge. Nackdelen som är ljus och liten kan emellertid leda till katastrofalt fel på grund av resonansfrekvenshändelser. Enligt tidigare erfarenhet skadades gyroen i den svenska nationella satelliten under marktestning och det misstänktes på grund av hög förstärkning när den naturliga frekvensen sammanföll med huvudstrukturen resonans. Därför fokuserar detta arbete på rymdskeppsutveckling och en icke-destruktiv strukturanalys. Den kombinerade belastningsanalysen av en preliminär rymdfarkostkonstruktion inklusive sinusformad, slumpvibration och chockanalys beräknas med användning av FEM. Denna insats kan minska risken för komponent förstörelse före laboratorietestning samt förstå bättre rymdskeppets dynamiska beteende. Den kritiska frekvensen i varje ortogonal axel med basinmatning från startmiljön för LM-3A-startkärlet utformades. Den maximala spänningen, amplituden och accelerationen i enlighet med kvalifikationstestkriterierna utvärderades och diskuterades.

No description available.

Sensitive nonlinear acoustic methods are suitable for material characterization. This thesis describes three nonlinear acoustic methods that are proven useful for detection of defects like cracks and delaminations in solids. They offer the possibility to use relatively low frequencies which is advantageous because attenuation and diffraction effects are smaller for low frequencies. Therefore large and multi-layered complete objects can be investigated in about one second. Sometimes the position of the damage is required. But it is in general difficult to limit the geometrical extent of low-frequency acoustic waves. A technique is presented that constrains the wave field to a localized trapped mode so that damage can be located.

Bone formation and bone healing were studied in the mandible, tibia and skull bones in adult, healthy and estrogen deficient rabbits implanted with different bone substitutes. In the first study an evaluation of the differences in bone regeneration in and around solid (Alveograf *) and porous hydroxyapatite (Interpore 200*) was undertaken. The implant material was placed into experimentally made bone defects and in half of the defects hydroxyapatite was mixed with a fibrin sealant (Tisseel *). The material alone or mixed with Tisseel was also placed subperiostally in the mandible. The observation time was six month. No difference in bone regeneration was found between solid or porous hydroxyapatite granulas and the addition of Tisseel* did not seem to disturb the bone healing process. The implant material placed subperiostally did not induce bone formation nor did it provoke any bone resorption. The addition of Tisseel made the implant material much easier to handle and retain in the tissue during surgery. Bone healing around hydroxyapatite implants was also evaluated in the second study. Experimental cavities in the mandible and tibia were filled with hydroxyapatite in granules or blocks (Interpore 200*) but now with or without autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogeneic bone (AAA). Also in this study Tisseel* was used to facilitate the handling of the material. All cavities implanted with AAA-bone, regardless of the combination with hydroxyapatite or Tisseel, demonstrated excessive bone formation resembling exostosis formation. Thus, hydroxyapatite, both as granules and blocks, can be successfully combined with AAA bone utilizing the bone inductive capacity of AAA bone. The same model was used to study the healing in ovariectomized animals in the third study. Bone cavities were implanted with or without AAA bone and left to heal. The results indicate that the osteoinductive capacity of AAA bone is in operation also in animals deprived of a normal estrogen production. The effect of using AAA bone prior to implant insertion was studied in paper four. The bone-implant contact was significant higher when AAA bone had been used. The implant stability did not seem to be affected. In paper five defects were made in skull and tibial bone in estrogen deficient animals. The deficiency of estrogen was confirmed through blood analysis, the decrease in the weight of uterus and bone mineral density. The whole body scanning with DEXA showed that the ovariectomized animals developed osteopenia. Various degree of bone formation was seen in the defects due to the influence of the bone inductive substance AAA bone. The studies indicate that a conductive material like hydroxyapatite in granules or blocks could be useful in oral reconstructive surgery. The combination with AAA bone enhanced the bone formation in calvarial and tibial bone in healthy and estrogen deficient animals. Tisseel* could be used to facilitate handling and retention of the material in the intended position during the healing process without negative effects.

