Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Computer grids emerged in the 90 s with the goal of using geographically dispersed computers for high performance computing. Through grids, computational power of a supercomputer can be reached in a simple, efficient and inexpensive way. Such benefits led to highlights in researchs of computer grids. Recently, appeared on market graphics adapter cards whose computational power overcomes, and by a wide margin, even the most modern processors commonly used. This led to researchs that resulted in programming techniques relatively easy to learn and did simplify application programming for these processors. These techniques effectively introduced the processors in the business of high performance computing. The use of these techniques gave rise to General Purpose computing on Graphic Processing Units (GPGPU). Grids applications are generally programmed through a grid computing framework. TUXUR is one of those frameworks and is under development by Master s Program Graduate at the Federal University of Santa Maria. This dissertation discusses the development of a TUXUR s foreseen feature. Such feature allows the computer grid managed by TUXUR to enjoy the benefits of GPGPU applications, particularly regarding to the best use of the nodes s hardware that comprises it. The immediate impact of this synergy is the significant increase in grid computational capacity without adding new computers. The findings of the evaluation highlights the importance of using GPGPU tasks that take advantage of this programming technique, even when performed in a grid. / Grades de computadores surgiram na década de 90 com o objetivo de utilizar computadores geograficamente dispersos para computação de alto desempenho. Através destas grades, pode-se chegar ao poder computacional de um supercomputador de uma forma simples, eficiente e barata. Tais benefícios fizeram com que pesquisas em grades de computadores obtivessem destaques no ramo da computação. Recentemente, surgiram no mercado placas adaptadoras gráficas cujo poder computacional supera, e com larga vantagem, mesmo os mais modernos processadores de uso geral. Isso deu origem a pesquisas que resultaram em técnicas de programação relativamente fáceis de aprender e que simplificam a programação de aplicações para estes processadores. Estas técnicas efetivamente introduziram estes processadores no ramo de computação de alto desempenho. A utilização destas técnicas deu origem à programação de propósito geral em unidades de processamento gráfico (General-Purpose computation on Graphical Processor Units-GPGPU). Aplicações de grades são geralmente programadas através de um framework de computação em grade. TUXUR é um destes frameworks e encontra-se em desenvolvimento por mestrandos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Informática da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Este trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento de uma funcionalidade prevista no TUXUR. Tal funcionalidade permite que a grade de computadores gerenciada por TUXUR usufrua dos benefícios de aplicações GPGPU, sobretudo no que diz respeito à melhor utilização do hardware dos nós que a compõem. O reflexo imediato desta sinergia é o aumento significativo da capacidade computacional da grade sem o acréscimo de novos computadores. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação evidenciam a importância do uso de GPGPU nas tarefas que se beneficiam desta técnica de programação, mesmo quando executadas em uma grade.

It is very important to reduce products and facilities costs for companies. The actual washing costs minimization problem is analysed in this work. The main aim of this work – to analyse the washing costs minimization problem and develop the application for minimal washing costs finding. Mathematical model of washing costs was created (for this is statistics experiment planning theory used). This model and results of multiregressional analysis were compared.

