The purpose of this study was to investigate endocrine responses to redistribution with heavier loads (RR+L) during back squat (BS) exercise in resistance-trained men. Ten men (mean±SE; 23±2 years, 175.6±2.0 cm, 78.0±3.4 kg, 4±1 training years) were assigned using randomization to either RR+L (4 sets of (2×5 repetitions) of BS with 30 s intra-set and 90 s inter-set rest using 75% of their 1RM) or traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 repetitions of BS with 120 s inter-set rest using 70% of their 1RM). Fasted blood samples were collected pre-exercise (PRE), immediately post-exercise (IP), and 5 (+5), 15 (+15), and 30 (+30) minutes post-exercise to analyze the concentrations of testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), cortisol (C), and blood lactate (BL). Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were used (p≤0.05). A main effect of condition (p=0.023) was observed for BL (RR+L; 5.9±0.5 vs TS; 6.7±0.4 mmol/L). A main effect of time point (p≤0.001) was observed for T, GH, C, and BL. T was greater at IP (8.8±1.1), +5 (9.0±1.1), +15 (8.5±1.0), and +30 (8.0±1.0) than PRE (7.1±0.8 ng/mL). GH was greater at IP (58.3±12.7), +5 (62.8±12.7), +15 (67.9±13.3), and +30 (52.8±11.2) than PRE (3.6±1.6 µIU/mL). C was greater at +15 (25.5±2.9) and +30 (25.6±2.7) than PRE (20.0±2.7 µg/dL). BL was greater at IP (8.6±0.6), +5 (8.2±0.6), +15 (7.4±0.5), and +30 (5.8±0.5) than PRE (1.4±0.2 mmol/L). RR+L resulted in lower BL but no differences in T, GH, and C responses compared to TS. Thus, practitioners may incorporate RR+L without affecting endocrine responses.

The culture of presenteeism is deeply rooted in our labor practice and looks bad (or very bad) that an employee cease its work on time, calling uncommitted or “bureaucrat”, which is paradoxical because there are thousands of public servers that do not have a maximum working time. What is not assimilated is that working time is the opposite of free time, which all the hours you’re at work are hours when you do not have freedom to do other things (studying, going to the movies, spending time with family, etc.). And that can cause illness or even kill the employee. This paper seeks to reflect on this important subject in the lives of individuals. / La cultura del presentismo se encuentra muy arraigada en nuestra práctica laboral y se ve mal (o muy mal) que un trabajador cese sus labores a su hora, calificándolo de poco comprometido o de “burócrata”, lo cual es paradójico porque son miles los servidores públicos que no cuentan con una jornada máxima de trabajo. Lo que no se asimila es que el tiempo de trabajo es lo contrario del tiempo libre, con lo cual todas las horas que uno está en el trabajo son horas en las que no cuenta con libertad para hacer otras cosas (estudiar, ir al cine, pasar tiempo con la familia, etc.). Y eso puede causar enfermedades o hasta la muerte al trabajador. El presente trabajo busca reflexionar sobre este tema tan importante en la vida de las personas.