O sucesso das cirurgias de implantes depende de diversos fatores como a saúde sistêmica dos pacientes, qualidade e quantidades ósseas disponíveis e, o tipo de macro e microarquitetura dos implantes osseointegráveis. Este estudo propõe avaliar o tecido ósseo em radiografias panorâmicas antes e após cirurgias de implantes correlacionando com análises das Dimensões Fractais (DF), Intensidade de pixel (IP), Índice mentual (IM) e análises de estabilidade primária de implantes (AFR e TI). Foram analisadas 138 regiões de interesse de 50 pacientes, homens e mulheres com idade entre 22 e 77 anos cujas imagens pertencem ao banco de dados do curso de pós-graduação em Implantodontia da Universidade de Santos (Unimes). Foram obtidos dados cirúrgicos do ato da instalação dos implantes, análises de Frequência de Ressonância (AFR) e Torque de Inserção dos implantes (TI) e, com os dados quantitativos obtidos das radiografias panorâmicas antes e após a instalação dos implantes, DF, IP e IM foram realizados testes estatísticos de Correlação de Spearmam, Teste Kruskal Wallis e Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas com auxílio do software IBM SPSS Advanced Statistics ® (IBM, USA) com nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos para as Correlações significantes foram entre a Idade e DF (r=-.647) e TI e DF (r=0.434). O teste de Wilcoxon identificou diferença significante (p>0,05) para as amostras relacionadas IP antes e IP depois (p=0,020 e 0,000) entre os grupos 1 e 2. Foram analisadas as possíveis diferenças entre as variáveis independentes para os grupos 1 e 2 em relação a Idade, com diferenças entre IP (p=0,046), TI (p=0,044), AFR_MD (p=0,040) e AFR_VL (p=0,010), em relação ao gênero encontrados diferenças entre as variáveis DF (p=0,039), IP_antes (p=0,001) e IP_depois (p=0,033). O estudo concluiu que a IP pode detectar alterações de mineralização óssea antes e após a instalação de implantes; DF é correlacionada com TI para pacientes jovens (até 45 anos) e, a análise da Idade e Gênero devem ser considerados na avaliação de exames por imagem para planejamento com implantes. / The success of dental implants depends on several factors as patient´s systemic health, bone quality and quantity, geometry of dental implants and their microarquitecture relationship to the alveolar bone. The aim of this study is to assess changes of alveolar bone of panoramic radiographs correlating with Fractal Dimension (FD), Pixel Intensity (PI), Mentual Index (MI) and Implant Stability Quocient (ISQ) measured with Insertion Torque (IT) and Resonance Frequency (RF). 138 regions of interest (ROI) of 50 participants (22 to 77 years old) have been analyzed, all data belonged to the Implantology graduate course of the Universidade de Santos (Unimes). Retrospective surgical data from dental implant surgeries were obtained (RF and IT) and statistically tested with ROI values achieved from DF, PI and MI of panoramic radiographs taken before and after all dental implants placement. Spearman correlation, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were done with the IBM SPSS Advanced Statistics ® software (IBM, USA), level of significance of 95% (p<0,05). Significant correlation was obtained between Age and DF (r=-.647) and TI and DF (r=0.434). Wilcoxon test identified significant difference (p>0,05) for related samples PI before and PI after implant (p=0,020 e 0,000) between groups 1 and 2. Possible differences were analyzed among the independent variables for groups 1 and 2 related to Age, the results showed differences between PI (p=0,046), IT (p=0,044), RF_MD (p=0,040) e RF_VL (p=0,010), between Gender the results showed differences between the variables FD (p=0,039), PI_before (p=0,001) e PI_after (p=0,033). The study concluded that PI can detect bone mineralization changes before and after dental implant placement. FD correlates with the variable IT for younger participants (22 to 45 years old). Age and Gender should be considered regarding imaging exams tests (FD and PI) for dental implant planning.