Tourism is an industry that makes important contributions to the Sri Lanakan economy. Thelong-term survival of this industry depends on the longevity of natural resources and thebeauty of the environment. Today, the tourism industry is impacting the naturalenvironment negatively. The concept of circular economy is gaining global attention assustainable alternative to traditional economic practice. Through qualitative approach, thisthesis investigates how the Sri Lanka tourism industry can adopt a circular business modelto mitigate its negative impacts. The methodology utilized semi-structured interviews withfive business personalities involved in hotel and accommodation sectors listed undercategory of small and medium-sized business.  The study first examined the awareness and perceptions of the circular business modelconcept among tourism SMEs in Sri Lanka. This is a step was extremely important, asawareness is a fundamental prerequisite for adopting more sustainable practices. Theresearch investigated the current level of understanding and knowledge about circularbusiness model concepts within these small and medium-sized enterprises. This exploredhow tourism businesses in Sri Lanka currently view the circular model whether they see itas a practical, beneficial approach or faced concerns and lack knowledge.  Next, under Opportunities and Challenges the study explored the key opportunities andchallenges that either enable or challenge the transition towards circular business models.On the opportunity side, the research examined factors that could facilitate and incentivesSMEs to achieve circularity, such as cost savings, improved brand reputation, attractingenvironmentally conscious tourists, and preserving local value chains and resources. Thefindings also highlighted that some SMEs are already employing innovative circularpractices, indicating a readiness to embrace more sustainable operations. Conversely, theresearch could identify several barriers to the widespread adoption of circular practicesamong SMEs. These barriers include limited awareness of circular economy principles,financial constraints, and regulatory challenges.  Finally, the study evaluated on developing practices the effectiveness of any existingbusiness development goals or initiatives related to circular economy strategies within SriLankan tourism SMEs. This involved assessing the current state of circular practices,identifying areas for improvement, and determining the specific types of support andresources needed to help these enterprises successfully adopt and sustain a circular businessmodel.  The thesis suggests several avenues for future research, including road map to achieve fullysustainable circular business model. It also recommends evaluating the effectiveness ofgovernment policies and initiatives in promoting the adoption of circular economyprinciples within the tourism sector and investigating the role of technology and innovationin facilitating the transition to circular business model. Key words – Circular Business Model, Tourism SMEs Sri Lanaka, Sustainability,Resources optimization

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-25T13:55:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arthurgoncalvesgivisiez.pdf: 15097769 bytes, checksum: e434481fde7014f783d8b75137429fba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T18:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arthurgoncalvesgivisiez.pdf: 15097769 bytes, checksum: e434481fde7014f783d8b75137429fba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T18:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arthurgoncalvesgivisiez.pdf: 15097769 bytes, checksum: e434481fde7014f783d8b75137429fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / O mundo está tentando mudar para um ambiente de energia mais limpa, especialmente no setor de geração de eletricidade, que é responsável por uma grande parcela das emissões de CO2. No Brasil, fontes renováveis são responsáveis por grande parte da geração de eletricidade, mas mudanças atuais no clima brasileiro trouxeram uma necessidade de diversificação na matriz energética. Logo, a geração distribuída é uma boa maneira de diversificar a matriz energética brasileira. Considerando que os sistemas de cogeração se enquadram na geração distribuída, e que os prédios brasileiros necessitam de resfriamento, devido ao clima quente, o uso de cogeração adicionado à um chiler de absorção ou absorção pode ser muito útil. O sistema de trigeração é um processo altamente eficiente, que pode produzir eletricidade, aquecimento e resfriamento a partir da mesma fonte de energia primária. No entanto, existem poucas pesquisas sobre os sistemas de trigeração no Brasil, especialmente em pequena e micro escala. Assim, esta dissertação fará uma avaliação técnica e econômica de sistemas de micro e trigeração para diferentes edifícios sob políticas tarifárias distintas no Brasil. Para tanto, este trabalho otimizará o dimensionamento e o cronograma de despacho mensal dos sistemas de trigeração para cada um dos quatro estudos de caso. Em seguida, avaliará o valor presente líquido máximo (VPL) considerando a variação da taxa de desconto e da taxa de conversão do dólar norte-americano. Na sequência, o índice de dependência da rede (GDI), o payback descontado, o custo nivelado da energia (LCOE) e a razão da energia primária (PER) para os melhores VPLs serão apresentados e analisados. Como resultado, esta dissertação mostrará que as plantas de trigeração podem ser lucrativas e certamente ser uma maneira eficiente de utilização de uma geração distribuída confiável e controlável. Além disso, provará que é possível encontrar situações em que a planta de trigeração possa oferecer uma alta taxa de energia primária (PER), um adequado custo de energia nivelado (LCOE) e, ao mesmo tempo, pode proporcionar economia financeira com tempo de retorno razoável em edifícios brasileiros. / The world is trying to move to a cleaner energy environment, especially on the electricity generation sector, which is responsible for a large share of CO2 emissions. In Brazil,crenewable energy sources are responsible for a great part of the electricity generation, but current changes in the Brazilian climate brought a necessity of diversification on the energy matrix. Then, distributed generation is a good way to diversify the Brazilian power matrix. Considering that cogeneration systems are distributed generation, and Brazilian buildings have need of cooling, due to the warm weather, the use of cogeneration equipped with an absorption or adsorption chiller could be beneficial. The trigeneration system is a highly efficient process, which can produce electricity, heating and cooling from the same primary energy source. However, there are really few researches concerning trigeneration systems in Brazil, especially on small and micro plants. Thus, this thesis will make and provide a technical and economical evaluation of small and micro trigeneration systems to different buildings under distinct tariff policies in Brazil. To do so, this work will optimize the sizing and monthly schedule the dispatch of the trigeneration systems to each one of the four study cases. Then, it will evaluate the maximum net present value (NPV) considering the variation of discount rate and US Dollar conversion rate. In the sequence, the grid dependence index (GDI), the discounted payback, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the primary energy ratio (PER) to the best NPVs will be presented and analysed. As a result, this thesis will show that trigeneration plants can be profitable and can be certainly an efficient way to adopt a reliable and controllable distributed generation. Also, it will prove that it is possible to find situations in which the trigeneration plant can offer a high primary energy ratio, a fair levelized cost of energy, and in the meantime, it can provide financial savings with fair payback time in Brazilian buildings.