The current study investigated the distribution of periodontal epithelial cells and nerve fibres within the furcations of rat maxillary molar teeth subjected to hypothermic injury. The upper right first molars of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single 20 minute application of dry ice in order to produce aseptic necrosis within the periodontal ligament, while the contralateral first molar served as an untreated control. Five animals were each sacrificed via cardiac perfusion after 7, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days respectively and the maxillae were dissected out. After fixation in paraformaldehyde and processing, the tissues were embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 7µm serial coronal sections through the furcation region. Consecutive sections were then stained with H&E, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and PGP 9.5 immunostains. Light microscopic examination of the H&E stained sections revealed that ankylosis had not developed in all of the experimental teeth, and in some of the observation groups fewer teeth were ankylosed than unaffected. The morphology of the ankylotic areas appeared to change with time, initially consisting of fine bony trabeculae, then progressing to solid bone occupying the entire furcation before becoming less solid again by the latest observation periods. Root resorption was often seen adjacent to areas of ankylosis, but the cementum of the tooth root at the point of ankylotic union was usually intact and free of resorption. Changes within the pulp chambers of the experimental teeth were also noted, with reduction in cellularity and tissue disorganisation initially, then increasing cellularity and formation of a cementum-like material on the chamber walls later. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunostaining successfully identified epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament and their distribution around control teeth was similar to previous reports. Counting of these cells revealed lower numbers around experimental teeth, with the lowest counts around experimental teeth which had developed ankylosis. No change in the epithelial cell counts was detected over time, and these cells did not appear to regenerate after necrosis regardless of whether or not ankylosis developed. Statistical analysis indicated that the probability of ankylosis decreased as the number of epithelial cells increased. The PGP 9.5 immunostain identified periodontal nerve fibres, but the use of this stain was quite technique sensitive. The furcations of the molar teeth were noted to have relatively sparse innervation, with most of the visible nerve fibres being closely associated with blood vessels and located in the outer two-thirds of the ligament. Counting of the nerve fibres revealed fewer fibres around experimental teeth compared to control teeth, especially in the part of the ligament closest to the tooth root. There was no relationship detected between nerve count and time or between nerve and epithelial cell counts. Resorption was found to be more prevalent in experimental teeth, and the probability of resorption in a given tooth decreased as the epithelial cell count increased. The findings of this study suggest that the epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament have a protective function in the prevention of dentoalveolar ankylosis and resorption. Evidence of an intimate interrelationship between periodontal nerve fibre and epithelial cell numbers could not be confirmed. The null hypothesis that epithelial cell rests of Malassez do not provide a protective function against ankylosis and external root resorption was rejected, and the null hypothesis that nerve fibres and epithelial cells are not inter-dependent was retained. / http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297409 / Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- School of Dentistry, 2007

The current study investigated the distribution of periodontal epithelial cells and nerve fibres within the furcations of rat maxillary molar teeth subjected to hypothermic injury. The upper right first molars of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single 20 minute application of dry ice in order to produce aseptic necrosis within the periodontal ligament, while the contralateral first molar served as an untreated control. Five animals were each sacrificed via cardiac perfusion after 7, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days respectively and the maxillae were dissected out. After fixation in paraformaldehyde and processing, the tissues were embedded in paraffin wax and cut into 7µm serial coronal sections through the furcation region. Consecutive sections were then stained with H&E, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and PGP 9.5 immunostains. Light microscopic examination of the H&E stained sections revealed that ankylosis had not developed in all of the experimental teeth, and in some of the observation groups fewer teeth were ankylosed than unaffected. The morphology of the ankylotic areas appeared to change with time, initially consisting of fine bony trabeculae, then progressing to solid bone occupying the entire furcation before becoming less solid again by the latest observation periods. Root resorption was often seen adjacent to areas of ankylosis, but the cementum of the tooth root at the point of ankylotic union was usually intact and free of resorption. Changes within the pulp chambers of the experimental teeth were also noted, with reduction in cellularity and tissue disorganisation initially, then increasing cellularity and formation of a cementum-like material on the chamber walls later. Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunostaining successfully identified epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament and their distribution around control teeth was similar to previous reports. Counting of these cells revealed lower numbers around experimental teeth, with the lowest counts around experimental teeth which had developed ankylosis. No change in the epithelial cell counts was detected over time, and these cells did not appear to regenerate after necrosis regardless of whether or not ankylosis developed. Statistical analysis indicated that the probability of ankylosis decreased as the number of epithelial cells increased. The PGP 9.5 immunostain identified periodontal nerve fibres, but the use of this stain was quite technique sensitive. The furcations of the molar teeth were noted to have relatively sparse innervation, with most of the visible nerve fibres being closely associated with blood vessels and located in the outer two-thirds of the ligament. Counting of the nerve fibres revealed fewer fibres around experimental teeth compared to control teeth, especially in the part of the ligament closest to the tooth root. There was no relationship detected between nerve count and time or between nerve and epithelial cell counts. Resorption was found to be more prevalent in experimental teeth, and the probability of resorption in a given tooth decreased as the epithelial cell count increased. The findings of this study suggest that the epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament have a protective function in the prevention of dentoalveolar ankylosis and resorption. Evidence of an intimate interrelationship between periodontal nerve fibre and epithelial cell numbers could not be confirmed. The null hypothesis that epithelial cell rests of Malassez do not provide a protective function against ankylosis and external root resorption was rejected, and the null hypothesis that nerve fibres and epithelial cells are not inter-dependent was retained. / http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297409 / Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- School of Dentistry, 2007