Avaliou-se o comportamento biomecânico, quanto à área de estabilidade protética, extensão de cantilever e estabilidade por análise freqüência de ressonância (AFR); parâmetros clínicos: índice de placa (IP), índice de sangramento (IS), supuração, distância da plataforma do implante-margem da mucosa (DPM), profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção (NI), sangramento à sondagem (SS), largura (LM), espessura (EM) da mucosa e análise radiográfica, em dois sistemas de reabilitações implanto-suportadas. Foram instalados 104 implantes, submetidos à ativação imediata, em 26 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: A (n= 16, All-on-4®-Nobel Biocare) e B (n=10, Neopronto®-Neodent). As próteses foram instaladas em tempo médio de 32h. (T0), e controles realizados em seis (T6), doze (T12) e 24 meses (T24). Como resultado, a taxa de sucesso foi de 100% para o grupo A e 90% para o grupo B para implantes e próteses. Diferenças significantes (p<0,05) foram apresentadas entre o cantilever posterior 10,96mm e 18,81mm e o braço de resistência (BR) 13,87mm e 5,50mm, respectivamente para os grupos A e B. A área de estabilidade, no grupo A foi de 373,5mm2 e no B de 112,8mm2; a média da AFR (em ISQ) do grupo A T0= 68,62; T6=64,40; T12=67,07; T24=66,53 e do grupo B T0= 68,37; T6=66,29; T12=67,09; T24=67,10, com diferenças (p<0,05) entre os tempos (grupo A) e posição dos implantes (grupo B). O IP no grupo A=1,0 e 0,7; grupo B=0,6 e 0,9, o IS (0,7), supuração (ausente) e SS (presença) no grupo A=50% e 37,9%; grupo B=70,1 e 52,1%, no controle de 12 e 24 meses, não mostraram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. As médias (em mm) da LM para o grupo A (2,05 e 2,21) e B (2,29 e 2,40) e EM grupo A (1,53 e 1,56) e B (1,31 e 1,43), DPM do grupo A (2,54e 2,52) e B (0,18mm e -0,12mm), PS grupo A (3,52 e 3,52) e B (3,52 e 4,0), NI grupo A (0,98 e 0,99) e B (3,05 e 3,57) e perda óssea grupo A (0,45mm e 0,23mm ) grupo B(0,66mm e 0,22mm), respectivamente para 12 e 24 meses, apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os controles. Concluindo-se que 1- O grupo A apresentou área de estabilidade e extensão de cantilever anterior e posterior, com comportamento biomecânico mais favorável do que no grupo B; 2- A estabilidade primária e secundária (AFR) foi diferente entre os tempos (grupo A) e posição dos implantes (grupo B), mas semelhantes entre os grupos; 3- Os parâmetros clínicos de índice de placa, sangramento marginal, supuração, profundidade de sondagem (exceto para os períodos de controle no grupo B), sangramento a sondagem, largura e espessura de mucosa ceratinizada foram semelhantes entre os grupos; 4- A distância da plataforma do implante-margem da mucosa foi maior no grupo A e o nível de inserção foi maior no grupo B; 5- A perda na altura da crista óssea foi semelhante entre os grupos; 6- A perda óssea foi menor nos implantes anteriores do que nos posteriores, nos grupos. / Two implant-supported rehabilitation systems were evaluated considering their biomechanical behavior, the area of prosthetic stability, cantilever extensions, stability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and clinical parameters, such as: modified plaque index (PI), modified bleeding index (BI), suppuration, distance between the implant shoulder and the mucosal margin (DIM), probing pocket depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), bleeding on probing (BP), thickness (TM) width (WM) of keratinized mucosa and radiographic analysis. One hundred and four implants had been installed in twenty six patients, submitted to immediate loading and divided into two groups: A (n=16, All-on-4®-Nobel Biocare) e B (n=10, Neopronto®-Neodent). The prosthesis had been installed in average time of 32h (T0), and controls made in (T6), 12 (T12) and 24 months (T24). As result, the success rate was 100% for the group A and 90% for the group B for both implants and prosthesis. Significant differences (p<0,05) 10,96mm and 18,81mm had been presented between posterior cantilever and the resistance arm (RA) 13,87mm and 5,50mm, respectively for the groups A and B. The stability area, in the group A was of 373,5mm2 and in B of 112,8mm2; the average of RFA (in ISQ) of the group A T0= 68,62; T6=64,40; T12=67,07; T24=66,53 and of the group B T0= 68,37; T6=66,29; T12=67,09; T24=67,10, with differences (p<0,05) between the periods (Group A) and implant position (Group B). The PI in group A was of 1,0 and 0,7 and 0,6 and 0,9 for group B, o BI (0,7), suppuration (absent), DP (presence) in group A=50% and 37,9%; group B=70,1 and 52,1%, in the control of 12 and 24 months, did not present statistical differences between the groups. The average (in mm) of WM for the group A (2,05 and 2,21) and B (2,29 and 2,40) and TM group A (1,53 and 1,56) and B (1,31 and 1,43), DIM of group A (2,54 and 2,52) and B (0,18mm and -0,12mm), DP group.