El presente proyecto está enfocado en analizar el proceso de producción de la granada. Todas las actividades físicas, que intervienen dentro del proceso productivo, determinarán los niveles de producción que se originan en cada campaña. Estas cualidades presentan una gran importancia para elevar el valor del producto dentro de los distintos mercados de exportación, como Holanda, Francia, Ucrania; a los que apuntan los productores de Santiago-Ica. Se ha identificado que el sector agrícola representa la mayor proporción dentro de los ingresos económicos que percibe el país en temas de exportación. Dentro de este mismo sector, se ha percibido que la Granada ha experimentado un constante crecimiento en sus niveles de exportación debido a que la demanda de esta fruta se ha incrementado considerablemente en países europeos y asiáticos. La presente investigación se enfoca a satisfacer las grandes demandas de otros países, incrementando las capacidades de producción en las MYPES. Se han realizado evaluaciones del proceso de producción actual que se ejecutan en esta zona geográfica tomando como referencia las buenas prácticas agrícolas que son usadas en otros países con mejores indicadores de productividad. Este análisis ha permitido obtener diferencias significativas entre ambos procesos; es por ello que se ha elaborado un modelo propuesto, que será implementado usando herramientas básicas de la gestión por procesos para estandarizar las actividades a realizar y obtener resultados mejor estructurados que estén alineados a incrementar los niveles de producción y la optimización en el uso de los recursos. Los resultados obtenidos serán analizados y usados para la generación de indicadores, las cuales han sido seleccionadas con la técnica SMART, que nos permitan comparar la productividad obtenida de un mismo pedazo de terreno antes y después de la propuesta de mejora. ​Finalmente, el modelo propuesto será consultado y validado usando la técnica de juicio de expertos para lo cual consultamos con usuarios de las MYPES del sector y con expertos en el manejo de herramientas de gestión por procesos. Estos resultados serán analizados usando la matriz PUGH como herramienta para cuantificar la aprobación de cada uno de los expertos. / This project is focused on analyzing the pomegranate production process. All the physical activities that intervene in the production process will determine the levels of production that originate in each campaign. These qualities are of great importance to raise the value of the product within the different export markets, such as Holland, France, Ukraine; to which the producers of Santiago-Ica are targeting. It has been identified that the agricultural sector represents the largest proportion within the economic income that the country receives in export issues. Within this same sector, it has been perceived that Granada has experienced a constant growth in its export levels due to the fact that its demand has increased considerably in European and Asian countries. This research is focused on satisfying the great demands of other countries, increasing the production capacities in SMEs. Evaluations of the current production process that are carried out in this geographical area have been carried out, taking as a reference the good agricultural practices that are used in other countries with better productivity indicators. This analysis has allowed to obtain significant differences between both processes; That is why a proposed model has been developed, which will be implemented using basic tools of process management to standardize the activities to be carried out and obtain better structured results that are aligned to increasing production levels and optimizing the use of means. The results obtained will be analyzed and used to generate indicators, which have been selected with the SMART technique, which allow us to compare the productivity obtained from the same piece of land before and after the improvement proposal. Finally, the proposed model will be consulted and validated using the expert judgment technique, for which we consult with users of SMEs in the sector and with experts in the management of process management tools. These results will be analyzed using the Pugh matrix as a tool to quantify the approval of each of the experts. / Tesis