This Note asserts that natural disaster-affected populations have a right to call on the international community to protect basic subsistence interests where their sovereign government is unable or unwilling to do so in the wake of a catastrophic natural disaster. First, this Note situates the right to international humanitarian assistance following a natural disaster as a legitimate right under modern international human rights law, using the normative framework set out by renowned political theorist Charles Beitz. This Note then illustrates how the international humanitarian law doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect provides a clear and coherent way to operationalize the right to post-natural disaster humanitarian assistance, by providing a previously-determined structure for a definitive, yet circumstantially-flexible, determination of first- and second-level responsibilities for eligible international actors to take action in defence of this right.

The International Commission on Intervention on State Sovereignty was established with the intent of articulating more robust guidelines on how the international community should respond to humanitarian crises. In 2001, the Commission released its official report in which it proposed the creation of new concept called the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). R2P sought to make nations more willing to address humanitarian crises. This thesis examines how the concept of R2P has the potential of impacting state behaviour. Through examining its normative evolution and current impact on state behaviour, this thesis argues that while the concept clearly has led to an increase political will to react, it is occasionally limited by the surrounding political realities.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been around for many years and one of the first definitions of this subject was created in the 1950s. The importance of CSR has increased over the years and today there are several different models and it is a wide spread tool that companies use to improve their business within the area’s economic-, legal- and ethical responsibilities. Companies can use this both as an advantage over competitors and as a way of attracting customers and employees. One of the major points in CSR is the environment and this part is becoming increasingly important in today’s society, where global warming due to CO2 emissions is an increasing concern. Also the interdependence between organizations and society is growing in significance, which also is a reason for the increased interest in CSR. This thesis focuses on what CSR is, to what purpose or goal companies engage in it and how the two chosen logistics companies, DHL and Schenker, work with CSR and what differences there are between them. This thesis is a cross case study of two logistics companies and to acquire the needed information, the authors have conducted document studies and interviews. These document studies and interviews have provided the thesis with a theoretical framework and a deeper understanding of how two of the largest logistics companies work with CSR. The results show that both companies are engaging in similar manner in the environmental responsibilities, but there are some major differences in how they deal with societal responsibilities. DHL uses its size and global presence to aid societies in need and help communities with educating their children. DB Schenker on the other hand focuses on cooperation’s with universities and also donates funds to schools and non-governmental organizations.

The purpose of the thesis at hand is to shed light on factors that will have impact on the future development of the tourism industry and the importance of preparing for them.  The main issue is the future availability of oil and the subsequent behaviour of consumers. In order to answer the questions posed for the purpose of the thesis at hand a number of interviews were carried out with people working in the tourism industry as well as people working within administrative authorities focused on environmental issues. In order to deepen the understanding for the topic of the thesis at hand extensive literary reviews were made and out of that material a state of the art was composed. In addition to this a number of theories on consumption and consumerism were used.  The empirical material showed that there were a number of factors that need to be dealt with in order for the tourism industry to be prepared for what might happen in the future. The future of the tourism industry is bright at least when considering the predictions of increasing arrival numbers and the revenue it will bring. On the other hand the tourism industry is facing many challenges in the future some of which cause more concern than others. For example tourism is greatly dependent on various forms of transportation in order to function. And transportation, especially aviation, is dependent on fuel to function. This means that when tourism increases so does transportation and with it oil consumption. Researchers are now predicting that the oil reserves are running out and that the risk of reaching a peak in oil production is drawing closer. At the moment the solutions to this problem are few and the fact that tourism is increasing steadily is not helping. The suggestion put forth in the thesis at hand is that consumption behaviours of tourists need to change in order to secure a sustainable future.   Tourism is a form of consumption and consumption is a natural part of human life and a function that is continuous. The way we consume naturally has consequences on many different levels in society. However the negative consequences related to consumption of tourism are shaping what our future will look like. Thus it is time for change.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the companies approach to sustainability and to examine the relationship between the report content and the sustainability efforts businesses are making in practice. Method: The study has a qualitative perspective with semi-structured interviews and content analysis as method to collect data. Three companies were interviewed; Tekniska Verken AB, Apoteket AB and Max hamburgerrestauranger AB. The content analysis was used when collecting data from the three companies’ sustainability reports. Frame of reference: Legitimacy theory, Stakeholder theory, Institutional theory, the Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. Results: The result showed that all companies are prepared to work for sustainable development and that they view sustainability as an integrated part of their work. The sustainability report is the basis for sustainability reporting, which is a way for companies to demonstrate to their stakeholders what they stand for and what they implement in practice. It also emerged in the interviews that the sustainability report should be transparent and open and contain both positive and negative influences. The authors found, however, especially positive influences in the company’s reports. A significant correlation was found between the practical work on sustainability and sustainability reporting. Conclusion: The companies have a genuine interest in sustainable development, but the sustainability report is also an opportunity for companies to demonstrate their values and promote their brand. The essay also demonstrates the importance of sustainability to be profitable for companies so they can be able to progress its business with continued economic growth.