A estabilidade primária dos implantes odontológicos é determinante para a osseointegração e depende dos fatores qualidade, quantidade óssea e tipo de implante. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência do formato de implantes convencionais e modificados e do tipo de substrato na estabilidade primária por meio da correlação de ensaios de desempenho e frequência de ressonância e análise microestrutural. No estudo foram utilizados 54 implantes Neodent®: 27 cilíndricos, sendo 9 hexágono externo (Titamax Ti Cortical - 4,0 mm x 11 mm), 9 hexágono interno (Titamax II Plus - 3,75 mm x 11 mm) e 9 cone morse (Titamax CM - 4,0 mm x 11 mm); e 27 implantes cônicos de 4,3 mm x 10 mm, sendo 9 hexágono externo (Alvim Ti), 9 hexágono interno (Alvim II Plus) e 9 cone morse (Alvim CM). Os implantes foram inseridos em osso artificial da marca Nacional® nas densidades de 15, 20 e 40 PCF e osso de costela suína. Para os ensaios de desempenho foi quantificado o torque de inserção com um torquímetro digital e a força máxima de arrancamento utilizando uma Máquina Universal de Ensaios. Para avaliar a frequência de ressonância foi utilizado o aparelho Ostell® e para a análise morfológica um Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura, sob aumentos de 40 e 100 vezes. Após a realização dos ensaios com os implantes convencionais, os modelos Alvim CM e Titamax Ti Cortical (n=9) tiveram sua morfologia externa alterada com a prolongação dos chanfros desde o terço apical até o nível da plataforma protética e foram submetidos aos mesmos testes propostos para os parafusos originais. Verificada a normalidade dos dados utilizou-se o teste de análise de variância ANOVA, comparação de médias Tukey (&alpha;=5%) e correlação de Pearson. Para os implantes convencionais, o Alvim CM apresentou maior média em todos os ensaios realizados, sendo estatisticamente diferente dos implantes cilíndricos quando analisado o torque de inserção no osso (73,33 N.cm) e força de arrancamento na poliuretana de 40 PCF (910,36 N) e osso (553,79 N). Os implantes Titamax II Plus tiveram as menores médias, diferente estatisticamente dos cônicos quando analisado o torque de inserção (22,22 N.cm) e frequência de ressonância no osso (72,83 ISQ) e força de arrancamento na poliuretana de 40 PCF (61,97 N) e osso (86,40 N). A análise dos ensaios de desempenho e frequência de ressonância apresentou correlação moderada de acordo com o p de Pearson (0,30 a 0,70) e a comparação entre as fotomicrografias não mostrou alteração morfológica dos implantes. A modificação realizada no parafuso Alvim CM proporcionou um aumento significativo no torque de inserção (p=0,000), diminuição das médias de arrancamento (p=0,000) e manteve semelhança com as médias de frequência de ressonância (p=0,169) quando comparado ao implante convencional. O Titamax Ti modificado aumentou significativamente o torque de inserção (p=0,043) e provocou diminuição significativa para a frequência de ressonância (p=0,002) e ensaio de arrancamento (p=0,000). Conclui-se que o formato dos implantes interfere na estabilidade primária, sendo os implantes cônicos indutores de maior estabilidade. A análise de correlação das metodologias empregadas demonstrou a associação positiva das mesmas para complementação da análise da estabilidade primária / The primary stability of dental implants is critical for osseointegration and depends on factors quality, bone quantity and type of implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of conventional and modified implants and the type of substrate shape on primary stability through the correlation of performance tests and frequency of resonance and microstructural analysis. In the study 54 Neodent® implants were used: 27 cylindrical, 9 hexagonal (Titamax Ti Cortical - 4.0 mm x 11 mm), 9 internal hexagon (Titamax II Plus - 3.75 mm x 11 mm) and 9 morse taper (Titamax CM - 4.0 mm x 11 mm); and 27 tapered implants of 4.3 mm x 10 mm and 9 external hexagon (Alvim Ti), 9 internal hexagon (Alvim II Plus) and 9 morse taper (Alvim CM). The implants were inserted into artificial bone of National ® brand at densities of 15, 20 and 40 PCF and pork rib bone. For testing the performance was quantified insertion torque with a digital torque meter and the maximum pullout strength using a universal testing machine. To evaluate the resonance frequency was used Ostell ® device and the morphological parsing an Scanning Electron Microscope under increases of 40 and 100 times. After the tests with conventional implants, models CM Alvim and Titamax Cortical Ti (n=9) had their external morphology changed with the prolongation of the bevels from the apical to the level of prosthetic platform and underwent the same tests proposed for the original screws. Checked for normality of the data used in the test of ANOVA, Tukey comparison (&alpha;=5%) and Pearson correlation. For conventional implants, the CM Alvim showed higher average in all tests, with statistically different when analyzed cylindrical implant insertion torque on bone (73.33 N.cm) and pullout strength in polyurethane 40 PCF (910.36 N) and bone (553.79 N). Implants Titamax II Plus had the lowest average, statistically different when analyzed the tapered insertion torque (22.22 N.cm) and resonance frequency in bone (72.83 ISQ) and pullout strength in 