Clinical instructors may have a negative or positive effect on student’s clinical practice. The behavioral characteristics of respiratory therapy clinical instructors are vital to the success of student’s clinical learning experience. Therefore, respiratory therapy student’s perception of the effectiveness of the clinical instructor’s behavior is an important indicator to modify and facilitate effective clinical instruction. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the most effective clinical teaching behaviors (ECTB) perceived by undergraduate respiratory therapy (BSRT) and integrated graduate respiratory therapy (MSRT) students and to identify any similarities in their rankings. METHODS: The study used descriptive exploratory design with a self-reporting survey. The survey was administered to a convenience sample of first and second year BSRT and MSRT students attending an accredited respiratory therapy program at an urban university located in the southeastern United States. The survey consisted of 35 teaching behaviors presented on a five-point Likert scale according to importance. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Seventy-two students were surveyed, more than two-thirds of the respondents were female. Seventy-five percent of respondents studied were BSRT, which females accounted for 78% and males 22%. Graduate MSRT studied were 25% of the total sample with females and males equally split at 50%. Two thirds of MSRT students reported previous education with BSRT students reporting less than one-quarter. The study findings indicate BSRT and MSRT students’ perceptions ranking of the most important behavioral characteristics hold similarities but both perceive the ordered rank of importance differently. Both BSRT and MSRT students ranked “be approachable” as the most important clinical behavioral characteristic with mean scores and S.D respectively (M 4.89, S.D ±0.37, and M 4.94, S.D ±0.24). Additionally, BSRT students rank the characteristic “respect student as an individual” (M 4.87, S.D ±0.34) next significant while MSRT students rank “demonstrate self-control & patience” (M 4.94, S.D ±0.23) the next highest. CONCLUSION: Although BSRT and MSRT students’ perceptions demonstrated similarities, mean scores data between first year and second year show a shift in ranking between characteristics. This may be because student’s perceptions could change as they advance in their clinical course work or their past educational experience. In addition, the results may assist respiratory therapy clinical instructors to appreciate students’ views and acknowledge areas of success as well as areas needing improvement.

Childhood asthma is one of the commonest chronic respiratory conditions in developed communities. Chest physiotherapy has traditionally been one of the interventions used mainly after an attack and for a relatively short-period on an outpatient basis. The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of physiotherapists and caregivers about the importance of chest physiotheraphy in asthmatic children in Kigali. To achieve this aim the author attempted to identify the perceived benefits of chest physiotherapy for asthmatic children among caregivers / to determine the perception of physiotherapists about the importance of chest physiotherapy for asthmatic children and / to identify the physiotherapists experiences with doctors referrals and the caregivers compliance in the management of asthmatic children.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-154). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-154). Also available on the Internet.

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Marques dos Santos Mezzacappa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camy_LiaFrancoSerrou_M.pdf: 2236207 bytes, checksum: 02c798bdb805fcc5a3956e0576f91b3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é considerada a doença esofágica mais comum no período neonatal, prolongando o tempo de internação de recém-nascidos (RN) nas unidades de tratamento intensivo neonatal. Apresenta-se frequentemente associada a todo tipo de manifestação respiratória, tanto em via aérea superior como no trato respiratório inferior. O efeito da fisioterapia respiratória sobre os episódios de refluxo, bem como a DRGE, é ainda um assunto não investigado em RNPT, e controverso nas demais faixas etárias. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a associação da fisioterapia respiratória Aumento de Fluxo Expiratório (AFE) com episódios de refluxo ácido em prematuros com displasia broncopulmonar internados no Serviço de Neonatologia do CAISM. Os episódios de refluxo foram avaliados através da monitorização prolongada do pH esofágico e o diagnóstico de DRGE foi estabelecido pelas manifestações clínicas e pelo índice de refluxo ? 