Due to entrance of WTO and performance of cGMP, Taiwan¡¦s biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries has met with more challenge¡Bimpact and pressure that let enterprise must reflect the marketing concept rests on four pillars¡Gtarget market, customer needs, integrated marketing, and organizational objectives( profitability) that reflect completely and restructure the strategic marketing according to innovative rethinking and develop into vision and strategic target of enterprise. The high-performance of business competitive advantage is focused on delivering customer value and satisfaction. Given the importance of customer value and satisfaction, we need to discuss the concepts of a value chain and value-delivery systems. Every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design¡Bproduce¡Bmarket¡Bdeliver¡Band support its product. The firm¡¦s task is to examine the value chain and look for ways to improve its cost and performance in each value-creating activity. The firm should estimate its competitor¡¦s cost and performance as benchmarks against which to compare its own cost and performance. To the extent that it can perform certain activities better than its competitors, it can achieve a business competitive advantage. Strong companies develop superior capabilities in managing these core competences. According to current healthy policy of Taiwan¡¦s government and promotional projects of developing biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, enterprise need to reflect and evaluate the core competence and focus on firm¡¦s resources. Enterprise need to find out and decide the strategic positioning and then fit with government¡¦s policy. How to combine about the low cost operation of business strategy and high profit of innovative strategy that develop and restructure the new business model that achieve the business competitive advantage. This study will explore meantime that Taiwan¡¦s biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms desire for reaching competitive advantage and occupying the market quickly, the firms should think that saving resources¡Brestructuring business model¡Bmanaging risk¡Banalyzing critical success factors¡Boperating the strategy of alliance and co-marketing are necessary.

Keywords¡GBiotechnology, Business Competitive Advantage, Innovation Business Model, Strategic Marketing, Marketing Concept Rests on Four Pillars, Porter¡¦s Competitive Forces Model, Value-chain Model, Resources Advantage Orientation, Resources-Based Theory( view) , Core Competence, Customer Relation Management, Strategy Game Due to entrance of WTO and performance of cGMP, Taiwan¡¦s biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries has met with more challenge¡Bimpact and pressure that let enterprise must reflect the marketing concept rests on four pillars¡Gtarget market, customer needs, integrated marketing, and organizational objectives( profitability) that reflect completely and restructure the strategic marketing according to innovative rethinking and develop into vision and strategic target of enterprise. The high-performance of business competitive advantage is focused on delivering customer value and satisfaction. Given the importance of customer value and satisfaction, we need to discuss the concepts of a value chain and value-delivery systems. Every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design¡Bproduce¡Bmarket¡Bdeliver¡Band support its product. The firm¡¦s task is to examine the value chain and look for ways to improve its cost and performance in each value-creating activity. The firm should estimate its competitor¡¦s cost and performance as benchmarks against which to compare its own cost and performance. To the extent that it can perform certain activities better than its competitors, it can achieve a business competitive advantage. Strong companies develop superior capabilities in managing these core competences. According to current healthy policy of Taiwan¡¦s government and promotional projects of developing biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, enterprise need to reflect and evaluate the core competence and focus on firm¡¦s resources. Enterprise need to find out and decide the strategic positioning and then fit with government¡¦s policy. How to combine about the low cost operation of business strategy and high profit of innovative strategy that develop and restructure the new business model that achieve the business competitive advantage. This study will explore meantime that Taiwan¡¦s biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms desire for reaching competitive advantage and occupying the market quickly, the firms should think that saving resources¡Brestructuring business model¡Bmanaging risk¡Banalyzing critical success factors¡Boperating the strategy of alliance and co-marketing are necessary.

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