40 PCF polyurethane (61.97 N) and bone (86.40 N). The analysis of the performance tests and had moderate resonance frequency correlation according op Pearson (0.30 to 0.70) and comparing the photomicrographs showed no morphological alteration of the implants. The modification made to the screw Alvim CM provided a significant increase in insertion torque (p=0.000), decrease of average pullout (p=0.000) and remained similar to the average resonance frequency (p=0.169) when compared to the implant conventional. The Titamax Ti modified significantly increased insertion torque (p=0.043) and caused a significant decrease in the resonance frequency (p=0.002) and pullout test (p=0.000). It is concluded that the shape of the implants interfere with the primary stability, with the inductors tapered implants stability. Correlation analysis of the methodologies used showed a possible association of these for further analysis of primary stability

Uma vasta gama de sensores são aplicados no mercado atual na busca pela melhoria de processos e produtos. Há um grande crescimento em novos sistemas que possam apresentar recursos que técnicas convencionais não apresentam. A busca por uma nova plataforma de sensoriamento surge a partir do interesse em identificar e controlar parâmetros ambientais isolados. Esta pesquisa em área incipiente no Brasil mostra o desenvolvimento de um sensor a partir de um material inteligente (smart material), que por definição, possui uma ou mais propriedades que podem sofrer mudanças significativas a partir de um estímulo externo. O presente trabalho é baseado na investigação de uma fita de material magnético amorfo, que ao exibir propriedades magnéticas e elásticas pelo efeito da magnetostricção, permite o monitoramento remoto de fenômenos físico-químicos do ambiente em que estiver exposta. O desenvolvimento deste sensor tem finalidade no monitoramento sem fio de solicitação mecânica, e alteração do tipo de fluido presente em um dado ambiente. O estudo e avaliação do sensor contou com técnicas de caracterização experimentais e de simulação. São apresentados sistemas e ensaios capazes verificar as ressonâncias do modo de vibração puro da amostra a partir de medidas ópticas e elétricas, quando submetidos a variação de fenômenos físicos. Os resultados indicam a dependência do efeito direto ao estímulo na ação externa do campo magnético em decorrências das características do material. Os resultados quantificados e qualificados na correlação entre os métodos utilizados, justificam a aplicação do smart material no sensoriamento de viscosidade e carregamento aplicado em ambientes isolados. Em consequência das discussões apresentadas para as curvas comportamentais na variação dos parâmetros físico-químico a plataforma de sensoriamento é validada. / New amorphous magnetic materials have magnetic and elastic properties which allows the identification and control of environmental parameters remotely. This work was based in the investigation of a magnetoelastic thin strip, widely used as anti-theft device. In this study it was discussed the employment of this material as a sensor capable identify an environmental change through magnetoelasticity. In order to characterize the strips it was employed several techniques, namely: finite element modeling of the vibrational modes, electromagnetic impedance and laser interferometry. It was presented an analysis of the displacement of the longitudinal modes. The knowledge of the vibration mode allowed the sensor electric characterization when subjected to environmental changes. According to the sample dimensions under magnetic field, test systems were developed in order to perform optic and electric measurements. A proper parameter adjustment of the power supply allowed the determination of the fundamental and higher order resonance frequencies. The magnetostrictive behaviour of the anti-theft strips is related to the Young modulus where the vibration frequency is inversely proportional to the length of the strip. Studies showed that the strip performance is also related to many other parameters, such as the mechanical and electromagnetic properties and the environment to which it is exposed. The strips here presented are largely employed as sensor for temperature, pressure, density, mas variation, viscosity and flux velocity mainly because their wireless capabilities. The data from the polarization field are a section of the knowledge required to better investigate the best performance of the sensor. The sensor characterization through several techniques applied in viscous media and under pressure raise some issues. However, the construction of some devices allowed the application of different values of viscosity and pressure upon the magnetized strip. This made the results interpretation less complex. The resonances were observed in the experimental data and mathematical modellin. Calibration curves were defined to make the results interpretation easier.Previously applied and studied techniques which cover the characterization and behaviour of the material provide valid justifications for the implementation of remote sensors made of amorphous metallic strips. The results presented here justify the application of the analysed amorphous strip as a viscosity and pressure sensor in isolated enviroments.