Despite the fact that all U.S. states offer some form of civil protection orders to intimate partner violence (IPV) victims, little research has assessed their efficacy. In this analysis, the effect of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on civil protection order effectiveness is examined. The results indicate that race/ethnicity, overall, is not a significant predictor in protection order efficacy. However, SES, as measured by the petitioner?s highest educational attainment, employment status, and income, is statistically related to repeat victimization and perceptions of efficacy. Policy recommendations and areas for future research are proposed.

Traditionally, there are several kinds of method for restraining wear. Usually, it includes the choice of the best operating conditions, the surface coating, the surface heat treatment, and the choice of the best lubricants. Among these methods, only the choice of the best lubricants has the mendable process of chemical element for worn surface, others do not have the mendable process. Consequently, this project proposes a method of continuous tribo-plating, and takes preliminary experiments by using SUJ2 ball specimen and S45C disk specimen to investigate the effects of rotational speed, anode¡¦s density of current, and specimen¡¦s surface roughness on the coating growing rate and the coefficient of friction. Results show that the coating growing rate increases with increasing rotational speed and anode¡¦s density of current, but it doesn¡¦t be influenced by surface roughness. According to the experimental results, it is found that the frictional coefficient in order is uncoated specimen, coated specimen, and continuous coated specimen. Furthermore, at continuous tribo-plating test, specimen whose surface roughness is rough has lower frictional coefficient. According to the analyses of surface pattern and composition, specimen whose surface roughness is rough remains a lot of piece-like coating film on the surface, and this residual film provides a good effect of lubrication. The result of this project proves that continuous tribo-plating not only reduces frictional loss but also has the mendable process of worn surface.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-168).

The integration of an instructional good idea in undergraduate classes through the natural and evolutionary process of instruction renovation was the focus of this study. More specifically, the question What personal, contextual, and innovation-related forces act on the integration of active learning into the traditional signature pedagogies of university tenured faculty? was addressed in an extensive research agenda spanning seven years. In the mixed methods study central to this research portfolio, self-nominating faculty who were proponents of active learning at the University of Saskatchewan shared their stories and perceptions about integrating active learning in their undergraduate classes through written data, surveys, questionnaires, focus group meetings, and individual interviews. The study revealed that the integration of active learning, and the development of unique personal signature pedagogies, took place naturally in a benignly neutral environment, when desire met with combinations of perceived needs and timely, resonating active learning solutions. Rather than change, instructional methods were gently renovated as participants experimented with solutions to address student learning needs. Active learning was fit together with personal and professional beliefs about student capabilities and effective instruction, and college signature pedagogies.<p> Participants indicated that supportive faculty development, student enthusiasm and engagement, policy that neither encouraged nor discouraged active learning, and the benefits of active learning were driving forces. Restraining forces included unsupportive or negative students and peers, a lack of alignment between stated organizational values and enacted values regarding rewards, and time. Active learning was thought to be effective, but was also perceived to be complex, difficult to try and assess, and too dissimilar from other instructional methods to integrate easily.<p> Findings from the central study and experiences associated larger doctoral research agenda activities suggest that faculty development could be expanded to provide coaching and suggest instructional methods which are clearly linked with signature pedagogies and instructional problems, and that small manageable ways in which active learning can be easily and comfortably integrated in undergraduate classes are showcased. In addition, students could be encouraged to interact with faculty as often as possible, that student stories of engaging instructional activities be prominently profiled, and that stated organizational values be clearly aligned with enacted values and the formal reward structure.<p> Future studies might focus on the effects of planting highly-regarded teaching enthusiasts, the relationship between student and faculty enthusiasm and engagement, the effects of external rewards on the inclusion of active learning, the role of collegial support in the integration of active learning, and the process of integrating other good ideas. Research might also be conducted on removing identified barriers and increasing driving forces identified in this study. An extension and elaboration of this study might create communities of practice on campus and encourage positive conversations about teaching as well as reveal additional driving and restraining forces that act on the integration of good ideas in undergraduate classes.