To act responsible in relation to environmental, economic and social issues is a trend that is spreading among businesses and their investors. In order to assess business risks, ethical interested investors are calling for open, honest, clear CSR information that can be followed up in corporate sustainability reports. The ability to communicate about risks and to meet investors requests already in the business analytic process can save resources and increase the company’s profitability. The idea that companies should take responsibility for their impact on society from economic, environmental and social perspective is called Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR. In addition to CSR, there is another three-letter abbreviation in this context, PRI – Principles for Responsible Investment – which are principles, signed by ethically interested investors. Owners of shares and securities such as fund management companies and banks have in recent years emerged as a major driving force behind corporate CSR efforts. Companies that is good at reporting their CSR work, is estimated to have a lower investment risk than companies that communicates this work poorly. In this paper, six investors express their expectations on companies CSR reporting. Their responses are analyzed and summarized, which may make it easier for companies wishing to report their CSR work right from the start.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore and analyze how collaboration within a CSR project develops and evolves over time. By analyzing a CSR project that in-volves actors from multiple sectors, the aim is to acquire an increased understand-ing of the collaborative process. Background: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a concept has been growing in im-portance and is becoming an important part of corporations’ strategy, but there are still issues of how to engage in an efficient and effective way. As consumers are be-coming increasingly aware of CSR it can influences their buying behaviors. It is im-portant for corporations to engage in CSR that can result in both social and finan-cial value. CSR collaboration with external actors can provide and leverage unique combinations of resources and knowledge which could otherwise be hard for the corporation to obtain. The challenge for corporations is to find the right collabora-tive partnerships with the capabilities to meet the needs of society. Different types of actors can have different motivations behind their involvement, raising the issue of how they can collaborate without conflict. Method: To answer the purpose, a case study was conducted. The case study is based on a project called “Bra bostäder för småhushåll till rimligt pris” which is aimed at alle-viate the shortage of affordable housing in Sweden. The project intends to show that it is possible to build more affordable homes where the price for the end con-sumer is considered from the beginning. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviewees with important actors involved in the case. Conclusion: The ability to develop a CSR project is critically dependent on the collabora-tion between the involved actors. The collaborative process and inclusion of differ-ent actors are based on the competencies, knowledge, and experience. Social as-pects have been the foundation for a shared purpose, but the focus has been on is-sues regarding sustainable financial viability. The collaborative nature has allowed for a unique combinations that would otherwise not been possible and have in-creased the value of the project.

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Purpose: To examine how a tour operator works to implement sustainability in the development of the business, as well as what significance it has to consumers in selecting a tour operator. Furthermore, the purpose is to provide recommendations on how tour operators should work to communicate their commitments. Methodology: The research strategy applied is a case study which follows an abductive approach. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to complement each other. A semi-structured interview with a tour operator and a consumer survey constitute the empirical foundation. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that consumers show a positive attitude towards CSR, but do not see it as a determinant when choosing a tour operator. Thus, CSR does not constitute a competitive advantage against competitors. However, that is not to say a tour operator can choose not to part take in acts for sustainability since the risk of negative publicity would increase remarkably, as well as loss of legitimacy. Consequently, CSR could be moving towards something consumers take for granted and expect tour operators to work with.

No description available.