Title of the thesis in English Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and its implementation in Czech Republic Abstract This thesis deals with the international responsibility of the state for national activities in outer space, and more specifically with issues related to such responsibility as the interpretation of Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and its implementation in national legislation, especially in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work is to comprehensively describe and then analyse the legal regime of space law, focusing on Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and its effects on legal regulation in the Czech Republic. The first and second parts of the thesis present the general theory and development of space law, together with the presentation of the responsibility of the state under international public law, and in this case also subsequently described with reference to space law. The third part of the thesis focuses on the creation of Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and analyses its provisions. It raises its issue, in particular, the vagueness of the terms contained in the article and this, consequently, constitutes a difference of interpretation of that article. This part also addresses the links of Article VI to Articles VII and VIII of the Outer Space Treaty. The fourth part...

The severity of the phenomenon of forced labour, among other forms of human exploitation, has garnered paramount significance in the context of contemporary socioeconomic changes. For this reason, the present work seeks to address the issue through the lens of international law with two primary objectives. Firstly, to delineate the actual legal status surrounding the prohibition of forced labour and secondly, to clarify the nature of State responsibility for the utilisation of forced labour by private actors. Built upon this foundation, the research unfolds in a tripartite structure. The first chapter is introduced by an historical overview focused on States’ acknowledgement of forced labour alongside abolitionist movements against slavery between the XIX and XX centuries. The overview serves as a basis for an in-depth examination of relevant key international agreements drafted within the League of Nations and later the United Nations, as well as the International Labour Organization, up to the latest developments. The analysis then extends to forced labour provisions enshrined in regional human rights conventions and other pertinent international agreements as well as to the most recent contribution developed within practice of international organisations. The second chapter is divided into two sections. In the first part, the focus lies on the case law on the prohibition of forced labour as interpreted by the International Court of Justice and regional human rights courts. In the subsequent part, examples of national legislation aimed at combating forced labour through corporate accountability are outlined, alongside supranational initiatives aligned with this overarching objective. Drawing from the insights garnered in the preceding chapters, the concluding chapter presents an exploration of the status of the prohibition of forced labour within the framework of international law. This is followed by the analysis of three potential hypotheses aimed at elucidating the nature of State responsibility regarding the employment of forced labour by private actors. On these grounds, the prominence of forced labour in contemporary international law and the critical role of States in addressing it is ultimately unveiled. The outcomes of the work assess if States’ strategies align with the urgency of the issue, suggesting future approaches to effectively tackle forced labour in the actual global landscape.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Ghiuro Valentini Fritoli.pdf: 2001940 bytes, checksum: 27211b970f114b2393708ca9ed9e91df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-24 / This study concerns the legislative omission responsability in face of prejudicial discrimination to fundamental rights and freedoms under the legal system in force. To this end, we tried to analyze both the true meaning and scope of the 5ª, XLI clause of the current Brazilian Constitution and establish the legal consequences for failure in the implementation of this constitutional provision by the Powers concerned, especially by the Legislative. Whereas the constitutional provision under consideration imposes a legal duty to the ordinary legislator - that all legal obligation, once breached, leads to a penalty; that, upon the omission of a constitutional obligation, the omission will be unconstitutional - we briefly present, before we specifically adress to the topic, the instruments of constitutional control of laws and normative acts which exist in our legal system and approach closely, soon after, the mechanisms of constitutional omission control. We provide, also, an overview about the State s responsibility institute and, at last, we specifically adress to State s responsibility front of legislative omission in face of discrimination against fundamental rights and freedoms / O presente trabalho pretende abordar a responsabilidade do Estado por omissão legislativa em face das discriminações atentatórias aos direitos e liberdades fundamentais à luz do ordenamento jurídico em vigor. Para tanto, procuramos analisar o verdadeiro sentido e alcance do inciso XLI do art. 5º da Constituição da República e demonstrar quais são as conseqüências jurídicas em caso de não concretização deste dispositivo constitucional pelos Poderes competentes, especialmente pelo Poder Legislativo. Considerando que o dispositivo constitucional a ser analisado impõe um dever jurídico ao legislador ordinário - que todo dever jurídico, uma vez descumprido, acarreta uma sanção; que, em havendo omissão de um dever previsto constitucionalmente, a omissão será inconstitucional apresentamos de forma sucinta, antes de adentrarmos especificamente no tema, os meios de controle de constitucionalidade das leis e atos normativos existentes em nosso ordenamento jurídico e abordamos detidamente, logo após, os mecanismos de controle da inconstitucionalidade por omissão. Fornecemos, ainda, um panorama acerca do instituto da responsabilidade do Estado para, finalmente, tratarmos especificamente da responsabilidade do Estado ante a omissão legislativa em face da discriminação atentatória aos direitos e liberdades fundamentais