The integration of an instructional good idea in undergraduate classes through the natural and evolutionary process of instruction renovation was the focus of this study. More specifically, the question What personal, contextual, and innovation-related forces act on the integration of active learning into the traditional signature pedagogies of university tenured faculty? was addressed in an extensive research agenda spanning seven years. In the mixed methods study central to this research portfolio, self-nominating faculty who were proponents of active learning at the University of Saskatchewan shared their stories and perceptions about integrating active learning in their undergraduate classes through written data, surveys, questionnaires, focus group meetings, and individual interviews. The study revealed that the integration of active learning, and the development of unique personal signature pedagogies, took place naturally in a benignly neutral environment, when desire met with combinations of perceived needs and timely, resonating active learning solutions. Rather than change, instructional methods were gently renovated as participants experimented with solutions to address student learning needs. Active learning was fit together with personal and professional beliefs about student capabilities and effective instruction, and college signature pedagogies.<p> Participants indicated that supportive faculty development, student enthusiasm and engagement, policy that neither encouraged nor discouraged active learning, and the benefits of active learning were driving forces. Restraining forces included unsupportive or negative students and peers, a lack of alignment between stated organizational values and enacted values regarding rewards, and time. Active learning was thought to be effective, but was also perceived to be complex, difficult to try and assess, and too dissimilar from other instructional methods to integrate easily.<p> Findings from the central study and experiences associated larger doctoral research agenda activities suggest that faculty development could be expanded to provide coaching and suggest instructional methods which are clearly linked with signature pedagogies and instructional problems, and that small manageable ways in which active learning can be easily and comfortably integrated in undergraduate classes are showcased. In addition, students could be encouraged to interact with faculty as often as possible, that student stories of engaging instructional activities be prominently profiled, and that stated organizational values be clearly aligned with enacted values and the formal reward structure.<p> Future studies might focus on the effects of planting highly-regarded teaching enthusiasts, the relationship between student and faculty enthusiasm and engagement, the effects of external rewards on the inclusion of active learning, the role of collegial support in the integration of active learning, and the process of integrating other good ideas. Research might also be conducted on removing identified barriers and increasing driving forces identified in this study. An extension and elaboration of this study might create communities of practice on campus and encourage positive conversations about teaching as well as reveal additional driving and restraining forces that act on the integration of good ideas in undergraduate classes.

The tallest mountain in North America, Mount McKinley is situated inside a sharp bend in the right‐lateral Denali fault. This anomalous topography is clearly associated with the complex geometry of the Denali fault, but how this topography evolves in conjunction with the adjacent strike‐slip fault is unknown. To constrain how this fault bend is deforming, the Quaternary fault‐related deformation on the opposite side of the Denali fault from Mount McKinley were documented through combined geologic mapping, active fault characterization, and analysis of background seismicity. My mapping illustrates an east‐west change in faulting style where normal faults occur east of the fault bend and thrust faults predominate to the west. These faults offset glacial outwash terraces and moraines which, with tentative correlations with the regional glacial history, provide fault slip rates that suggest that the Denali fault bend is migrating southwestward. The complex and elevated regional seismicity corroborates the style of faulting associated with the fault bend and provide additional subsurface control on the location of active faults. Seismologic and neotectonic constraints suggest that the maximum compressive stress axis rotates from vertical east of the bend to horizontal and Denali fault‐normal west of the bend.

South African gold mining companies fail to meet employment equity targets at management level. The research aimed at establishing the level of Blacks in junior, middle and senior management positions in South African gold mining companies and to gain an understanding of the drivers and restraining factors for achieving employment equity at management level. Qualitative research was undertaken comprising focus group discussions with Black managers in the gold mining industry and with the Department of Mineral Resources. This was supplemented with in-depth interviews with gold mining HR and transformation managers/executives, labour unions and the Department of Labour. The research confirmed the current level of Blacks in management in gold mining companies, ranging between 23% and 29.6%. A conflict was identified between the Department of Mineral Resource’s “compliance” approach compared to gold companies’ “commitment” approach to employment equity transformation. Transformation Planning, Individual Development Support and Employment Equity Support Structures emerged as the key employment equity transformation themes. These were captured in the “three pillar” model to guide improved employment equity transformation in South African gold mining companies. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo experimental e numérico acerca do comportamento em situação de incêndio de pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto inseridos em paredes. Tendo em vista que o aquecimento ocorre em apenas uma das faces do pilar, são instaurados gradientes térmicos ao longo da seção, adicionando momentos e tensões que alteram significativamente o comportamento termoestrutural do pilar. O estudo experimental foi realizado na Universidade de Coimbra, onde foram realizados ensaios em temperaturas elevadas de pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto, considerando o preenchimento entre as mesas do perfil. Dentre os parâmetros analisados, foram considerados dois tipos de perfis metálicos, três espessuras de paredes e a orientação do perfil em relação à parede. Todos os ensaios consideraram o pilar com restrição axial e rotacional nas extremidades. A partir da análise experimental, foi possível observar que os pilares com o gradiente térmico ao longo das mesas do perfil, que desenvolvem um gradiente térmico menos pronunciado, apresentam um comportamento mais semelhante aos pilares aquecidos uniformemente. Já com o gradiente térmico ao longo da alma, o comportamento obtido é bastante diferente, sendo que o desenvolvimento das forças de restrição no pilar apresenta dois ramos ascendentes até o valor de pico. Considerações acerca do efeito térmico e estrutural da espessura da parede e do tipo de perfil utilizado são apresentados no trabalho. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas análise numéricas térmicas e termoestruturais em elementos finitos a fim de compreender melhor o comportamento dos pilares ensaiados previamente. Por fim, em âmbito teórico é apresentada uma metodologia para a obtenção das curvas de interação da força normal e momento fletor para os pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto submetidos à gradientes térmicos ao longo das mesas e da alma do perfil. / The present work presents an experimental and numerical study concerning the behaviour in fire of steel and composite steel and concrete columns embedded on walls. Considering that the heating occurs at only one side of the column, thermal gradients are developed along the cross section, adding bending moments and tensions which significantly changes the behaviour of the column in fire. The experimental study was conducted at the University of Coimbra, where tests were carried out at elevated temperatures on steel and composite columns with concrete between the flanges of the profile. Among the analysed parameters, were considered two types of steel profiles, three wall thicknesses and the column position in its two principal direction in comparison to the wall. All tests considered the column with axial and rotational restrictions on its ends. From the experimental analysis, we observed that the columns with the thermal gradient along the profile flanges, which develops a less pronounced thermal gradient, have a more similar behaviour with the columns uniformly heated. Considering the thermal gradient along the web, the behaviour obtained is quite different, with the development of axial forces presenting two ascending branches until the peak value. Considerations concerning the thermal and structural effect of wall thickness and type of profile used are presented along the results discussion. In addition, thermal and thermomechanical finite element analysis were developed in order to better understand the behaviour of the columns previously tested. Finally, in a theoretical scope a methodology for obtaining the normal force and bending moment interaction diagrams (N-M diagrams) for steel and composite columns subjected to thermal gradients along the flanges and the web is presented and compared with the experimental data.