10%. Foram estudados os parâmetros da monitorização do pH antes e durante o procedimento da AFE em decúbito dorsal horizontal, na segunda e terceira horas de pós-prandial. Foram incluídos dezoito sujeitos randomizados em grupos de estudo, que receberam duas sessões de fisioterapia em dois momentos de pós-prandial Grupo 1 (n=9)-início do estudo pela segunda hora pós-prandial, Grupo 2 (n=9)- terceira hora de pós-prandial). O estudo foi experimental do tipo crossover. Para comparar as variáveis categóricas e as variáveis contínuas, entre os períodos (2ª e 3ª hora), foram utilizados, respectivamente, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de U de Mann-Whitney. Para a comparação das variáveis numéricas entre os 2 períodos e entre as 2 avaliações (antes e durante a fisioterapia), foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey para comparar os grupos em cada momento, e o teste de perfil por contrastes para analisar a evolução entre avaliações, em cada período. O nível de significância adotado para os testes estatísticos foi de 5%. No grupo 1, na 2ª hora de pós-prandial, ocorreu redução significativa dos parâmetros da monitorização do pH durante a fisioterapia comparando-se com os 20 minutos prévios. No grupo 2 não houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros da monitorização do pH antes e durante a fisioterapia, em nenhum dos períodos de pós-prandial analisados. A AFE, em decúbito dorsal horizontal, em prematuros com displasia broncopulmonar, com e sem DRGE, não determina aumento significativo do número e duração dos episódios de refluxo ácido, na segunda e terceira horas após a alimentação / Abstract: The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered the most common esophageal disease in the neonatal period, extending the period of hospitalization of newborns (NB) in the neonatal intensive care units. GERD often appears associated with all sorts of respiratory manifestation, both in the upper airway and lower respiratory tract. The effect of physiotherapy on the episodes of reflux and GERD is still an issue not investigated in preterm infants, and controversial in the other age groups. The aim of this study was to determine the association of respiratory therapy Increased Expiratory Flow (IEF) with episodes of acid reflux in premature infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia hospitalized in the Neonatology Service of CAISM. Reflux episodes were evaluated by the esophageal pH monitoring and diagnosis of GERD was established by clinical symptoms and the reflux index ? 10%. The study also evaluated and compared the parameters of pH monitoring before and during the procedure of IEF, performed in supine position, in the second and third hour post-prandial. Eighteen subjects were randomized to receive either two sessions of physiotherapy at two post-prandial moments (Group 1-initiated study by the second postprandial hour, Group 2 - by the third hour post-prandial). The study was experimental crossover. To compare categorical variables and continuous variables between the periods (2nd and 3rd hour) it was used, respectively, the Fisher exact test and the U test of Mann-Whitney. For the comparison of numerical variables between the two periods and between the two assessments (before and during physical therapy) it was used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures followed by multiple comparison test of Tukey for the groups inside each moment, and the profile test by contrasts to examine the evolution of ratings for each period. The level of significance for statistical tests was 5%. In group 1, by the 2nd hour post-prandial, there was a significant reduction of the parameters of pH monitoring during therapy compared to the 20 minutes prior period. In group 2 no significant difference between the parameters of pH monitoring before and during therapy in any of the postprandial periods was observed. The AFE, in the supine position in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with and without GERD, does not cause significant increase in the number and duration of acid reflux episodes in the second and third hour after feeding / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Ciências

Orientador: Antonio Fernando Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T04:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzan_AnaBeatrizBiagioliManoel_M.pdf: 1631751 bytes, checksum: d8a011a79041c9c587fc8f3f5180eb29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Introdução: Os pacientes com fibrose cística apresentam uma quantidade e qualidade anormais das secreções pulmonares, facilitando a obstrução das vias aéreas. Por este motivo, a fisioterapia respiratória é parte importante do tratamento desses pacientes, pois ajuda na limpeza das vias aéreas, prevenindo o acúmulo de secreção pulmonar. Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia dos aparelhos Flutter VRP1® e Shaker® em relação à quantidade de secreção pulmonar expectorada medida em gramas (g), freqüência cardíaca (FC) medida em batimentos por minuto (bpm) e saturação transcutânea de oxigênio (SaO2) medida em porcentagem (%). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo randomizado do tipo intervenção. Foram selecionados pacientes estáveis, com fibrose cística. Na primeira sessão realizaram a terapia com o Flutter® ou Shaker®, a FC e SaO2 foram monitoradas durante toda terapia e após uma hora do término da sessão. A secreção foi colhida durante a sessão e após 15 e 60 minutos do término da sessão, determinando o peso úmido, em seguida a secreção era levada para secagem em estufa a 80º C. Na segunda sessão, após sete dias, realizavam a terapia com o aparelho que não tivesse utilizado na primeira terapia e era seguida a mesma seqüência e os grupos foram comparados. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas. Resultados: Foram estudados 16 pacientes com idades entre 7 e 21 anos, dois apresentaram somente manifestações respiratórias e 14 apresentaram manifestações respiratória e digestiva. Na avaliação do escore clínico de Schwachman, 7 pacientes apresentaram escore moderado. Seis pacientes apresentaram comprometimento grave, enquanto os 3 pacientes restantes apresentaram escore leve. Para FC e SaO2, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os equipamentos. Em relação ao peso úmido da secreção pulmonar a diferença entre o Flutter VRP1® e o Shaker® o valor de p foi de 0,719. Para o peso seco o valor de p foi de 0,589, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os equipamentos. Conclusão: O uso do Shaker® foi tão eficaz quanto o do Flutter VRP1® para estes pacientes / Abstract: Introduction: Cystic fibrosis patients have an abnormal pulmonary secretions quantity that cause airway obstruction. The chest physiotherapy is an important part of the patients¿ care because help airway clearance and prevent pulmonary secretion accumulation. Objective: To compare the Flutter VRP1® and Shaker® devices with respect wet and dry sputum weight, pulse and pulse oximetry in patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This study design was a randomized crossover. Clinically stable patients with cystic fibrosis (mean age, 12,6 years). Two treatments regiments were used: in the first session Flutter® or Shaker®, and after seven days, in the second session Shaker® or Flutter®. Sputum was collected during , 15 and 60 minutes after each session, the wet sputum weight was measured and transfered to a drying oven. Cardiac frequency and pulse oximetry was performed during and 1 hour after the treatment. Results: Sixteen patients were studied, 2 patients presented respiratory symptoms only and 14 patients presented respiratory and digestive symptoms. Schwachman score was good and excell in 3 patients, fair in 6 patients and moderate /severe in 7 patients. The mean differences between Flutter® and Shaker® in wet sputum weight were 0,37g, not significantly different (p=0,719), for dry sputum weigth were -0,01g, either not significantly different (p = 0,589). There were no significant changes in pulse or pulse oximetry before or after treatment between devices. Conclusions: The use of Shaker® device was as effective as Flutter VRP1® in these patients / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Introdução: As complicações respiratórias, somadas a baixos volumes pulmonares e tosse ineficiente, decorrentes da fraqueza da musculatura respiratória nas doenças neuromusculares (DNM), são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do treinamento de empilhamento de ar na função respiratória de pacientes com DNM. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo em 21 pacientes com DNM, idade entre 7 e 23 anos. Todos foram submetidos a avaliações respiratórias a cada 4 e 6 meses. Realizou-se espirometria e medida do pico de fluxo de tosse não assistido e assistido (PFTNA e PFTASS) com insuflações e empilhamento de ar com ressuscitador manual. Os pacientes e cuidadores foram treinados e orientados a realizar o treinamento das manobras de empilhamento de ar diariamente no domicílio. A análise estatística utilizou o pacote estatístico como médias ± desvios-padrão, foram submetidas ao teste de normalidade de D\'Agostino-Pearson. Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas do teste Post Hoc de Tukey. O pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) não exibiu distribuição normal e, por isso, foi submetido ao teste de Friedman seguido do teste Post Hoc de Dunn. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados e nível de significância estabelecido foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Houve aumento na estatura média dos pacientes de 2,5 cm (p < 0,0001). A média da capacidade de insuflação máxima (CIM) foi maior que a capacidade vital forçada (CVF) basal em todas as avaliações (p < 0,0001). Houve aumento na média da CVF e CIM (p < 0,01), PFTNA (p < 0,05) e no PFTASS após período de treinamento nos pacientes com escoliose não estruturada ou ausente. Conclusão: O treinamento domiciliar com insuflações e empilhamento de ar deve ser enfatizado nas DNM, pois aumenta o PFT. Tal treinamento aumenta a CVF basal e o PFTNA nos pacientes sem deformidades torácicas. / Introduction: Respiratory complications, low lung volumes and inefficient cough, resulting from weakness of respiratory muscles are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neuromuscular patients (NMD). Objective: To assess the effects of air stacking training on lung function in patients with NMD. Methods: Prospective study in 21 patients with NMD aged 7 to 23 years. Al patients underwent respiratory evaluations every 4 to 6 months. Was performed spirometry and measurement of unassisted peak cough flow (UPCF) and assisted peak cough flow (APCF) with insufflations and air stacking with manual resuscitator. The patients and caregivers were trained and were prescribed lung insufflations by air stacking three times each day at home. The statistical analysis used the statistical package GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Windows. Spirometric variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations, were subject to normality test D\'Agostino-Pearson. We used ANOVA for repeated measures followed by post hoc Tukey test. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) did not exhibit normal distribution and therefore was subjected to the Friedman test followed by Dunn´s post hoc test. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was in increase in the average height of 2.5 cm, of the patients (p < 0.0001). The mean maximum insufflation capacity (MIC) was greater than forced vital capacity (FVC) baseline for all evaluations (p < 0.0001). There was increase in mean FVC and MIC (p < 0.001), UPCF (p < 0.05) and APCF (p < 0.01) after air stacking training period in patients without scoliosis or unstructured. Conclusion: The air stacking training home should be emphasized in NMD. This training increases the FVC and UPCF in patients without scoliosis or unstructured.

M.Cur. / Neonates born with respiratory distress require supplementary oxygen. In some cases it is necessary to ventilate these neonates in order to obtain adequate tissue oxygenation. Due to the potential complications of mechanical ventilation it is necessary to extubate the neonate as soon as possible after intubation and administer supplementary oxygen by an alternate method. Any form of oxygen therapy carries the risk of oxygen toxicity. It is therefore essential that the method of oxygen therapy opted for after extubation will result in the infant being weaned in the shortest time possible. In the two NICUs from which the sample was taken for this study, neonates are currently extubated and placed either in a head box, on nasal CP AP or on a nasal cannula, these being the methods used to administer oxygen to a neonate. The decision regarding the method of choice is currently directed by customary practices rather than physiological variables as indicators/criteria of effectiveness. The questions that arise from the research problem are as follows: • Which physiological variables should be considered when faced with the decision regarding the method of oxygen therapy to initiate after extubation of a neonate? • Are there any differences in the effectiveness of the two methods of oxygen therapy, namely headbox and nasal cannula, after extubation of a neonate? The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of oxygen therapy, after extubation of the neonate with respiratory distress syndrome, in an attempt to formulate guidelines; based on physiological variables as criteria/indicators of effectiveness. After analyzing the data, as described in Chapter 4, it became evident that it would not be possible to formulate guidelines. Therefore only a comparison was done between the two methods of oxygen therapy (headbox and nasal cannula,) based on both biographical and physiological variables as criteria/indicators, to determine whether there were any significant differences in the effectiveness of the two methods after extubation of the neonate.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is one of the most frequently used treatment modalities in the intensive care unit (ICU) (Burns, 2005:14). Up to 90% of critically ill patients in ICUs globally are connected to a mechanical ventilator. Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving intervention, it is expensive and is associated with diverse complications (Mclean, Jensen, Schroeder, Gibney & Skjodt, 2006: 299). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounts for 25% of all infections in ICU, with global crude mortality figures estimated at 20-70% (Craven, 2006:251). Minimising the time that a patient is connected to a mechanical ventilator to the absolute minimum can have considerable benefits in terms of decreased mortality and morbidity, as well as a decreased length of ICU stay and lower hospital costs. Critically ill patients therefore need to be weaned from the mechanical ventilator as soon as their condition that warranted the need for mechanical ventilation is stabilized. The process of weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation constitutes a significant proportion of total ventilator time. As professional nurses attend to the mechanically ventilated patient 24 hours a day, they have a vital role to play in the collaborative management of the patient requiring weaning from mechanical ventilation. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. Based on the results, recommendations in the form of a protocol were made in order to improve the professional nurses’ knowledge and enhance the care of the mechanically ventilated patient. A quantitative design, which was exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was utilised for the study. The data collection instrument of choice was a self-administered questionnaire. Convenience, non-probability sampling was the sampling method chosen for the purpose of this study. Collected data were analysed with the assistance of a statistician using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results were displayed in the form of graphs and tables. The results obtained in the study, combined with data from the literature review, were used to develop recommendations to enhance vi professional nurses’ knowledge regarding weaning the critically ill patient from mechanical ventilation. The recommendations were presented in the form of a protocol based on the available evidence. Ethical principles as they relate to conducting research were adhered to throughout the study.

No description available.