Although the civil restraining order is the most commonly sought legal initiative to combat intimate partner violence in British Columbia, no known qualitative research has assessed the application process or the enforcement of the orders in BC. Previous quantitative research presents mixed findings and fails to provide an in-depth analysis of how legal and institutional work is organized, and in turn, organizes the process. This thesis employs Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography to critically examine civil restraining order application processing in the BC Provincial Court. A combination of interviews, observations, and textual analyses contribute to the mapping of the way formalized texts regulate the different phases of practitioner's work. Particular attention is paid to disjunctures between battered women's experiential knowledge and what becomes formally known to practitioners who manage her case. This research found that abused women's lived experience with violence is transformed and shaped into accounts in which her safety needs disappear. Court practitioners become immersed in text-mediated activity within a legal ruling apparatus that emphasizes timely completion of a large quantity of cases, with little or no commitment to quality solutions. In the same effort to preserve limited police time and resources, one policy directs judges to add a police enforcement clause to only a few of the most serious cases. All restraining orders that do not have this clause are currently unenforceable.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo experimental e numérico acerca do comportamento em situação de incêndio de pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto inseridos em paredes. Tendo em vista que o aquecimento ocorre em apenas uma das faces do pilar, são instaurados gradientes térmicos ao longo da seção, adicionando momentos e tensões que alteram significativamente o comportamento termoestrutural do pilar. O estudo experimental foi realizado na Universidade de Coimbra, onde foram realizados ensaios em temperaturas elevadas de pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto, considerando o preenchimento entre as mesas do perfil. Dentre os parâmetros analisados, foram considerados dois tipos de perfis metálicos, três espessuras de paredes e a orientação do perfil em relação à parede. Todos os ensaios consideraram o pilar com restrição axial e rotacional nas extremidades. A partir da análise experimental, foi possível observar que os pilares com o gradiente térmico ao longo das mesas do perfil, que desenvolvem um gradiente térmico menos pronunciado, apresentam um comportamento mais semelhante aos pilares aquecidos uniformemente. Já com o gradiente térmico ao longo da alma, o comportamento obtido é bastante diferente, sendo que o desenvolvimento das forças de restrição no pilar apresenta dois ramos ascendentes até o valor de pico. Considerações acerca do efeito térmico e estrutural da espessura da parede e do tipo de perfil utilizado são apresentados no trabalho. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas análise numéricas térmicas e termoestruturais em elementos finitos a fim de compreender melhor o comportamento dos pilares ensaiados previamente. Por fim, em âmbito teórico é apresentada uma metodologia para a obtenção das curvas de interação da força normal e momento fletor para os pilares de aço e mistos de aço e concreto submetidos à gradientes térmicos ao longo das mesas e da alma do perfil. / The present work presents an experimental and numerical study concerning the behaviour in fire of steel and composite steel and concrete columns embedded on walls. Considering that the heating occurs at only one side of the column, thermal gradients are developed along the cross section, adding bending moments and tensions which significantly changes the behaviour of the column in fire. The experimental study was conducted at the University of Coimbra, where tests were carried out at elevated temperatures on steel and composite columns with concrete between the flanges of the profile. Among the analysed parameters, were considered two types of steel profiles, three wall thicknesses and the column position in its two principal direction in comparison to the wall. All tests considered the column with axial and rotational restrictions on its ends. From the experimental analysis, we observed that the columns with the thermal gradient along the profile flanges, which develops a less pronounced thermal gradient, have a more similar behaviour with the columns uniformly heated. Considering the thermal gradient along the web, the behaviour obtained is quite different, with the development of axial forces presenting two ascending branches until the peak value. Considerations concerning the thermal and structural effect of wall thickness and type of profile used are presented along the results discussion. In addition, thermal and thermomechanical finite element analysis were developed in order to better understand the behaviour of the columns previously tested. Finally, in a theoretical scope a methodology for obtaining the normal force and bending moment interaction diagrams (N-M diagrams) for steel and composite columns subjected to thermal gradients along the flanges and the web is presented and compared with the experimental data.